THE SURPRISING ALL-NATURAL TOXINS IN PLANT FOODS
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THE SURPRISING ALL-NATURAL TOXINS IN PLANT FOODS
Kaayla T. Daniel, PhD, CCNWise Traditions 2009
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PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Beans• Grains• Nuts• Seeds
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PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Nightshade Vegetables• Onions and Garlic• Beets, Turnips,
Rutabagas• Broccoli, Brussels
Sprouts• Sweet potatoes
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PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Lettuce• Spinach • Alfalfa and
Clover
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PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Apples• Strawberries• Grapes
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PROTEASE INHIBITORS
SOYBEANS• More Numerous• More Resistant to
Neutralization
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PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Ivy League Rats at Cornell University
• The Role of Coprophagy in the Prevention of Trypsin Inhibitor Induced Amino Acid Deficiencies
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THE EVOLUTION OF PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Defense against microbes, insects and mammals
• Protection from premature sprouting
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PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Two Main Types
1. Kunitz
2. Bowman-Birk
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PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Hot, but Not Always Uninhibited
• The Effect of Heat, Cooking and other Processes
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PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Balancing Act
• Too Much Cooking vs. Not Enough
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PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• No Rest for the Weary Pancreas
• Hypertrophy • Hyperplasia
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PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Pancreatic Cancer • #4 Cause of Cancer Deaths
Patrick Swayze
Randy Pausch, a professor at Carnegie Mellon
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PROTEASE INHIBITORS
ADDING IT UP
• Soy Formula Fed Infants
• Vegetarians and Vegans
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PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Industry “Tryping”
• Selling Trypsin Inhibitors for Cancer Prevention
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PROTEASE INHIBITORS
“Soybean trypsin inhibitors do in fact pose a potential risk to humans when soy protein is incorporated into the
diet.”
– Irvin E. Liener, PhD, Letter to FDA,1998
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Phytates
Beans Grains Seeds
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PHYTATES
Two Primary Functions:
1. Prevent Premature Germination 2. Storage of Phosphorous
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PHYTATES
Main Benefit to Humans• Safe seed storage over the winterRisks to Human• Bind needed minerals such as calcium, zinc
and iron
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Phytates – Developing World
Phytates are the leading cause of:
• Poor growth• Rickets• Anemia ("iron poor blood")• Immune system breakdown
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Phytates
HEALTH BENEFITS FOR OMNIVORES
• Bind heavy metals such as cadmium • Bind toxic levels of iron
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Phytates
• Spring Detoxification• Unleavened bread before Passover
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Phytates
PHY FUTURES
• Chelators of excess iron• Antioxidants• Cancer fighting
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LECTINS
GLUTENS FOR PUNISHMENTProteins with a Sweet Tooth
• Agglutinate blood -- Glue It Up• Clotting
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LECTINS
Beans Grains Other foods
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Lectins
React with carbohydrate component of cell membranes
• Cell injuries and deaths• Gastrointestinal distress• Immune System Breakdown
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Lectins
IN SOYBEANS
• Symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium bacteria
• Fix nitrogen in the roots of soybean plant• Soybeans excellent for fertilization and crop
rotation
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Lectins
• Largely deactivated by enzymes and cooking• Negative findings from uncooked soyfoods
and animal feed• Problems with processing
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Lectins
Potential problem from:
• High levels "on occasion“• Low levels eaten in large quantities on a
regular basis
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Lectins
• Resist breakdown by digestive enzymes 60% remain biologically active and immunologically intact
• Bind to villi and crypt cells of the small intestine
• Interfere with hormone and growth factor signaling
• Contribute to unfavorable gut flora
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Lectins
• “Leaky Gut Syndrome“• Digestive Distress• Allergies• Immune system breakdown
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Lectins
• Most studies carried out on the highly toxic kidney bean lectin
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Lectins
• Lectins and Your Blood Type
• Eat Right 4 Your Type by Peter J. D'Adamo (1996)
• Why the theory is a little "sticky"
• Why many people nonetheless benefit from the blood type diets
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Lectins
GMO Foods• The research of Dr. Arpad Pusztai
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"Lectins can have serious consequences for growth and health."
