The Study on Water Quality of the Return Flow in Lower Tap Salao Irrigation Project Hungspreug N. 1...
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Transcript of The Study on Water Quality of the Return Flow in Lower Tap Salao Irrigation Project Hungspreug N. 1...
The Study on Water Quality of the Return Flow in
Lower Tap Salao Irrigation Project
Hungspreug N.1 Chooaksorn W.2 and Sudcha P.3
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology,
Thammasat University, Patumtanee, ThailandEmail : 1 [email protected] , 2 [email protected] ,
Purpose Purpose
Determine and compare water quality of the irrigation canal and drainage canal in
Sakaekrang river basin, Thailand
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
•Water degradation was clearly caused by agriculture sources (non-point sources).
IntroductionIntroduction
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
Introduction (cont’)Introduction (cont’)
Irrigation canals Irrigated area
Drainage canals
Water Quality ?
• In 1993, in USA 65 % of rivers suffered the impacts from non-point source pollution.
(US Department of Pollution Control, 2002).
• In Thailand non-point sources pollution is the cause of severe water pollution. (Simachaya, 2000)
Introduction (cont’)
Introduction (cont’)
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
MethodologyMethodology
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
Study Area
Study Area
• Southern Tap Salao in with part of Tab Salao irrigation project in the upper central part of Thailand.
• covering 14,000 ha.
• The water supply to this irrigation project came from the upstream Tab salao reservoir.
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
Southern Tap Salao irrigation project
Sampling Stations
Sampling Stations
• 45 water quality sampling stations.• irrigation canal 22 stations
• drainage canal 23 stations
• collected samples during January 19th-22rd, 2007
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
I05
I06
I07
I08
I09
I10
I11
I13
I14
I15
I16
I18
I21
D03 D04 D07 D08 D09 D11 D13 D15 D16 D18 D21D19
D02
D06 D14
D05 D20
I04
I03
I02
I12
I17
I19
I20
SECONDARY RIGHT 1
SECONDARY RIGHT 2
THIRDLY LEFT 1 – LEFT 1
SECONDARY LEFT 1
THIRDLY RIGHT 1 - RIGHT 1 -LEFT 1
THIRDLY RIGHT 1 - LEFT 1
RIGHT IRRIGATION CANAL
LEFT IRRIGATION CANAL
HUAI IJANG
HUAI THAP THAN
HUAI TAP SALAO
I22
I23
I01
D01
D10 D12
D17 D22
D
I
Office
Stations Irrigation canals
Stations Drainage canals Drainage canals
Irrigation canals
Water Quality Sampling Stations
Drainage canal stations
Irrigation canal stations
Irrigation canal stations
Drainage canal stations
Parameters. Parameters.
• pH
• Conductivity (EC)
• Temperature (Temp)
• Turbidity (Tur)
• DO
• BOD
• NO3–-N
• NH3+-N
• PO43--P
• TS• TDS• SS
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
ResultsResultsDepartment of Environmental Science , Thammasat
University
Parameters
UnitIrrigation canals Drainage canals
Range Average
Range Average
pH - 6.78-9.71 7.58 6.59-7.79 7.36
EC µm/cm
122.73-369.80
185.02
104.30-413.80
217.10
Temp. °C 26.03-33.17
29.93 25.37-32.40
28.75
Turbidity NTU 6.62-126.33
48.83 7.03-111.00
31.38
DO mg/l 1.00-8.97 4.37 0.80-4.80 3.27
BOD mg/l 0.53-6.77 3.18 0.25-5.37 1.89
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
Parameters
Unit Irrigation canals Drainage canals
Range Average
Range Average
NO-3
mg/l 0.04-0.15 0.09 0.05-0.24 0.09
NH+3
mg/l 0.04-0.25 0.12 0.03-0.36 0.12
PO43- mg/l 0.11-0.40 0.20 0.07-0.34 0.15
TS mg/l 122.50-364.00
205.79 122.50-454.33
211.19
TDS mg/l 105.17-262.00
