THE THIRTEEN COLONIES Characteristics of the colonies- Colonial governments, religious beliefs, and...
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Transcript of THE THIRTEEN COLONIES Characteristics of the colonies- Colonial governments, religious beliefs, and...
THE THIRTEEN THE THIRTEEN COLONIESCOLONIES
Characteristics of the colonies-Characteristics of the colonies-Colonial governments, religious beliefs, and Colonial governments, religious beliefs, and
social patternssocial patterns
Sir Walter Raleigh Sir Walter Raleigh
• Named the land in North America he Named the land in North America he claimed for England Virginia claimed for England Virginia
For Queen Elizabeth-the “virgin queen” For Queen Elizabeth-the “virgin queen”
• Planted the first English Colony on Planted the first English Colony on Roanoke Island (off the coast of what is Roanoke Island (off the coast of what is now North Carolina)now North Carolina)
Joint Stock Company Joint Stock Company • originally funded and originally funded and
maintained English coloniesmaintained English colonies
• Several investors who pooled Several investors who pooled their wealth in support of a their wealth in support of a colony colony
• Business venture for profitBusiness venture for profit
Vocabulary---Vocabulary---
CHARTERCHARTER
• an official permit to start a an official permit to start a colony from the English colony from the English
monarch who was entitled to a monarch who was entitled to a portion of the profits portion of the profits
Vocabulary---Vocabulary---
Proprietor Proprietor
• Owners of colonies who expected Owners of colonies who expected the people who lived on their the people who lived on their land to pay them a tax called a land to pay them a tax called a “quit rent”. “quit rent”.
Vocabulary---Vocabulary---
COLONY # 1COLONY # 1VIRGINIA VIRGINIA
FIRST LASTING SETTLEMENTFIRST LASTING SETTLEMENT•Jamestown Jamestown
FOUNDED FOUNDED •16071607
LEADERLEADER•John SmithJohn Smith
(Virginia Company) (Virginia Company) • Joint Stock Company that funded Joint Stock Company that funded
the settlement of Jamestownthe settlement of Jamestown
• Charter from King James I Charter from King James I Jamestown, James River , etc… Jamestown, James River , etc… named for the king named for the king
COLONY # 1COLONY # 1VIRGINIA VIRGINIA
A familiar Name from A familiar Name from John Smith John Smith• Became a leader of the Jamestown colony Became a leader of the Jamestown colony
its first winter at age 28its first winter at age 28• ““If any would not work, neither should he If any would not work, neither should he
eat.” eat.” • Developed a relationship with the Developed a relationship with the
Powhatan tribe Powhatan tribe • Left Jamestown 1607 :Left Jamestown 1607 : gunpowder accident gunpowder accident
VIRGINIA VIRGINIA
The Starving Time :The Starving Time :1609-101609-10 • 1609 – 600 new colonists 1609 – 600 new colonists
• 1610- only 60 survive 1610- only 60 survive
• Some accounts of cannibalismSome accounts of cannibalism• ““sharp prick of hunger which no man sharp prick of hunger which no man
can truly describe but he who hath tasted can truly describe but he who hath tasted the bitterness thereof.”- the bitterness thereof.”- CAPTAIN GEORGE PERCY CAPTAIN GEORGE PERCY
––governor of Jamestowngovernor of Jamestown
VIRGINIA VIRGINIA
Pocohantas Pocohantas
• daughter of Chief Powhatan daughter of Chief Powhatan
• defends the life of John Smith defends the life of John Smith
• marries John Rolfemarries John Rolfe
VIRGINIA VIRGINIA
John RolfeJohn Rolfe
• Created a strain of tobacco that could Created a strain of tobacco that could become a cash crop for the Jamestown become a cash crop for the Jamestown colonistscolonists
1619: The House of Burgesses 1619: The House of Burgesses • An elected legislative bodyAn elected legislative body• Burgess = a person invested with all the Burgess = a person invested with all the
privileges of a citizenprivileges of a citizen• Male landowners over age 17 eligible to Male landowners over age 17 eligible to
vote for representatives vote for representatives • Any decision required the approval of the Any decision required the approval of the
Virginia Company in London Virginia Company in London • First seed of American democracy First seed of American democracy
VIRGINIA VIRGINIA
COLONY # 2 COLONY # 2 MASSACHUSETTSMASSACHUSETTS
FIRST SETTLEMENTFIRST SETTLEMENT•Plymouth Plymouth
FOUNDED FOUNDED • 16201620
