The Structure of DNA
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Transcript of The Structure of DNA
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The Structure of DNA
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DNA: The Genetic Material
• The instructions for inherited traits are called genes
• DNA: primary material that causes recognizable, inheritable characteristics in related groups of organisms
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Discovering DNA’s Structure
• Griffith (1928)– Discovered that harmless bacteria could cause disease
when they were mixed with killed disease-causing bacteria– Transformation
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Discovering DNA’s Structure• Avery (1940’s)– DNA is responsible for transformation in bacteria
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Discovering DNA’s StructureHershey & Chase (1950’s)• Showed that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material in
viruses
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Discovering DNA’s Structure• Chargaff (1949) showed the base pairs of DNA– Adenine with Thymine– Cytosine with Guanine
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Discovering DNA’s Structure• Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins (1950’s) used x-ray
diffraction to determine the structure of DNA– Images suggested DNA resembled a tightly coiled helix
composed of two chains of nucleotides
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Discovering DNA’s Structure
• Watson and Crick (1950’s) constructed a 3D model of DNA– Using information from
past experiments determined the DNA was a double helix
– Won Nobel Prize in 1962
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The Shape of DNA
• A DNA molecule looks like a spiral staircase
• Composed of two parallel strands of linked subunits called nucleotides
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The Shape of DNA• A nucleotide has 3 parts:
phosphate group, sugar (deoxyribose), and a base
• The phosphate and sugar link together to form the back bone
• The bases pair together to connect the two strands
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Base Pairs