-----Arpad Pusztai, PhD
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Saponins
• Soap in Your Mouth • Compounds in plant foods that foam up like
soap suds in water and break down red blood cells
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Saponins
New uses:
• Alfalfa saponins to decrease root rot • Soy saponins as natural herbicides
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Saponins
In mammals linked to: • Poor growth• Bloat• Damage to lining of intestines
But findings are not consistent
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Saponins
• Bind w/ cholesterol • Injuries result in "leaky gut" • Break down red blood cells – hemolysis• Damage digestive enzymes trypsin and
chymotrypsin • May be goitrogenic
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Saponins
The Marketing of Saponins
• A Squeaky Clean New Image and a Promising Pharmaceutical Future
• Saponins "prevent" heart disease by lowering cholesterol
• Saponins "prevent" cancer by binding bile acids
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OXALATES -- CASTING STONES
• Indigestible compounds in foods that prevent the proper absorption of calcium.
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FOODS HIGH IN OXALATES
• Best known foods are Spinach and Rhubarb
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OTHER FOODS HIGH IN OXALATES
• Chocolate• Peanuts • Soy
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Oxalates
Not significantly neutralized by cooking
Linked to: • kidney stones • vulvodynia
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OLIGOSACCHARIDES
THE FLATULENCE FACTOR
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OLIGOSACCHARIDES
The pesky twins • Raffinose• Stachyose
Require the enzyme alpha-galactosidase for proper digestion
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"Beans, beans, the musical fruit"
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Gas producing veggies
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FOR MANY YEARS A BOOMING RESEARCH INDUSTRY
Some Typical Research Study Titles
"Flavor and flatulence factors in soybean protein products."
"Effects of various soybean products on flatulence in the adult man"
"Development of a technique for the in vivo assessment of flatulence in dogs."
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TEST SUBJECTS
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Test Subjects
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Test Subjects
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CONTAINMENT DEVICES
Gas-tight pantaloonsSealed to the skin at the waist and thighs using duct tapeEquipped with two ports
Other Devices
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OBJECTIVE MEASUREMENTS
• Number of incidences per hour and day• Quantities of gas ejected per incident• Proportions of hydrogen, methane, carbon
dioxide, hydrogen sulfide• Propulsion force• Noise levels
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SUBJECTIVE MEASUREMENTS
Odor -- As judged by professional "Odor Judges"
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SOLUTIONS
• Proper Preparation• Soaking• Changes of water• Cooking with carrot, herbs and/or seaweed • Beano • Carminative Herbs
allspice, caraway, cinnamon, cloves, coriander, dill, fennel, garlic, ginger, nutmeg, oregano, peppermint, rosemary, sage, thyme and basil
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SOLUTIONS
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Solutions
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Solutions
• New Improved Low Gas Beans • Hybrids and GMOs • Marketing the Health Benefits of
Oligosaccharides
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NOT TRUSTING THE PROCESS
Food Manufacturing Processes:
High temperatureHigh pressureChemical solventsAcids and alkalisExtruders and other harsh tools
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TOXIC AND CARCINOGENIC RESIDUES
Not just modern soy foods
All highly processed, industrial food products Grains Vegetables Oils Milk Eggs Meat
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NITROSAMINES
• Nitrates• Nitrites• Nitrosamines
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SMOKING GRAS
• How soy protein isolate -- despite its nitrosamines -- achieved GRAS statusand an FDA health claim
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CROSS LINKED AMINO ACIDS
• Unnatural amino acids found in heavily treated proteins
• Lysine to Lysinoalanine• Arginine to Ornithine to Ornithinoalanine
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Adverse effects from Lysinoalanine
Protein digestion• Protein quality• Mineral bioavailability and utilization• Iron levels drop, copper levels increase
Ghulam Sarwar, PhD, Nutrition Research Division, Health Canada, Ottawa
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EXCITOTOXINS• Glutamate• Aspartate
Excitotoxins exist naturally in the body and are normally used by the brain in small, carefully controlled concentrations.
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Problems arise when people eat excessive amounts of highly processed foods
Double whammy from soybeans •Glutamate is formed as a byproduct of processing •Soy protein isolate, hydrolyzed plant protein, textured vegetable protein, vegetable protein etc.
•MSG and other "natural flavorings" are often added to improve taste and smell
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Dangers from excitotoxins increase when 2 or more are present in the same food or when nitrosamines or other toxins are also present
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HETEROCYCLIC AMINESMutagenic and carcinogenic compounds
Not just fried and grilled beef and fish
Formed in any protein industrially treated, protein rich foods
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More HCAs formed at the processing plant than in the home kitchen or barbecue grill.