English ReformationEnglish Reformation• 1616thth century movement for religious reform century movement for religious reform
• Led to the founding of churches that Led to the founding of churches that rejected the Pope’s authority rejected the Pope’s authority
• Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church and formed the Church of England and formed the Church of England (Anglican Church)(Anglican Church)
COLONY # 2 COLONY # 2 MASSACHUSETTSMASSACHUSETTS
PuritansPuritans
• A group in England who A group in England who wanted to reform the Church wanted to reform the Church of Englandof England
• Wanted to eliminate all traces Wanted to eliminate all traces of Roman Catholicismof Roman Catholicism
MASSACHUSETTSMASSACHUSETTS
SeparatistsSeparatists
• Puritans who opposed those Puritans who opposed those who wanted to reform the who wanted to reform the Church of England from within Church of England from within and wanted to form their own and wanted to form their own separate congregationsseparate congregations
MASSACHUSETTSMASSACHUSETTS
PilgrimsPilgrims• Separatists who fled England to Separatists who fled England to
escape persecution escape persecution
HollandHolland
North America North America
MASSACHUSETTSMASSACHUSETTS
Mayflower Compact Mayflower Compact
• 16201620
• Considered the first written constitution in Considered the first written constitution in North America North America
• Radical ideaRadical ideaGovernment depends on the consent of the Government depends on the consent of the governedgoverned
MASSACHUSETTSMASSACHUSETTS
• SECOND SETTLEMENTSECOND SETTLEMENTBOSTON BOSTON
• FOUNDED FOUNDED 16301630
• LEADER LEADER
JOHN WINTHROPJOHN WINTHROP
MASSACHUSETTSMASSACHUSETTS
Great Puritan MigrationGreat Puritan Migration
• 1629-1642 1629-1642
• Over 14,000 settlers , mainly Puritans , Over 14,000 settlers , mainly Puritans , arrived brought over by the Massachusetts arrived brought over by the Massachusetts Bay Company fleeing religious persecution Bay Company fleeing religious persecution against Puritans under King Charles I against Puritans under King Charles I
• Plymouth Colony incorporated into the Plymouth Colony incorporated into the Massachusetts Bay Colony Massachusetts Bay Colony
MASSACHUSETTSMASSACHUSETTS
Colonial GovernmentColonial Governmentin the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the Massachusetts Bay Colony
General General CourtCourt
• Lawmaking body Lawmaking body which chose the which chose the
colonial governorcolonial governor
FreemanFreeman• Only stockholders in MBC Only stockholders in MBC
and “the elect” - all adult and “the elect” - all adult male members of the Puritan male members of the Puritan Church - could vote Church - could vote
• No separation of church and No separation of church and statestate
• Theocracy Theocracy Laws based on the Puritan Laws based on the Puritan religion religion
No tolerance for religious No tolerance for religious dissentdissent
COLONY # 3COLONY # 3NEW HAMPSHIRENEW HAMPSHIRE
FIRST SETTLEMENT FIRST SETTLEMENT ExeterExeter
FOUNDEDFOUNDED16231623
LEADERLEADERJohn WheelwrightJohn Wheelwright
COLONYCOLONY # 4# 4CONNECTICUTCONNECTICUT
FIRST SETTLEMENTFIRST SETTLEMENTHartford Hartford
FOUNDEDFOUNDED16361636
LEADERLEADERThomas HookerThomas Hooker
Fundamental OrdersFundamental Orders
• 16391639
• A constitution governing colonial A constitution governing colonial Connecticut Connecticut
• Establishing a democratic state Establishing a democratic state controlled by “substantial” citizenscontrolled by “substantial” citizens
CONNECTICUTCONNECTICUT
COLONY # 5COLONY # 5
MARYLANDMARYLANDFIRST SETTLEMENT FIRST SETTLEMENT
St. Mary’s St. Mary’s
FOUNDEDFOUNDED16321632
LEADERLEADERGeorge Calvert –the first Lord BaltimoreGeorge Calvert –the first Lord Baltimore
Lord BaltimoreLord Baltimore
• Catholic EnglishmanCatholic Englishman
• Founded the Maryland colony on the Founded the Maryland colony on the idea of religious freedom where idea of religious freedom where Protestants and Catholics could live Protestants and Catholics could live together in peace together in peace
MARYLANDMARYLAND
Maryland Act of TolerationMaryland Act of Toleration• Landmark act passed by the Maryland Landmark act passed by the Maryland
assembly assembly • Guaranteed freedom of religion ( but only Guaranteed freedom of religion ( but only
for Christians ) for Christians ) Radical idea at this timeRadical idea at this time
• The penalty for anyone who did not believe The penalty for anyone who did not believe in Christ was to be hangedin Christ was to be hanged
