The Theory and Application of Surface Plasmon

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The theory and application of

surface plasmon

Speaker: Yi-Tsung Chang Ph.D


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Outline

Introduction of surface plasmon Fundamental studies of surface plasmon

Bragg scattering of surface plasmon polaritons on extraordinarytransmission through Al (Ag) film perforated with periodic hole arraysand random distribution hole

Dispersion of surface plasmon polaritons on Al (Ag) film withhole arrays

Introduction of plasmonic thermal emitter Infrared thermal emitter

High performance mid-infrared narrow-band plasmonic thermal emitterTwo color squared-lattice plasmonic thermal emitterThe coupling characteristics between surface plasmon on top andbottom metals of infrared plasmonic thermal emitter

Conclusions


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Applications

Thermal emitter

QDIP

LED

Filter

Bio-plasmonic Sensitive imaging system

Waveguide


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Theory of SP on planar metal

Dispersion relation of SPsField distribution of SPs


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Theory of SP on periodic hole structure


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Theory of SP on periodic holes array

2/12/1

22 )(3

4

+

++=

md

mdsp nmnma

For normally incident light

aGGyx

2==

rr

(A) Square lat t ice

(B) Hexagonal lat t ice

+= yx

aGX

rr

r

2

1

2

3

3

4y

aG

y

r

r

3

4=

2/1

2/122 )(

++=

md

mdsp nma


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Example

2/12/1

22

max )(

3

4

+

+=

md

mdnmnma

yxxsp GnGmkk =

1=air

m16at1069.14 =Al9.11=si

Momentum conservation law

For normally incident

+= y2

1x

2

3

a3

4GX

rr

r

ya3

4Gy

r

r

=md

mdspk

+=

air/Al interface

Al/Si interfaceairAl

Si

SPs occurredAs a = 5 m

air/Al Interface max (1, 0) 4.33 m

Al/Si interface max (1, 0) 15 m


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The momentum conservation law of SPs

Squared holes arrayHexagonal holes array


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Structure 1 Hexagonally-ordered aluminum holes array

Top v iew Side view


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Structure 2 - superperiodic microcell arrays

(a) (b) (c)

Top view

Side view


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Structure 3 - random distribution of holes

10 m

Hole

Al

Top view Side view


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Structure 4 - random distribution of micro-cells

( c)

a = 7 mr = 1 m

(d)

Mix

(b)

a = 5 mr = 1 m

(a)

a = 3 mr = 1 m

Top view


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Structure 1 - hexagonally-ordered holes array

mnmnmamd

md

15)(3

4valuelTheoretica

2/12/1

22

max

+

++=

Transmission spectra and dispersion relations

(a) (b)


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(e) ( f )



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Al/Si structure square lattice array of large area

a

r

a = 5, 6, 7 m

r = 2 m


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Al/Si structure Transmission spectra

a( m)

sp

( m)

5 17.3

6 20.7

7 24.2

2/1

2/122 )(

+

+=

md

mdsp nma


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Squared holes array a = 5 m r = 2 m


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(-1, 0) Ag/Si

(0, 1) Ag/Si

(1, 0) Ag/Si

(-1, 1) Ag/Si

(1, 1) Ag/Si

(-1, 0) air/Ag



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Structures 2 superperiodic microcell arrays

p = 16, 17,1 8 ,19, 20

and 21 m

Total: 6 set s

p = 21, 22, 23 , and 24 m

Tot al: 4 set s

Top view

p = 26, 27, and 28 m

Tot al: 3 set s


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Fabry-Perot type waveguide resonancesFabry-Perot Etalon

Micro-cell array

T i


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3X3 micro-cell

Unit:m

T: theoretical value; M: experimental value; x: disappear

Order 3 (p/3) Order 4 (p/4) Order 5 (p/5)3x3 micro-cell

superperiod T M T M T M

P = 16 18.4 18.5 13.8 x 11 10.9

P = 17 19.6 19.8 14.7 14.8 11.7 11.8

P = 18 20.7 20.6 15.5 15.7 12.4 12.8

P = 19 21.9 21.8 16.4 16.6 13.1 13.2

P = 20 23 x 17.3 17.4 13.8 14

P = 21 24.2 x 18.1 18.2 14.5 14.6

Top view

2/1

2/122' )(

++=

md

mdsp nma

a

= p/d = p/average hole period

Top view


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4X4 m icro-cell

Unit:m


Order 4 Order 5 Order 64x4 micro-cell

superperiod T M T M T M

P = 21 18.1 18.4 14.5 14.6 12.1 11.4

P = 22 19 19.3 15.2 15.4 12.7 12

P = 23 19.8 20 15.9 16 13.2 12.5

P = 24 20.7 20.6 16.6 16.8 13.8 13

Top view

2/1

2/122' )(

++=

md

mdsp nma

a = p/d = p/average hole period


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5X5 m icro-cell

Unit:m

Order 5 Order 6 Order 75x5 micro-

cellsuperperiod

T M T M T M

P = 26 18 18.3 15 14.1 12.8 x

P = 27 18.6 18.7 15.5 15.7 13.3 13.4

P = 28 19.3 19.3 16.1 16.2 13.8 13.8


2/1

2/122' )(

+

+=

md

mdsp nma

a = p/d = p/average hole period

Top view


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Microcell structure with incident light of x-polarized

kspG

kx(0,0)

(0,1)

(0,-1)

