The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray...
-
date post
20-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
1
Transcript of The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray...
![Page 1: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Existing Transient Surveys:High Energy II:X-ray Binaries
Geoff Bower
![Page 2: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Discovery of X-ray Stars
Giacconi et al 1962
![Page 3: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Aerobee Rocket
• Designed by James van Allen
• Aerojet booster• Bumblebee second stage
• Maximum altitude of 225 km
• Above 80 km for 350 seconds
• Traveled for 120 km
![Page 4: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
New Detectors
• Geiger counters
• Greater collecting area
• Anti-coincidence shields
• 50-100 times more sensitive than solar X-ray experiments
![Page 5: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
![Page 6: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Two Discoveries
• Sco X-1• No optical counterpart
known– Eventually 13th mag Lx ~ 10^3 Lopt
• Radio counterparts expected
• X-ray background detected
• Earth origin?
![Page 7: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Two Sources Discovered
Giacconi et al 1964
![Page 8: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
More Sources Found
Rossi 1967
•SNR•Nearby AGN•Galactic sources
![Page 9: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Characterizing Sco X-1
• Some variability– X-ray– Optical
• 1000 x energy in X-rays than any other band
• Thermal spectrum 50 x 10^6 K
• Atomic lines in optical
• No clear understanding in early days
![Page 10: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Pulsations & Occultations
Schreier et al 1972
~ 4 Seconds R < 10^9 cm
![Page 11: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Binary Model
Mx ~ 1 MsunM* ~ 17 – 46 Msun
![Page 12: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Neutron Star & Black Hole Binaries
• Periodic Fluctuations• Bursts of X-ray
emission following accretion
• Masses exceeding 3 Msun
![Page 13: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
LMXB & HMXB
• Low mass companion (< 10 Msun)
• Star overfills its Roche lobe
• Lifetime – 10^7 – 10^9 y
• High mass companion
• Stellar wind drives mass accretion
• Lifetimes < 10^7 y
Only hundreds in the entire galaxyDozens known
![Page 14: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Galactic Distribution
O LMXB* HMXBGrimm et al 2002
![Page 15: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Galactic Distribution
![Page 16: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Luminosity Distributions
![Page 17: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Super-Eddington Accretors
![Page 18: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
GRS 1915+105
• Discovered in gamma-rays but strong X-ray source
• LMXB– 15 M_sun BH– K giant companion
Fender & Belloni 2004
![Page 19: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Variability on Wide Range of Time Scales
RXTEASM
![Page 20: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Coupling Between Hardness, Temperature, and Radius
![Page 21: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Well Defined X-ray States
Markward et al 1999
Hard
Soft
Cool, distant disk Hot, close disk
![Page 22: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Photon Index
Tem
pera
ture
![Page 23: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Superluminal Motion
![Page 24: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Coupled Radio/X-ray Activity
![Page 25: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
![Page 26: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Comparison to AGN
• Tau ~ M^-1/2• Jet Quenching at 1 -
10% L_EDD
Triangles: XRBSquares: AGN
![Page 27: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Chandra Observations of the Galactic Center
Muno et al 2002
1 Msec2300 sources< 10 multi-wavelength counterparts
![Page 28: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Foreground Separation
![Page 29: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Galactic X-ray Sources
![Page 30: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
GC Transients
![Page 31: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Overabundance of Transients in Central Parsec
Radius Transients Stellar Mass Transient Rate
1 pc 4 2 X 10^6 M_sun
20
20 pc 3 3 x 10^7 1
![Page 32: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
Two Explanations for Transient Overdensity
• LMXBs
• Dynamical friction drives compact objects to GC
• Three-body interactions produces LMXB
• HMXB
Ghez et al 2006
![Page 33: The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d4b5503460f94a28af4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007
One LMXB Known
X-ray eclipsesPorquet et al 2005
Double-lobe radio sourceBower et al 2005