No toleration for Jews, atheists, muslims, etc… No toleration for Jews, atheists, muslims, etc…
COLONY # 6COLONY # 6RHODE ISLANDRHODE ISLAND
FIRST SETTLEMENT FIRST SETTLEMENT ProvidenceProvidence
FOUNDEDFOUNDED16361636
LEADERLEADERRoger WilliamsRoger Williams
Roger WilliamsRoger Williams
• Puritan who was tolerant of other religionsPuritan who was tolerant of other religionsDid not believe in killing or punishing people in Did not believe in killing or punishing people in the name of Christianitythe name of Christianity
• Did not believe in a tax supported churchDid not believe in a tax supported churchSupported separation of church and stateSupported separation of church and state
• Indian land should be paid for Indian land should be paid for
• Banished from MBC for his beliefsBanished from MBC for his beliefs
RHODE ISLANDRHODE ISLAND
Roger WilliamsRoger Williams• Started a colony called Providence which Started a colony called Providence which
would become RIwould become RI• Bought land from the Native Americans to Bought land from the Native Americans to
start the colony start the colony Narranganset Indians helped him when he was Narranganset Indians helped him when he was banishedbanished
• Based on “freedom of conscience” Based on “freedom of conscience” Attracted Quakers, Catholics, Jews Attracted Quakers, Catholics, Jews
RHODE ISLANDRHODE ISLAND
Ann HutchinsonAnn Hutchinson
• Religious dissenter (like Roger Religious dissenter (like Roger Williams) Williams)
• Put on trial for her beliefsPut on trial for her beliefs
• Banished from the MBC Banished from the MBC
• Fled to RI and later to NYFled to RI and later to NY
RHODE ISLANDRHODE ISLAND
COLONY # 7COLONY # 7DELEWAREDELEWARE
FIRST SETTLEMENT FIRST SETTLEMENT WilmingtonWilmington
FOUNDEDFOUNDED16381638
LEADERLEADERPeter MinuitPeter Minuit
COLONY # 8COLONY # 8NORTH CAROLINANORTH CAROLINA
FIRST SETTLEMENT FIRST SETTLEMENT Albemarie County Albemarie County
FOUNDEDFOUNDED16631663
LEADERLEADERGroup of eight proprietors Group of eight proprietors
COLONY # 9COLONY # 9SOUTH CAROLINASOUTH CAROLINA
FIRST SETTLEMENT FIRST SETTLEMENT Charles Town (later Charleston)Charles Town (later Charleston)
FOUNDEDFOUNDED16631663
LEADERLEADERGroup of eight proprietors Group of eight proprietors
COLONY # 10COLONY # 10NEW YORKNEW YORK
FIRST SETTLEMENTFIRST SETTLEMENTNew York New York
FOUNDEDFOUNDED16641664
LEADERLEADERPeter MinuitPeter Minuit
Henry Hudson Henry Hudson • Dutch explorer searching for the Northwest Dutch explorer searching for the Northwest
Passage Passage • Land in North America he claimed for Holland Land in North America he claimed for Holland
called New Netherlandscalled New Netherlands
NEW YORKNEW YORK
Dutch West India Company Dutch West India Company • The business that owned most of Holland’s The business that owned most of Holland’s
coloniescoloniesFur trading Fur trading
More interested in its colonies in IndiaMore interested in its colonies in India
Peter StuyvesantPeter Stuyvesant• Dutch governor of New NetherlandsDutch governor of New Netherlands
NEW YORKNEW YORK
1664 –British take New Netherlands1664 –British take New Netherlands• from Holland without firing a shot from Holland without firing a shot
• Given to the Duke of York by the King of Given to the Duke of York by the King of England (his brother)England (his brother)
• renamed it New Yorkrenamed it New York
COLONY # 11COLONY # 11NEW JERSEYNEW JERSEY
FIRST SETTLEMENT FIRST SETTLEMENT East Jersey – CarteretEast Jersey – CarteretWest Jersey – Salem West Jersey – Salem
FOUNDEDFOUNDED16641664
LEADERLEADERLord Berkeley Lord Berkeley Sir CarteretSir Carteret
COLONY # 12COLONY # 12PENNSYLVANIAPENNSYLVANIA
FIRST SETTLEMENT FIRST SETTLEMENT PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia
FOUNDEDFOUNDED16811681
LEADERLEADERWilliam PennWilliam Penn
COLONY # 13COLONY # 13GEORGIAGEORGIA
FIRST SETTLEMENT FIRST SETTLEMENT Savannah Savannah
FOUNDEDFOUNDED17321732
LEADERLEADERJames Oglethorpe James Oglethorpe
James Ogelthorpe James Ogelthorpe • Wanted to create a colony where debtors Wanted to create a colony where debtors
could go instead of going to jail could go instead of going to jail Debtors ended up being only a small percentage Debtors ended up being only a small percentage of the actual settlersof the actual settlers
• The buffer colony The buffer colony from Spanish colonies south (Florida)from Spanish colonies south (Florida)
From French claims west (Louisiana)From French claims west (Louisiana)
GEORGIAGEORGIA