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THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL.

(Eammonfoealtl] of Australia E S T A B L I S H E D 1912.

G E N E R A L B A N K I N G BUSINESS of every description transacted at all branches tn the principal cities and towns of Australia,

London (21, and Rabaul. SAVINGS B A N K I N T E R E S T

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J A 8 . K E L L . DENISON H I L L E D . D e p u t y G o v e r n o r , I 9 J 0 . G o v e r n o r .

CONTENTS.

Merchant Marine of the Empire f A C

- 3 Poem i *' Who Goes There ? " - 8 The Boy Scout - 9 Letter to Members from Executive 10 Guarding The Coasts - 12 Our Sea Cadet Movement - 16 Speed Under Sail - - 17 Editorial Notes - 20 The Navy League- - 20

ILLUSTRATIONS. Berry's Bay - - 4 King George V. - 8 A Famous Race - 17

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P . C . . O . C M . C .

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PUB

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A . GORDON W B B C H B

H I A H o N o n J U D O B BACKHOUBB

J . J . K I N O - R A L T B R

J. W . C L A R K

i . P A V N S

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A L P R B D 0 . M I L B O N

' I 'HE League is a strictly non-party organisation whose primary object is to urge * upon the Government and the Electorate the paramount importance of an

adequate Navy as the best guarantee of peace. Its agencies are employed in educating the Nation, especially the children, in the knowledge of the principles and uses of Sea Power, as a means whereby the food, the industries, ana the floating commerce of the country are safeguarded, and as the necessary bond and protector of the Empire.

1. To advocate the continued maintenance of an effective Navy, Mercantile Marine, and Air Force, as the factors essential for the security of the Empire.

2. To encourage the scientific study of Sea Power and its uses, alike in peace and wartime, and to stimulate interest among teachers and scholars in all Universities, Colleges and Schools of the Empire in die achievements of the Royal Navy and Mercantile Marine.

3. To maintain and develop the N.L. Naval Units and Sea Cadet Corps, to establish Training Institutions wherever possible to prepare boys for a sea career, to die end that aliens may be eliminated from the British Mercantile Marine.

4. To assist the widows and dependents of officers and men of the Royal Navy, including the Royal Australian Navy, Royal Marines and Mer-cantile Marine who have been injured or who have lost their lives in the War, and to educate their children.

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T h e N a v y L e a g u e Journa l N E W S O U T H W A L E S B R A N C H .

VOL. I. SYDNEY, JANUARY, 1 9 2 1 . N o . 10.

THE MERCHANT MARINE OF THE EMPIRE. I >v Archibald Hurd.

Author of Tlic Command of the Sea, Sea rower, etc.

Every man and woman, and every boy and girl, in Australia and New Zealand, as well as in other Dominions, is a co-heir either by birth or immigration with the people of the United Kingdom of the great sea traditions of the 1'ritish Empire. The Rritish Commonwealth of to-day. which embraces nearly one-quarter of the earth's surface, was raised on the foun-dations laid by the Elizabethan sailors and their predecessors. We have not exhausted the wealth of those traditions when we have studied in our histories the glorious record of the British Navy, for, before any State-sup-j>orted fleet existed. British seamen, uncoven anted to the State, had sailed the Narrow Seas and had at last broken into the uncharted oceans of the world, becoming the pioneers of liberal civilisation.

From the time of Alfred the Great down to the reign of Henry VIII, the ship of com-merce was also, almost without exception, the ship of war, and when we read of the Crusades to the Holy Land, the Battle of Sluys, and other early naval actions it is to merchant seamen that the story of those proud achieve-ments refer. It was, again, merchant seamen who carried the successive armies across the Channel to fight at Cressy and Agincourt, as

it was merchant seamen who conveyed I lenry VIII. and his numerous court and its follow-ers to the Field of the Cloth of Gold. It was in the reign of this king that the Royal Navy was really founded, and even when Lord Howard of Effingham and Drake, in the suc-ceeding days of Elizabeth, met and vanquished the Spanish Armada in the English Channel in 1588—over two hundred years before Can-ada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Cape Breton Island, Newfoundland and Prince Ed-ward Island, after many vicissitudes, were fin-ally ceded under the Treaty of Paris—three-quarters of the vessels engaged were ordinary cargo-carrying ships armed for the violence of war.