(1,0)X-polarized


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Squared lattice

X-polarized

(-1,0) Ag/Si

(1,0) Ag/Si

(-1, 1) Ag/Si

(1, 1) Ag/Si

Un-polarized

a = 5 m r = 1 m

Top view


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Micro-cell

X-polarized Un-polarized

a = 5 m r = 1 m

p = 16 m

Top view


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Micro-cell

SP coupling mode


a = 5 m r = 1 m

p = 17 mTop view


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Micro-cell


a = 5 m r = 1 m

p = 18 m

Top view


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Micro-cell


a = 5 m r = 1 m

p = 19 mTop view


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Structure 3 - random distributed holes


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Hole dist r ibut ion and t ransmission spect ra


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Transmission spectra with

randomly arranged hole

S 4


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3 3

Side view

St ructure 4

What random and mixt ure micro-cell

Microcell

16 16

9 9

12 12

(b) a = 5 m r = 1 m

(D) Mix (a = 3, 5 and 7 m r = 1 m)

(a) a = 3 m r = 1 m

(c) a = 7 m r = 1 m

Top view Top view

(c)

(d)

(b)

(a)

St ructure 4


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(c) (d)

a = 7 mr = 1 m

Mix

(b)(a)

Top view

a =3 mr = 1 m

a = 5 mr = 1 m

St ructure 4

random dist ribut ion of micro-cells


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Transmission spectra of random microcell

(B)

a= 5 mr= 1 m

(C)

a= 7 mr= 1 m

(D)Mix

(A)

a= 3 mr= 1 m

47


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(A)

a = 3 m r = 1 m

(B)

A = 5 m r= 1 m

(D) Mix

Transmission spect ra of random microcell

They can be exploited in wavelength-selective infrared devices.


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SPP dispersion relations of sample B


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LED


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QDIP

2 4 6 8 10 12-5

0

5

10

15

20

25a=2.1 m, d=1.2 m

Responsivity(a.u.)

Wavelength ( m)

Patterned

Blank

6.3

metal

QDIP

95


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Plasmonic emitter (1)

Emission spectra of the plasmonic


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Emission spectra of the plasmonic

thermal emitter

Device A, t = 100 nm

)())(3

4( 2

122

dnjijia ++=

of SiO2 =1.38

Hexagonal lattice (a=3 m)

Ag/air(1,0)=2.6 m

Ag/SiO2(1,0)=3.6 m

(1,0)Ag/SiO2

0.48 m

(1,0)Ag/air


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Si

Ag 100 nm

SiO2Ag 200 nm

Ti 20nm

Mo 300nm

Fig. 1


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0 5 10 15 20 250.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

(1,0)

air/Ag

(1,0)

Ag/SiO2

SiO2

Emittanc

e(a.u.)

Wavelength ( m)

Square lattice a = 3 m L = 1.5 m

Temperature (0C)

80

120

180

240

300


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Summary

Hexagonal structure

{ It has been demonstrated that the transmission peak splitsinto two, and this effect is most obvious when the diameter

of the hole is close to half of the lattice constant.

{ The symmetry of the fabricated hexagonal structure isextremely good as transmission peak positions do move asthe sample is rotated around the incident light.

{ At larger incident angles, the six degenerate (1,0) Al/Sisurface plasmon modes split into four or three modesdepending on the symmetry axis.

{ The plasmon dispersion relations - especially those of thehigher order modes are established.

{ As the hole size becomes smaller, higher order SP modestend to appear, thus yielding the complete dispersionrelation between Al and Si surface plasmon polaritons.


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Superperiodic microcell

{ Fabry-Perot type waveguide resonances on Ag film withperforated short-range (where is the number of isolated holes, =3, 4 and 5) hole array arranged in long-range periodic structure,and the dispersion relations of SPP of superperiodic micro-cellarrays have been observed with light of polarized and unpolarized.

{ When the distance between adjacent micro-cells is changed, the(1,0) Ag/Si SP modes of Fabry-Perot type in integer order of asuper-periodic structure are discovered.

{ When the ratio of periodicity between the super structure and themicro-cell increases from 3 to 6, the intensities of the lower orderSP modes gradually declines to zero, simultaneously the higherorder SP modes gradually increases, respectively. This suggeststhat only SP modes with integer value close to the periodicity ratioof super/micro-cell can exist in the super-periodic structure.

Summary


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Random distribution hole

{

It has been demonstrated that the metallic holes with randomdistribution show primary enhanced transmission peaks that arerelated to the 1st nearest neighbor distance in a cluster of disorderedholes. The FWHM of the transmission peak is dependent on the holesize and the number of near neighbor holes. It is broadened when the

hole size increases and the number of neighboring holes decreases.

Random microcell

{ It has been demonstrated that the periodicity of sub-wavelength holesin a random arrangements of micro-cell arrays determines the peakwavelength of the transmission spectrum. The multiple samples allowmulti-peak transmission when micro-cells with different latticeconstants are added, transmitting multicolored light, which can beexploited in wavelength-selective infrared devices.

Summary


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Summary

Good match between experiment and theoreticalvalues represents that when SiO2 layer is thin,strong coupling of SPPs causes neffincrease.

When the central SiO2 layer of the sandwiched

structure is flat without holes, the emissionspectrum is narrower than that of the perforatedone.

Thermal radiation generated in SiO2 layer induced

both top and bottom surface plasmons, the topperiodic metal film acts as a filter.

While the SiO2 layer is thick, cavity modedetermined by waveguide thickness appears on the

emission spectra.

Plasmonic thermal emitter


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The Theory and Application of Surface Plasmon

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