159.18 111.50-441.33
184.13
SS mg/l 7.44-133.33 46.61 5.00-93.56 27.06
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
Parameters
UnitIrrigation canals Drainage canals
Range Average
Range Average
pH - 6.78-9.71
7.58
6.59-7.79
7.36
Conductivity µm/cm 122.73-369.80 185.02 104.30-413.80 217.10
Temperature °C 26.03-33.17 29.93 25.37-32.40 28.75
Turbidity NTU 6.62-126.33 48.83 7.03-111.00 31.38
DO mg/l 1.00-8.97 4.37 0.80-4.80 3.27
BOD mg/l 0.53-6.77 3.18 0.25-5.37 1.89
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
pH
4
6
8
10
Irrigation canals Drainage canals
max
min
avg
Parameters
UnitIrrigation canals Drainage canals
Range Average
Range Average
pH - 6.78-9.71 7.58 6.59-7.79 7.36
EC µm/cm
122.7-369.8
185.0 104.3-413.8
217.1
Temperature °C 26.03-33.17 29.93 25.37-32.40 28.75
Turbidity NTU 6.62-126.33 48.83 7.03-111.00 31.38
DO mg/l 1.00-8.97 4.37 0.80-4.80 3.27
BOD mg/l 0.53-6.77 3.18 0.25-5.37 1.89
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Irrigation canals Drainage canals
max
min
avg
Conductivity
µm/cm
Parameters
UnitIrrigation canals Drainage canals
Range Average
Range Average
pH - 6.78-9.71 7.58 6.59-7.79 7.36
Conductivity µm/cm 122.73-369.80 185.02 104.30-413.80 217.10
Temp °C 26.0-33.2
29.9 25.4-32.4
28.7
Turbidity NTU 6.62-126.33 48.83 7.03-111.00 31.38
DO mg/l 1.00-8.97 4.37 0.80-4.80 3.27
BOD mg/l 0.53-6.77 3.18 0.25-5.37 1.89
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
20
25
30
35
Irrigation canals Drainage canals
max
min
avg
Temperature
°C
Parameters
UnitIrrigation canals Drainage canals
Range Average
Range Average
pH - 6.78-9.71 7.58 6.59-7.79 7.36
Conductivity µm/cm 122.73-369.80 185.02 104.30-413.80 217.10
Temperature °C 26.03-33.17 29.93 25.37-32.40 28.75
Tur NTU
6.6-126.3
48.8 7.0-111.0
31.4
DO mg/l 1.00-8.97 4.37 0.80-4.80 3.27
BOD mg/l 0.53-6.77 3.18 0.25-5.37 1.89
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
0
50
100
150
Irrigation canals Drainage canals
max
min
avg
Turbidity
NTU
Parameters
UnitIrrigation canals Drainage canals
Range Average
Range Average
pH - 6.78-9.71 7.58 6.59-7.79 7.36
Conductivity µm/cm 122.73-369.80 185.02 104.30-413.80 217.10
Temperature °C 26.03-33.17 29.93 25.37-32.40 28.75
Turbidity NTU 6.62-126.33 48.83 7.03-111.00 31.38
DO mg/l
1.0-8.97
4.37
0.8-4.8 3.27
BOD mg/l 0.53-6.77 3.18 0.25-5.37 1.89
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
0
2
4
6
8
10
Irrigation canals Drainage canals
max
min
avg
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
mg/l
Parameters
UnitIrrigation canals Drainage canals
Range Average
Range Average
pH - 6.78-9.71 7.58 6.59-7.79 7.36
Conductivity µm/cm 122.73-369.80 185.02 104.30-413.80 217.10
Temperature °C 26.03-33.17 29.93 25.37-32.40 28.75
Turbidity NTU 6.62-126.33 48.83 7.03-111.00 31.38
DO mg/l 1.00-8.97 4.37 0.80-4.80 3.27
BOD mg/l
0.5-6.8 3.2 0.3-5.4 1.9
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
0
2
4
6
8
10
Irrigation canals Drainage canals
max
min
avg
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
mg/l
Parameters
Unit Irrigation canals Drainage canals
Range Average
Range Average
NO-3
mg/l
0.04-0.15 0.09 0.05-0.24 0.09
NH+3
mg/l
0.04-0.25 0.12 0.03-0.36 0.12
PO43- mg/l 0.11-0.40 0.20 0.07-0.34 0.15
TS mg/l 122.50-364.00 205.79 122.50-454.33 211.19
TDS mg/l 105.17-262.00 159.18 111.50-441.33 184.13
SS mg/l 7.44-133.33 46.61 5.00-93.56 27.06
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Irrigation canals Drainage canals
max
min
avg
NO3-N
mg/l
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Irrigation canals Drainage canals
