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The Systems Approach

The systems approach tomanagement is more a

perspective for viewing problems

than a school of managementthought.

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Ludwig von Bertalanfy

is recognized as the founder of generalsystem theory. The system approach is

based on the concept that anorganization is a system. A system isdened as a number of interdependentparts functioning as a whole for some

purpose. Here there are vecomponents: inputs, a transformationprocess, outputs, feedback, and theenvironment.

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They viewed organisation as an organicand open system which is composed

of interacting and interdependentparts called subsystems. The systemapproach is top too! uponmanagement as a system or as "an

organised whole# made up of sub$systems integrated into a unity ororderly totality.

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Features of Systems

Approach: %i& A system consists of interacting

elements. 't is set of inter$related andinter$dependent parts arranged in amanner that produces a unied whole.

%ii& The various sub$systems should bestudied in their inter$relationships rather

than in isolation from each other. %iii& An organisational system has a

boundary that determines which parts areinternal and which are e(ternal.

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Features of Systems

Approach: %iv& A system does not e(ist in a

vacuum. 't receives information

material and energy from othersystems as inputs. These inputsundergo a transformation processwithin a system and leave the system

as output to other systems. %v& An organisation is a dynamic

system as it is responsive to its

environment. 't is vulnerable to change

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Open versus closed

systems.According to )udwig von*ertlan+y there are two basic typesof systems: closed systems andopen systems. ,losed system arenot in-uenced by and do not interactwith their environments. pensystems interact with their

environment. All organizations areopen systems although the degreeof interaction may vary.

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The systems approach is veryimportant in general management

analysis. /our especially ideas thathave had substantial impact onmanagement thin!ing are the conceptsof open versus closed systems

subsystems subsystems andinterdependencies synergy andentropy.

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Synergy

Synergy means that the whole isgreater the sum of its parts. Synergy is

an important concept for managers inthat it reinforces the need to wor!together in a cooperative fashion.

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Subsystems

A subsystem is a system within asystem. /rom another perspective

subsystems are parts of a system thatdepend on one another.

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THA23 45 6

7eported by :/chelle Anne 7. 7agotero

8,,9

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7eference:

http:www.yourarticlelibrary.commanagementsystem$approach$to$management$denition$features$and$evaluation;