The Third Century: Crisis or Transition?
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Transcript of The Third Century: Crisis or Transition?
The Third Century: Crisis or Transition?
The Third Century: Crisis or Transition?
I. Interrelated Crises
The Third Century: Crisis or Transition?
I. Interrelated Crises
A. Imperial Turnover: From military monarchy to military anarchy
Marcus Aurelius (161-180 CE)
Stereotypical “good emperor”
Where things begin to go wrong: His incompetent son, Commodus (180-192),(featured in the recent film Gladiator)
Another of the “bad” emperors: Carcalla (211-217 CE)
Damnatio Memoriae: Carcalla "erases" his brother Geta
Maximinus Thrax (235-238)First of the "Soldier Emperors" (235-284)
The Third Century: Crisis or Transition
I. Interrelated Crises
A. Imperial Turnover: From military monarchy to military anarchy
B. Constant Warfare
The Third Century: Crisis or Transition
I. Interrelated Crises
A. Imperial Turnover: From military monarchy to military anarchy
B. Constant Warfare
1. Persians in the East
2. Germans in the north & west
The Persian King Shapur captures the Roman Emperor Valerian, without even unsheathing his sword (260 AD):
Emperor Valerian (253-260), captured and bowing before the Persian king, Shapur I
The Third Century: Crisis or Transition?
I. Interrelated Crises
A. Imperial Turnover: From military monarchy to military anarchy
B. Constant Warfare
1. Persians in the East
2. Germans in the north & west
Decius, 249-251
The Third Century: Crisis or Transition?
I. Interrelated Crises
A. Imperial Turnover: From military monarchy to military anarchy
B. Constant Warfare
1. Persians in the East
2. Germans in the north & west
C. Growth of the Army
The Third Century: Crisis or Transition?
I. Interrelated Crises
A. Imperial Turnover: From military monarchy to military anarchy
B. Constant Warfare
1. Persians in the East
2. Germans in the north & west
C. Growth of the Army
D. Economic Plight: Debasement of the Coinage
Silver Denarii: TRAJANUS DECIUS 249–251 AD
Reverse: Dacia standing left holding staff with head of ass
The Third Century: Crisis or Transition?
I. Interrelated Crises
A. Imperial Turnover: From military monarchy to military anarchy
B. Constant Warfare
1. Persians in the East
2. Germans in the north & west
C. Growth of the Army
D. Economic Plight: Debasement of the Coinage
II. Crisis or Transition?
Roman Assimilation:Syrian Romans
Egyptian Romans
Jewish Romans
The Third Century: Crisis or Transition?
I. Interrelated Crises
A. Imperial Turnover: From military monarchy to military anarchy
B. Constant Warfare
1. Persians in the East
2. Germans in the north & west
C. Growth of the Army
D. Economic Plight: Debasement of the Coinage
II. Crisis or Transition?