The sea instinct of the British people has had a powerful influence on the political and social development of the world. A famous historian has remarked that "out of the in-finite horizon there grows in the mind and character of a sea-faring people a strong ten-dency towards boldness, fortitude and long-sightedness. Sea-faring nations." he has added, "have materially contributed to the en-largement and heightening of the political standard. To them narrow territorial politics appear but shortsighted. The wide open sea

. J

14

serves to en la rge t he v iews of both m e r c h a n t s a n d s t a t e s m e n . " W e may all be p r o u d of the sea t r ad i t ions which we s h a r e in c o m m o n . S o m e t i m e be fo re his d e a t h . A d m i r a l M a h a n , the g rea t naval h i s tor ian , w r o t e an eulogi t im on the inf luence which Bri t ish s eamen had exe r t ed in all p a r t s of t he habi table g lobe . " W h y , " he asked , " d o Eng l i sh inna te political concep t ions of )x>pular r ep resen ta t ive g o v e r n -men t . of the balance of law and l iberty, pre-vail in N o r t h A m e r i c a f r o m the Arc t ic Circle

f t is a mis t ake when we speak of " s ea -p o w e r " to th ink only of ba t t leships , c ru i se r s and o the r m e n - o f - w a r , a n d to assoc ia te t h e g r e a t sea t r ad i t ions of t he Bri t ish people exclus ively with the fine exp lo i t s of t he Royal N a v y . D o w n a lmos t to t he de fea t of the Span ish A r m a d a , m e r c h a n t seamen w e r e " t h e bea re r s of the b u r d e n " a n d it is a card ina l e r r o r to a s s u m e that the Bri t i sh mercan t i l e mar ine , wi th its y o u n g b r a n c h e s in. t he Domin ions , is mere ly a collection of ca rgo-

Courltty SYDt.EY MAIL." ' B K R R Y ' S B A Y . " - B y W I L L A S H T O N .

Shyly the pure soft lights of morn awaken the rippled bay.

t o the Gulf of Mexico , f r o m the At lan t i c to the Pac i f i c? " H e a t t r i bu t ed th i s t r i u m p h of l iberal civi l isat ion to Br i t i sh seamen. If w e look f u r t h e r afield, to Aus t r a l i a , d i scovered by Cap ta in C o o k — a m e r c h a n t sa i lor b e f o r e he w o r e his k i n g ' s u n i f o r m — t o N e w Zea l and , to S o u t h A f r i c a , a n d to Ind ia , w h e r e t he E a s t India C o m p a n y , w i t h its o w n fleet, b r o u g h t o r d e r ou t of chaos , w e d iscover f u r t h e r evi-dence of the p a r t which Br i t i sh seamen h a v e t aken in m o u l d i n g the des t iny of t he wor ld .

c a r r y i n g vessels, the officers a n d men of which possess no t rad i t ions . O n the c o n t r a r y , they uphold the d igni ty of a g rea t pas t a n d a r e t he g u a r d i a n s of t he m e m o r i e s of sp lendid ach ieve-m e n t s wh ich s t and o u t consp icuous ly f r o m the h i s to ry of t he w o r l d ' s p r o g r e s s d u r i n g the pas t cen tu r i e s of polit ical, commerc i a l and social evolu t ion . I t w a s on ly v e r y g r a d u a l l y tha t fighting sh ips a s s u m e d dis t inc t ive types , wi th specially t r a ined c rews . W i t h t he develop-m e n t of a code of fighting tactics, t he t w o

THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL. IS

fleets—the w a r fleet and the m e r c h a n t fleet— began to d r a w a p a r t , a n d wi th the appl ica t ion of physica l science to nava l w a r f a r e — t h e in-t roduc t ion of t he l o n g - r a n g e gun , t he adven t o t t he to rpedo , a n d the a p p e a r a n c e of the a r m o u r e d s h i p — t h e d i f f e ren t i a t i on be tween the fighting n a v y a n d the commerc ia l n a v y u n d e r t he W h i t e F.nsign a n d the Red Ens ign , respect ively , a p p e a r e d 011 the eve of t he Grea t W a r to be comple te a n d final.