max
min
avg
NH3-N
Parameters
Unit Irrigation canals Drainage canals
Range Average
Range Average
NO-3
mg/l 0.04-0.15 0.09 0.05-0.24 0.09
NH+3
mg/l 0.04-0.25 0.12 0.03-0.36 0.12
PO43- mg
/l0.11-0.40
0.20 0.07-0.34
0.15
TS mg/l 122.50-364.00 205.79 122.50-454.33 211.19
TDS mg/l 105.17-262.00 159.18 111.50-441.33 184.13
SS mg/l 7.44-133.33 46.61 5.00-93.56 27.06
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Irrigation canals Drainage canals
max
min
avg
Phosphate Phosphorus (PO34--P)
mg/l
Parameters
Unit Irrigation canals Drainage canals
Range Average
Range Average
NO-3
mg/l 0.04-0.15 0.09 0.05-0.24 0.09
NH+3
mg/l 0.04-0.25 0.12 0.03-0.36 0.12
PO43- mg/l 0.11-0.40 0.20 0.07-0.34 0.15
TS mg/l
122.5-364.0
205.8 122.5-454.3
211.2
TDS mg/l 105.17-262.00 159.18 111.50-441.33 184.13
SS mg/l 7.44-133.33 46.61 5.00-93.56 27.06
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Irrigation canals Drainage canals
max
min
avg
Total Solid (TS)
Parameters
Unit Irrigation canals Drainage canals
Range Average
Range Average
NO-3
mg/l 0.04-0.15 0.09 0.05-0.24 0.09
NH+3
mg/l 0.04-0.25 0.12 0.03-0.36 0.12
PO43- mg/l 0.11-0.40 0.20 0.07-0.34 0.15
TS mg/l 122.50-364.00 205.79 122.50-454.33 211.19
TDS mg/l
105.2-262.0
159.2 111.5-441.3
184.1
SS mg/l 7.44-133.33 46.61 5.00-93.56 27.06
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
90
140
190
240
290
340
390
440
490
Irrigation canals Drainage canals
max
min
avg
Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)
Parameters
Unit Irrigation canals Drainage canals
Range Average
Range Average
NO-3
mg/l 0.04-0.15 0.09 0.05-0.24 0.09
NH+3
mg/l 0.04-0.25 0.12 0.03-0.36 0.12
PO43- mg/l 0.11-0.40 0.20 0.07-0.34 0.15
TS mg/l 122.50-364.00 205.79 122.50-454.33 211.19
TDS mg/l 105.17-262.00 159.18 111.50-441.33 184.13
SS mg/l
7.4-133.3
46.6 5.0-93.6 27.1
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
0
30
60
90
120
150
Irrigation canals Drainage canals
max
min
avg
Suspended Solid (SS)
ConclusionConclusion
ConclusionConclusion
• The water quality in the irrigation canals was better than in drainage canals .
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
• The water quality in the irrigation canal was classified as class 3 (medium clean)
(1) consumption after treatment
process.
(2) agriculture
Conclusion (cont’)Conclusion (cont’)
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
• The water quality in the drainage canal was classified as class 4 (fairly clean)
(1) consumption after special treatment process
(2) industry
Conclusion (cont’)Conclusion (cont’)
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
• The water quality in the irrigation canal was not significant different from that in the drainage canal.
Conclusion (cont’)Conclusion (cont’)
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
•Water drained from Irrigated area which mostly claimed as non point sources pollutant somehow the irrigation area can acts as constructed wetland which can improve some water quality parameters.
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
Conclusion (cont’)Conclusion (cont’)
RecommendationRecommendation
• Water qualities monitoring programme should be continued at certain sampling stations over a longer period.
Recommendation
Recommendation
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
Acknowledgement
Acknowledgement
• Staff of southern Tap Salao irrigation project,
Royal Irrigation Department.
Department of Environmental Science , Thammasat University
Thank you for your attention.