The Transatlantic Slave Trade and Colonial Slavery African-American History.
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Transcript of The Transatlantic Slave Trade and Colonial Slavery African-American History.
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The Transatlantic Slave Trade and Colonial Slavery
African-American History
![Page 2: The Transatlantic Slave Trade and Colonial Slavery African-American History.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081504/5697c02e1a28abf838cda33d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: The Transatlantic Slave Trade and Colonial Slavery African-American History.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081504/5697c02e1a28abf838cda33d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3 Distinct Features of American Slavery:
Slaves not accepted into society & had no legal rightsSlave status inherent and passed on to childrenMostly unskilled, manual laborers
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The Transatlantic Slave TradePortuguese controlled trade in 1500s, Dutch in 1600s, English in 1700s10-11 million slaves crossed the Atlantic
3.65 million to S. America
3.32 million to Caribbean
1.5 million to Mexico & Central America
600,000 to N. America
Angola & Loango = biggest source overall
Slave Coast dominated after 1740
East Africa not tapped until late 1700s
More men than women
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A Typical Slave ShipDimensions: 80’ – 90’ by 25’Held 300 – 450 slavesVoyage lasted 90 – 100 days10 – 20% average mortality rateOutlawed by U.S. & U.K. in 1808
British abolition movement led by William WilberforceFrance 1831; Spain 1835Last known slave ship crossed Atlantic in 1867Cuba ended slavery in 1888
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The Spanish EmpireViceroys ruled New Spain & Peru on King’s behalf
Each divided into provincesGovernors & audencias (courts) ruled provinces
Haciendas = large plantations growing cash crops (sugar, cotton, cocoa, tobacco, etc.)Mines were principle source of wealth for Spain
16 million kg. entered Spain between 1503-1650Crown kept 1/5 (quinto)Flowed primarily to Spanish Netherlands
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Slave Labor in New Spain
Encomienda = grant of Indian labor to mine & hacienda ownersRepartimiento = requirement that Indians work so many days for SpanishModeled on feudalism, but no protection for workersWhen Indians died off, replaced by Africans
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Why Africans Were Enslaved
Eric Williams argues slavery was based on economics, not racism
Indians enslaved first, then white indentured servants usedBlack slaves cheaper because held for life & less likely to escape
Winthrop Jordan argues slavery & racism developed dialectically
“black” associated with dirt, death & sin
David Brion Davis argues sugar/slave system moved from Mediterranean to Atlantic islands, & thence to Americas