W h e n the w a r c louds b u r s t over E u r o p e in the s u m m e r of 1914. the n e w theo r i e s a s to t he sphe res of the fighting sh ip a n d t h e m e r -chan t sh ip had to be revised u n d e r the impel-l ing inf luence of t he g rea t e m e r g e n c y . I t be-c a m e at once a p p a r e n t to the dul lest intellect that t h o u g h the Bri t ish N a v y could , a s it d id . win c o m m a n d of the sea, t ha t mi l i tary a d v a n -t age wou ld be of l i t t le va lue un less full use could be m a d e of tha t c o m m a n d of the sea t " t r a n s p o r t , a n d suppor t wi th suppl ies , the Bri t ish, Domin ion , a n d o t h e r t r o o p s to tin-bat t lef ie lds w h e r e the o v e r w h e l m i n g issues would lie dec ided . A n d t h u s it h a p p e n e d that m e r c h a n t sh ips f o r t he m o v e m e n t of t roops , the supply of e q u i p m e n t and s tores , and tile provis ion of hosp i ta l a c c o m m o d a t i o n w e r e g radua l ly d r a w n into t he confl ict . W h e n the enemy deve loped the jxilicy of mine - l ay ing in the p a t h w a y s of c o m m e r c e and , l a t e r 011, when ht e m b a r k e d upon h i s s u b m a r i n e c a m p a i g n , the r e sources of t he Roya l N a v y which , wi th the suppor t of t he D o m i n i o n s h a d by tha t t ime become the Imper i a l N a v y in fac t , if not in n a m e , p roved inadequa te . Add i t i ona l vessels w e r e r equ i r ed fo r g u a r d i n g the focal jxi ints of the t r a d e routes , f o r s w e e p i n g u p mines , fo r h u n t i n g submar ine s , a n d f o r a s s i s t ing in con-voy w o r k . T h u s it c a m e abou t tha t m e r c h a n t ships, m a n n e d by m e r c h a n t off icers a n d m e n . as well as by fishermen—not f o r g e t t i n g the h a r d v fishermen of N e w f o u n d l a n d — w e r e soon engaged wi th the e n e m y , p e r f o r m i n g haz-a r d o u s t a sks in which the i r sp lendid s eaman-sh ip p roved an asset of incalculable value. B e f o r e t he w a r closed, t he A u x i l i a r y N a v y cons is ted of abou t f o u r t h o u s a n d vessels of all s o r t s and desc r ip t ions and t h o u s a n d s of m e r c h a n t s eamen and the fishermen, not only of t he Bri t ish Isles but of t he whole E m p i r e , we re s t a n d i n g m a n f u l l y in t he f o r e f r o n t of a conflict which in its d e m a n d s on c o u r a g e and resource , a s well a s in i ts eve r p r e sen t d a n g e r s , t r a n s c e n d e d every w a r of wh ich h i s to ry ho lds record .

If it had not been f o r t he m e r c h a n t sh ips and the i r off icers a n d m e n the All ies could

no t h a v e won the w a r . N o soone r was the i ssue jo ined t h a n it became a p p a r e n t tha t the vessels, built in p r iva t e sh ipya rds , pa id f o r by p r i v a t e ind iv idua ls , m a n n e d by seamen u n d e r 110 I Kind to t he S ta te , and m a n a g e d by p r i v a t e firms, wou ld c o n t r i b u t e essent ia l f a c t o r s to the success of the cause which w a s t o conso l ida te f u r t h e r .lie Br i t i sh peoples , a n d at last to b r i n g pract ica l ly all the g rea t neu t r a l S t a t e s of the wor ld in to l ine wi th t h e m . O n t h e eve of t he o u t b r e a k , t he Bri t i sh E m p i r e o w n e d 47.(7 pe r cent , of t he s t eam vessels of t he w o r l d ; a p p r o x i m a t e l y e l e v e n - t w e l f t h s be-longed to t he U n i t e d K i n g d o m , and the bal-ance to the ove r sea pa r t s of t he E m p i r e . U n d e r t he no rma l cond i t ions of peace. Bri t ish sh ips w e r e c a r r y i n g m o r e t h a n half t he ocean -bo rne c o m m e r c e of t he wor ld , i nc lud ing n i n e - t e n t h s of t h e i n t e r - Imper i a l t r a d e , ove r t h r e e - f i f t h s of t he t r a d e be tween the E m p i r e a n d fo r e ign coun t r i e s , a n d nea r ly one - th i rd of t he t r a d e be tween fo re ign coun t r i e s , t he last n a m e d ships p r o c e e d i n g f r o m o n e fo r e ign |x>rt to a n o t h e r wi th fo r e ign g o o d s . G r a d u a l l y a s t he in tens i ty of t he w a r by sea g r e w f r o m m o n t h t o m o n t h , prac t ica l ly all these sh ips w e r e p ressed in to the service of t he All ies . Grea t a s w a s the vo lume of t onnage , it soon became ev ident t ha t t h e r e w a s not a sh ip too m a n y to mee t the needs of w a r .

