THE TRAINING DATABASE The Training Database is supplied as part of the RNS, and is loaded at the same time as the main program. The Training Area is fictious, but the procedures are representative of the real world. The supplied area chart provides an immediately available environment in which radio navigation can take place. An exercise cross country radio navigation flight is included, which is made in nil wind conditions. However the flight profile may be re-run with wind if required. The non pilot or pilot under instructuin should refer to one of the many pilot training books, to obtain information on the techniques for flying and navigating with wind present. The Training Area chart shows the positions of all the facilities in the database. Distance and bearing measurements may be made on the chart, and the magnetic variation is 5° west over the whole area. A Chart Directory provides all the necessary information concerning the facilities.

The Cross Country Exercise

The main purpose of this exercise is to expose to the pilot the main types of radio navigation facilities in the training environment, and to perform two NDB holds during the flight. With that objective, the selection of particular aids during the exercise may not necessarily be those which would be chosen during a normal flight. The cross country route commences overhead VOR/DME CCT and terminates with a NDB hold at ERY and is divided into four legs:

Exercise Leg One Exercise Leg Two Exercise Leg Three Exercise Leg Four

The distance is 245 nautical miles, and at a planned airspeed of 90 knots the flight duration will be about 3 hours, allowing time for the NDB holds.

Exercise Area Facilities List:

Ident Facility Type Frequency Latitude Longitude Elevation

CCT VOR/DME 112.20 N4947.85 E00833.35 434ft

WIL VOR/DME 110.80 N4739.35 E00746.70 198ft

SFG VOR/DME 109.4 N4933.34 E00718.77 347ft

QLO VOR/DME 115.20 N4858.40 E00643.00 263ft

DGH NDB(LOM) 328.0 N4845.95 E00804.30

NMQ VOR/DME 113.70 N4842.92 E00758.28 412ft

JIA NDB 340.0 N5002.10 E00739.60

FFT VOR/DME 116.10 N4823.00 E00838.80 372ft

HQL NDB 370.0 N4952.00 E00921.00

GWR NDB 325.0 N4924.40 E00840.85

JZX NDB 428.0 N4934.00 E00803.00

AAP VOR 113.50 N4753.85 E00634.25

AAP NDB 419.0 N4753.85 E00634.25

NNR NDB 450.0 N4821.50 E00748.50

LOR VOR/DME 110.60 N4934.00 E00828.00 245ft

LOR NDB 396.0 N4934.00 E00828.00

SPL VOR 114.20 N5002.00 E00836.75

DLW NDB 368.0 N4940.80 E00621.40

SSK VOR/DME 113.20 N5023.00 E00915.30 218ft

JUS NDB 420.0 N5016.45 E00708.20

LAU VOR 109.20 N4854.90 E00920.50

UKM NDB 348.0 N4733.40 E00657.10

DLX VOR/DME 112.50 N4837.20 E00915.60 287ft

TTM NDB 373.0 N4751.00 E00825.80

XDL VOR/DME 115.60 N4830.30 E00734.40 185ft

DDU NDB 331.0 N5022.15 E00718.90

BHK VOR/DME 116.70 N5015.55 E00809.75 346ft

SLW VOR/DME 113.80 N4913.20 E00707.00 208ft

WKP VOR 116.20 N4910.00 E00816.20

STH VOR 117.70 N5016.55 E00851.38

HWL VOR 113.00 N4951.10 E00722.20

HWL NDB 322.0 N4951.10 E00722.20

KQL VOR 108.60 N4927.15 E00622.30

FFH NDB 470.0 N4958.00 E00809.00

ERY NDB 356.00 N4858.90 E00655.00

JEZ VOR/DME 116.40 N4738.00 E00911.75 201ft

JEZ NDB 468.0 N4738.00 E00911.75

XYS VOR/DME 115.30 N5001.00 E00631.90 519ft

LSU VOR/DME 115.50 N4954.35 E00902.65 512ft

VEK NDB(LOM) 332.0 N4839.30 E00752.10

AIN VOR/DME 115.90 N4859.60 E00835.10 384ft

CTK NDB(LOM) 353.0 N4826.20 E00706.70

CTW NDB(LOM) 393.0 N4825.80 E00652.75

The Cross Country Exercise - Leg One Excercise Aims Leg l Primary: To fly the leg using the departure VOR/DME - CCT and the destination VOR/DME - HWL as the primary radio navigation aids. Secondary: During the passage of the flight to use the ADF to observe the bearings from adjacent NDB's - FFH - JZX - JIA – HWL

Flight Procedure Leg One:

Start Position and Initial Navaids Selections:

Select NAVl and set the 279° radial on the VOR indicator, if the OFF FLAG is displayed, the aircraft is still overhead the VOR/DME - CCT. Wait until FROM (FM) appears on the indicator, and alter heading to centre the VOR deviation needle as required. Maintain the 279° radial FROM VOR - CCT, until the DME range is 25nm, then select NAV2. The VOR indicator will now show a TO indication, since it is now selected to VOR - HWL. Adjust the heading to centre the deviation needle, and maintain the 279° radial until overhead VOR - HWL. When the OFF FLAG appears the aircraft will be very close to overhead VOR - HWL. At this point commence a RATE 1 turn to port, to rollout on 192° to start LEG 2.

During the passage of the flight to use the ADF, first as an RBI, and then as an RMI, to observe the bearings from adjacent NDB's - JZX - FFH - JIA - HWL

Position N4947.51 E00833.21 Overhead VOR/DME CCT

Heading 279°

Altitude 4000ft

Speed 90kts

NAV1 112.20 VOR CCT

NAV2 113.00 VOR HWL

DME NAV1 DME CCT

ADF 428.0 NDB JZX

The Cross Country Exercise - Leg Two

Excercise Aims Leg Two Primary: To fly from overhead VOR/NDB - HWL on a designated radial, and to use an intercepted radial from VOR - WKP as a turning point, thereafter maintaining the intercepted radial until overhead VOR - WKP. Secondary: When flying the intercepted radial to VOR - WKP to observe the bearings from NDB's - JZX - HWL - VEK - ERY and to obtain a fix using multiple NDB bearings, using both RBI and RMI systems.

