The theory of partitions. n = n 1 + n 2 + … + n i 7 = 3 + 2 + 2 7 = 4 + 2 + 1.
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Transcript of The theory of partitions. n = n 1 + n 2 + … + n i 7 = 3 + 2 + 2 7 = 4 + 2 + 1.
![Page 1: The theory of partitions. n = n 1 + n 2 + … + n i 7 = 3 + 2 + 2 7 = 4 + 2 + 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081419/5a4d1b677f8b9ab0599b157f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The theory of partitions
![Page 2: The theory of partitions. n = n 1 + n 2 + … + n i 7 = 3 + 2 + 2 7 = 4 + 2 + 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081419/5a4d1b677f8b9ab0599b157f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
n = n1 + n2 + … + ni
7 = 3 + 2 + 2
7 = 4 + 2 + 1
![Page 3: The theory of partitions. n = n 1 + n 2 + … + n i 7 = 3 + 2 + 2 7 = 4 + 2 + 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081419/5a4d1b677f8b9ab0599b157f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
5 5 113 + + + +
5
2+
3+
3+
2+
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p(n) = the number of partitions of n
p(1) = 1 1p(2) = 2 2, 1+1p(3) = 3 3, 2+1, 1+1+1p(4) = 5 4, 3+1, 2+2, 2+1+1, 1+1+1+1p(5) = 7 5, 4+1, 3+2, 3+1+1, 2+2+1,
2+1+1+1, 1+1+1+1+1
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p(10) = 42
p(13) = 101
p(22) = 1002
p(33) = 10143
p(100) = 190569292 ≈ 1.9 x 108
p(500) = 2300165032574323995027 ≈ 2.3 x 1021
![Page 6: The theory of partitions. n = n 1 + n 2 + … + n i 7 = 3 + 2 + 2 7 = 4 + 2 + 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081419/5a4d1b677f8b9ab0599b157f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How big is p(n)?
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)1)(1)(1(
11 321 xxx
xnp n
![Page 8: The theory of partitions. n = n 1 + n 2 + … + n i 7 = 3 + 2 + 2 7 = 4 + 2 + 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081419/5a4d1b677f8b9ab0599b157f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
(1+x1+x1+1+x1+1+1+…)(1+x2+x2+2+x2+2+2+…)(1+x3+x3+3+x3+3+3+…) (1+x4+x4+4+x4+4+4+…) …
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2)13(1
2)13(1521 11 kknpkknpnpnpnpnp kk
p(15) = p(14) + p(13) – p(10) – p(8) + p(3) + p(0)
= 135 + 101 – 42 – 22 + 3 + 1
= 176
![Page 10: The theory of partitions. n = n 1 + n 2 + … + n i 7 = 3 + 2 + 2 7 = 4 + 2 + 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081419/5a4d1b677f8b9ab0599b157f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
34
32exp
~n
n
np
n as
![Page 11: The theory of partitions. n = n 1 + n 2 + … + n i 7 = 3 + 2 + 2 7 = 4 + 2 + 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081419/5a4d1b677f8b9ab0599b157f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
graph
Value of asymptotic formula Value of p(n)
![Page 12: The theory of partitions. n = n 1 + n 2 + … + n i 7 = 3 + 2 + 2 7 = 4 + 2 + 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081419/5a4d1b677f8b9ab0599b157f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
nx
kk
x
xk
dxdknAnp
1
241
241
32sinh
21
1),(mod
,2exp
khkh
k khsiknihnA
1
1 21
21
,k
i khi
khi
ki
ki
khs
where
and
![Page 13: The theory of partitions. n = n 1 + n 2 + … + n i 7 = 3 + 2 + 2 7 = 4 + 2 + 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081419/5a4d1b677f8b9ab0599b157f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
3 972 998 993 185.896+ 36 282.978
- 87.555+ 5.147+ 1.424+ 0.071+ 0.000
+ 0.0433 972 999 029 388.004
p(200) = 3 972 999 029 388
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Congruence properties of p(n)
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p(1) 1 p(11) 56 p(21) 792p(2) 2 p(12) 77 p(22) 1002p(3) 3 p(13) 101 p(23) 1255p(4) 5 p(14) 135 p(24) 1575p(5) 7 p(15) 176 p(25) 1958p(6) 11 p(16) 231 p(26) 2436p(7) 15 p(17) 297 p(27) 3010p(8) 22 p(18) 385 p(28) 3718p(9) 30 p(19) 490 p(29) 4565
p(10) 42 p(20) 627 p(30) 5604
p(5k + 4) ≡ 0 (mod5)p(7k + 5) ≡ 0 (mod7)
p(11k + 6) ≡ 0 (mod11)p(13k + 7) ≡ 0 (mod13) ?p(13k + 7) ≡ 0 (mod13)
![Page 16: The theory of partitions. n = n 1 + n 2 + … + n i 7 = 3 + 2 + 2 7 = 4 + 2 + 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081419/5a4d1b677f8b9ab0599b157f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
p(48037937k + 112838) ≡ 0 (mod17)
![Page 17: The theory of partitions. n = n 1 + n 2 + … + n i 7 = 3 + 2 + 2 7 = 4 + 2 + 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081419/5a4d1b677f8b9ab0599b157f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
cba 1175 mod124
cb
akp 1175mod0 22
If and
then
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![Page 19: The theory of partitions. n = n 1 + n 2 + … + n i 7 = 3 + 2 + 2 7 = 4 + 2 + 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081419/5a4d1b677f8b9ab0599b157f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
What is the parity of p(n)?
Are there infinitely many integers n for which p(n) is prime?
![Page 20: The theory of partitions. n = n 1 + n 2 + … + n i 7 = 3 + 2 + 2 7 = 4 + 2 + 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081419/5a4d1b677f8b9ab0599b157f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)