H o w would t he m e r c h a n t s eamen adap t t h e m s e l v e s to t he cond i t ions wh ich the e n e m y ' s policy fo rced upon t h e m ? In the last analys is , e v e r y t h i n g d e p e n d e d u p o n the m a n n e r in wh ich they sus t a ined the o rdea l . T h e y not on ly had to r u n the g a u n t l e t of e n e m y c r u i s e r s a n d r a ide r s in the ear ly d a y s of t he w a r , but they hatl to f ace the |ieril o f t he mine. Subse -quen t ly . t he e n e m y p r e s s e d s u b m a r i n e s in to his service , u s i n g them wi thou t regar i l to t he law of n a t i o n s o r t he code of h u m a n i t y . O v e r and above the d a n g e r of be ing s u n k l)v mines , m e r -c h a n t s eamen w e r e in peri l of being t o r p e d o e d w i t h o u t w a r n i n g a n d l e f t in small l ioats a t t he m e r c y of t he waves and f a r f r o m land. I11 add i t ion to the o r d i n a r y m a r i n e losses, 7,753.311 tons of Bri t i sh s h i p p i n g w e r e s u n k , in add i t i on to 169,710 tons be long ing to the Domin ions , and u p w a r d s of 13,000 m e r c h a n t s e a m e n w e r e sent t o t he i r g r aves . T h e m e m -or ies of the w a r a r c a l r eady b e c o m i n g d im and l a n d s m e n to -day can f o r m litt le concep-tion of t he c h a r a c t e r of tile o rdea l t o wh ich the officers a n d men of the m e r c h a n t service, q u i t e a p a r t f r o m those w h o w e r e assoc ia ted wi th t he A u x i l i a r y Pa t ro l , w e r e submi t t ed . T h e m a r v e l is t h a t t he i r c o u r a g e a n d n e r v e


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THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL. 13

were not broken as the enemy assumed that they would be broken. O n e of the ou t s t and ing glories of the victory which was at last to come to l ir i t ish a rms , was tha t d u r i n g this cumu-lative t ragedy, when day a f t e r day fine ships were sent to their doom and officers and men were murde red , not a single man refused to do his duly.

T h e ou t s t and ing moral to be d r a w n f r o m the w a r is that the I Irtish people mus t at all costs mainta in thei r sea-power in sufficiency and efficiency. It will not be enough to pro-vide ships of war , but merchan t shipping mus t be provided. Mow that shall be done, how the grea t movement shall be fostered and en-couraged, mus t depend upon the public opinion of the var ious sections of the Empire . I f , in ano ther great emergency, the Brit ish peoples a re to possess an adequa te volume of tonnage to suppor t and supplement the activities of the men-o f -war and to main ta in , in face of all hazards , the sea communica t ions of the E m -pire, condi t ions mus t be created favourab le to the economic use of the ships in ca r ry ing ca rgoes under |>eace condit ions. F o r sea power mus t be of na tu ra l g rowth , resting, first and last, on the sea inst incts and commercial ap t i tudes of the |>eople concerned. Par l ia-ments may do much to expand fighting fleets, hut merchan t sh ipping is in qui te ano ther c a t e g o r y ; it is the province of the individual , a l though Par l iaments may do use fu l service in insist ing on equali ty of t r ea tmen t in all the wor ld ' s por ts .

D u r i n g the w a r a good deal was heard of the f r eedom of the seas, but the phrase has a significance unde r peace condit ions as well as under w a r condit ions. It means that the seas shall lie f r ee to all, and the people of the Uni ted K ingdom have given an even wider in terpre ta t ion to it. t h r o w i n g open their por ts , wi thout dist inct ion of flag, as well as their coast ing t rade , to the shipping of the world . T h a t represents the apotheosis of tile doctr ine of the f r eedom of the seas. It is not only a t t ract ive ethically, but the record of the ex-pansion of the British mercant i le mar ine sug-gests that it is the policy of profi t . F r e e com-petit ion has been held by Brit ish s ta tesmen to be the founda t ion of efficiency in sea carr iage , and all that they have demanded , wi thout seek-ing to in te r fe re in the internal a f fa i r s of o ther countr ies , is t ha t Brit ish sh ipp ing shall be ac-corded " f a v o u r e d nat ion t r ea tmen t . "