Flight Procedure Leg Two:

When the turn is complete descend to 4000 ft, and set the 192° Radial on the VOR indicator, which will now show a FROM (FM) indication. Centre the VOR deviation needle and maintain the 192° Radial from VOR - HWL. After passing overhead Alpha Field, tune NAVl to VOR - WKP, this will be used to provide a radial intercept, at the waypoint Golf Select NAVl and set the 120° radial on the VOR indicator, and observe that the deviation needle is left of centre, and that TO is displayed. Maintain the current heading and watch the deviation needle move slowly towards the centre of the indicator. When it reaches the centre the 120° radial will have been intercepted, and the aircraft will be positioned, at Waypoint GOLF, on the 120° radial TO the VOR - WKP. Execute a port RATE 1 turn onto the 120° radial. Continue to maintain the 120° radial until overhead VOR WKP. When the VOR indicator OFF FLAG appears, commence a starboard RATE 1 turn onto 203° to commence Leg 3.

The Cross Country Exercise - Leg Three

Excercise Aims Leg Three Prlmary: To fly from overhead VOR - WKP using the ADF, (In both RBI and RMI modes), as the primary navigation aid, homing first to NDB - DGH then to NDB - NNR. On arrival overhead NDB NNR, enter the holding pattern and complete two orbits. Secondary: Use the VOR - WKP, selected to radial 023° (TO), and observe the 'reversal' of the VOR deviation needle indications, when heading on the reciprocal of a selected radial. Deviate up to ten degrees port and starboard of the planned track to observe these effects. Regain the planned track before arriving overhead NDB - DGH. Practice radial intercepts from VOR - FFT and VOR - QLO whilst homing to NDB - NNR.

Flight Procedure Leg Three:

When the turn onto 203° is complete commence a climb to 6000 ft. Tune the ADF receiver to NDB - DGH, and observe the ADF relative bearing pointer, then observe the RMI magnetic bearings. Re-select the ADF RBI mode and Calculate the magnetic heading required to fly to NDB - DGH. (Add DI heading to ADF relative bearing to find the QDM (deduct 360° if the sum exeeded 360°). Fly to overhead NDB - DGH using the ADF. When overhead NDB - DGH, retune the ADF receiver to NDB - NNR, and continue direct to NDB - NNR using the ADF. Check the excercise chart to confirm the orientation of the holding pattern for NDB - NNR. Using that information and the sector entry procedures for holding patterns, enter the hold when overhead NDB - NNR and complete two orbits. During the holds observe the aircraft track plot, when overhead the NDB - NNR, execute a RATE 1 turn right onto 275°, to complete the final leg.

The Cross Country Exercise - Leg Four

Excercise Aims Leg Four Primary: After completing the Hold on NDB - NNR to then depart NDB - NNR using the ADF as the primary navigation aid, using both RBI and RMI modes. Use VOR - QLO to provide two radial intercepts, the second intercept being the turning point. Thereafter to fly the intercepted radial until NDB - ERY bears 030° relative. Turn onto the NDB bearing and home to NDB - ERY using the ADF. Enter the Holding pattern at NDB - ERY and complete two orbits before terminating the excercise. Secondary: Use the ADF in RMI mode to observe its operation. Observe DME ranging from adjacent VOR/DME beacons

Flight Procedure Leg Four:

When the turn onto 275° is completed, climb to 6500ft. Select and tune NAV1 to VOR/DME - QLO. This VOR will be used to provide two radial intercepts, whilst maintaining NDB - NNR on 180° relative using the ADF in RBI mode. Set up the first intercept radial of 330° on the VOR indicator. The deviation needle will be to the right of centre and 'TO' will be indicated. This will be used as a VOR/DME intercept. Fly this leg using the ADF selected to NDB - NNR.

Whilst in passage, set VOR/DME XDL on NAV2, and for practice, set the OBS intially to 340° and conduct several VOR radial intercepts approximately every 20 degrees of passage.( See Chart ). Observe the fairly constant DME range, and the false groundspeed from the DME , since the aircraft is not flying directly toward or away from XDL When the NAV1 VOR deviation needle reaches the centre of the indicator, the 330° TO radial will have been intercepted, observe that the DME range from VOR - QLO is approximately 49nms. (See Chart) Set up the next intercept radial of 000° on the NAV1 VOR indicator, the deviation needle will move to the left of the indicator, and the 'TO' flag will be displayed, and await the intercept.

Whilst in passage use the ADF intially set to CTK followed by CTW, and using both RBI and RMI modes of operation, observe the bearing changes as the aircraft passes by both NDB's in turn. When the deviation needle nears the centre of the indicator, commence a rate 1 turn to starboard, at waypoint XRAY, onto the intercepted 000° radial, and descend to 5000ft. When the turn is complete, maintain the 000° radial to VOR - QLO. Tune the ADF receiver to NDB - ERY. When the ADF relative bearing approaches 030°, and as a cross check, when the DME range to VOR/DME - QLO is 19 nms turn right, at waypoint ZULU, and home to NDB - ERY using the ADF. Check the Exercise area chart to confirm the orientation of the holding pattern for NDB - ERY. Using that information, and the sector entry procedures for holding patterns, enter the hold when on top NDB - ERY and complete two orbits before terminating the exercise. The format of the cross country excercise lends itself to be used as a basic route, from which deviations may be made to complete User choice activities.