Modern soy products such as TVP, SPI, SPC and HVP may undergo 3 or more heat treatments before they reach the supermarket
Thus they can carry high levels of HCAs
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EAT HERE, GET GAS!
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Soy Protein Isolate contains residues of 38 petroleum
compounds, including:
Butyl, methyl and ethyl esters of fatty acids Phenols, diphenyls and phenyl esters Abietic acid derivatives, diehydroabietinal, hexanal and 2-butyl-2-octenal alcdehydes Dehudroabietic acid methyl esterDehydroabietene and Abietatriene
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HEXANE
• Organic solvents used by the vegetable industry to extract oil from beans and seeds
• Hexane the most widely used solvent by 1941. Irritates the lungs Depresses the central nervous system
• The oil industry claims that "desolventizing" processes remove hexane residues.The truth is some traces always remain.
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AgeChildren
Boys Girls Men WomenPregnant
1-3 19 g
4-8 25 g
9-13 31 g 26 g
14-18 38 g 26 g
19-30 38 g 25 g 28 g
31-50 38 g 25 g 28 g
51-70 30 g 21 g
Over 70 21 g 21 g
Average recommended fiber intake (grams per day)
These are the standing recommendations from the Food and Nutrition Board, a division of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, which is the body that establishes the nutritional policy guidelines of the U.S. Government
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"I didn’t set out to write it because I was a healthy and vibrant vegetarian, but because a high-fiber, high-carb diet almost killed me." –Konstantin Monastyrsky
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To control lust, Graham prescribed a high-fiber vegetarian diet
Sylvester Graham (1794–1851)
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In 2004 alone, the Kellogg Company spent over $3.5 billion on “promotional expenditures.” No wonder fiber is still on everyone’s mind and in everyone’s stools
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TYPICAL ADVICE ON INCREASING FIBER
• Eat a high fiber cereal or add a few spoonfuls of wheat bran to your cereal
• Add bran when making meatloaf, breads, muffins, cakes & cookies
• Choose whole grain bread • Use whole wheat flour• Experiment with whole grains• Add canned bans to soups and salads • Eat high fiber snacks such as fruits, vegetables,
popcorn and whole grain crackers
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Just one cup of Kellogg's All Bran with extra fiber meets the 30 grams per day
recommendationfor adults and exceeds the
recommendations for children.
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HIDDEN FIBER IN PACKAGED AND PROCESSED FOODS
• InulinLigninOligofructoseFructooligosaccharidesPolydextrosePolylosPsylliumResistant dextrinResistant starch
• CelluloseB-glucansPectinGuar gumCellulose gumCarrageenAgar-agarHemicellulose
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FIBER ADDITIVES
• Wood pulpCottonSeaweedHusksSkinsSeedsTubersPlants not suitable for human consumption
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Detoxification and Bowel Cleansing Programs
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A high fiber diet is a high carbohydrate diet.
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A high fiber diet is a high carbohydrate diet.
• "Paradoxically if your goal is to add bulk to your diet, you are better off taking a supplemental fiber, then consuming a high-fiber natural diet, because supplements don't add any digestible carbohydrates to an already bad mix." -- Konstantin Monastrysky
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WHAT'S WRONG WITH FIBER?
• Human digestive organs can handle a limited amount of indigestible fiber.
• Mother Nature did not design us to consume massive amounts of fiber.
• Bloating, • Gas• Dysbiosis• Stomach Cramps• Nausea and Vomiting• Rectal Bleeding• Unrelieved Constipation
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FIBER'S LINK TO EPIDEMIC GUT PROBLEMS
• Acid reflux• Ulcers• Constipation• Irritable Bowel Syndrome• Colitis , • Crohn's• Colon Cancer
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Excitotoxins exist naturally in the body and are normally used by the brain in small, carefully controlled concentrations.
Excitotoxins
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HEXANE
• Organic solvents used by the vegetable industry to extract oil from beans and seeds
• Hexane the most widely used solvent by 1941. Irritates the lungs Depresses the central nervous system
• The oil industry claims that "desolventizing" processes remove hexane residues.The truth is some traces always remain.
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I would like to thank Martha Pickard MSfor research assistance and for help with
this PowerPoint presentation.
The End
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