Whi l e it is certain tha t a g rea t vo lume of shipping is essential to the Empire , the means which shall be taken to insure an adequate vo lume of tonnage must be de te rmined by each section of the Empi re f o r itself. T h e Uni ted Kingdom being an is land, dependent upon the sea for f o u r ou t of five loaves, as well as for most of the raw mater ia ls required hy its factor ies , s tands in a position alone and apa r t . As a Board of T r a d e Commit tee , which sat d u r i n g the war , r emarked . " I t s insular position tended to detach the United K ingdom f r o m European economics and p ro-ject its act ivt ies into the more dis tant m a r k e t s : the re were no land f ron t i e r s to drain away the traffic that might have gone by sea. while the cost of sea ca r r i age does not vary with dis-tance to the same extent as that of land traffic." I t is apparen t f r o m a glance at t he m a p and a s tudy of the g r o w t h of populat ion in the British Isles, now three t imes a s l a rge as it w a s a cen tury ago, tha t the position of the people of the Uni ted Kingdom in relat ion to merchan t shipping has no parallel e i ther in tha t of any fore ign count ry o r any Brit ish Dominion. T h e British mercant i le mar ine is an express ion of the needs of a communi ty of is landers . But in va ry ing degree the Domin ions a re also dependent >t|>on the sea. W h a t the dest iny of the nascent merchan t navies of the Dominions may be will depend upon a variety of f ac to r s which a rc only slowly e m e r g i n g f r o m the f o g of w a r ; but . if the Bri t ish Empi re is to cont inue to exist and g r o w in s t rength , the development of its mar i -t ime communica t ions mus t be a m o n g the first m a t t e r s to engage the a t tent ion of its states-men, and to a t t rac t the suppor t of the peoples of a league of nat ions, which mus t be divorced f r o m each o ther if they a re unable to use the seas fo r the purposes of commerce as well as of social in tercourse . The seas of the world are. next to the British Crorcn. the most potent unifying influence in the British Empire.

RENEW TO DAY

Fellows and Members whose Annual Sub-scription is overdue are respectfully reguested to forward a cheque or postal note to the Hon. Treasurers.

The Navy League, Royal Naval House,

SYDNEY.


Court—, "Sydney limit"

Kln» Geoeje V. Waving the Cenotaph of the Unknown •ar r lor who now ileepi In the heart of the Empire.

W H O G O E S T H E R E ?

S U y - W h o t o w there? W h o m M | 1 y o u M o t h e r , W k . . . England—Nelson's: th ine; What f r i e n d - W h e n c e come you? Her whom we proudly serve in life in

From a dark cave beneath a ruined street. d e a t h - ' Oh friend, where fare you ; Her do I guard, friend -Why wouM'st thou pass fur ther? Can'st thSu also serve her '

To lay my heart down at our Mother's feet. Aye. when they fail her who do yet draw breath.

Who ar t thou, friend, then? I was—and am No One—

No name is ours—An unknown host are we. Pass on, brave spirit. Oh. 'tis Christ that passes

In thee, poor soldier, who didst die for me. —CV.D.,tt> the " Timet, •—B6 10 80.


T H E BOY S C O U T ! BY " H . Q . "

AUSTRALIAN PARENTS A L E R T ! Have you ever realised what a Boy Scout is? Then, if not, read the Boy Scouts' page

in this Journal each issue.

The signal honour of a Baronetcy which was recently conferred on Sir Robert Baden Powell of Mafeking fame, and the Chief of the Boy Scouts throughout the Empire, is a recognition of the Boy Scout Scheme as a National asset in the training of the future citizens of the community, and a compliment to the genius of the man who is the recognised leader of the greatest boys' organ-isation in vogue throughout the world.

In the handbook "Scout ing for Boys" the Founder of the Movement says:— 44 The whole object of the scheme is to seize the boy's character in its red-hot stage of enthusiasm, and to weld it into the right shape, and to encourage and develop its individuality—so that the boy may become a good man and a valuable citizen for our Country in the immediate future, instead of being a waste of God's material "

Scouting then is simply character training. It aims at developing good citizenship amongst boys by forming their characters, training them in habits of observation, obedience, and self-reliance, inculcating loyalty and thoughtfulnes for others, teaching them services useful to the public and handicrafts useful to themselves, and promoting their morai and physical development by true comradeship and by healthy open air pursuits and games.

From the boys' point of view, Scouting puts them into fraternity gangs, which is their natural organisation, whether for games, mischief or loaf-ing. It gives them a smart dress and equipments : it appeals to their imagination and romance, and it engages them in an active, open-air life.

As great an authority as Lord Rosebery, speak-ing at a gathering in Scotland recently, has said of the Scout Movement •• What they are is this — a high fellowship, embodied to preserve and observe great principles—self-help and help to others, patriotism and loyalty, honour, faith, and duty. These are the objects that the Boy Scouts have in view, and all I can say of them is, that if I were to form the highest ideal for my Country, it would be this : that it should be a Nation of which the manhood was exclusively composed of men who had l>een, or who were Boy Scouts, and who were trained in the Boy Scouts' theory. Such

a Nation would be the honour of mankind. It would be- the greatest moral force that the world has ever known."

T h e Boy Scouts Association was organised in Great Britain in 1908, under the patronage of His Majesty the King, and under the leadership of Sir Robert Baden Powell spread throughout the Empire, as well as to most foreign countries.

Its principles appear to appeal to boys of every class and to be adaptable to every country, and this promises a closer bond of sympathy and comradeship between Great Britain and the Dom-inions, and also between the British Empire and other nations in the near future, such as cannot but be conducive to peace and international goodwill in the world.

The Movement has won for itself a member-ship of between half a million and a million lads throught the world, commanding wherever it is known the support of all those interested in the welfare of the boys.

The Association was Incorporated by Royal Charter in 1912.

The necessity for Scout Training must be obvious to all. The safety of a nation depends not altogether on its fighting power, but also and chiefly on the character of its citizens, 011 purity of personal and home life, on commercial worth and integrity, and upon high standards in public service. At the sanfe;time no nation can be safe that is unprepared to defend itself should any danger threaten its liberty. High moral ideals, integrity and energetic industry, together with strong unselfish patriotism, must characterise a nation that will live and grow and serve.

For such high purposes all citizens must be trained.

Here then lies a glorious field for work on the part of men who have their country's interest at heart. The war has stirred up patriotism in many who were formerly unresponsive to its call, and who, once started in that direction, will be wishful to continue to do " their bit." Let them train the next generation to be men as good as themselves.

H . E . T H E G O V E R N O R - C B N B R A L

T H B R T . H O N . L O R D F O R S T E R .

P . C . G . C . M . G .

H . E . T H B S T A T E G O V E R N O R

S I R W A L T E R D A V I D S O N . K . C . M . O .

P R E S I D E N T —

THE HON. S I R W. P. C U L L E N . K.C .M .O. . Etc . . E t c .

L i s u t s « M t Governor and Chief J u s t i a s of Naw Sou th Wale*.

E X E C U T I V E C O M M I T T E E -

SIR THOB. A . D i a a a C O L . T H E H O N . 8IR J A M E S B U R N S

S I R J . R U B S R L L F R E N C H

E D W A R D W . K N O X

K E L S O K I N O

S I R S A M U E L H O R D E R N

F . W . H I X S O N

A L F R E D 0 . M I L B O N

C A P T A I N A . W . P E A R S E

C A P T A I N S . O . O R E E N

A . C O N S E T T S T E P H E N

W . H . K E L L Y

0 . A . P A R K E S

E . P . S I M P S O N

C . J . H E N T Y

C O L . J . M A C A R T I I U R O N S L O W

J . P . F R A N K I

C A P T A I N F . O . W A L E V

H W . C O R R V

D A V I D R E I D

S I R A L E X A N D E R M A C C O R M I C K

A . G O R D O N W S S C H B

T H E N A V Y L E A G U E , N B W I O U T H W ' A L I S B R A N O H ,

R O Y A L N A V A L H O U S E

S Y D N E Y , J a n u a r y . 19 21

To Fellows and Members of the Navy League,

Naw South Wales Branoh.

The New South Vales Branoh cf the Navy League has undertaken to raise units of Sea Cadets In Sydnsy and Dlstrlot. The objsot Is to provide a thorough preliminary training for boys who, with their parents' consent, are desirous of following the sea as a oareer—either In the Royal Australian Navy or on board vessels of our Mercantile Marine.

The average age of the boys Is 12 years and the Intention Is to give them the advantage of free Instruction twloe weekly for a period of two years in eaoh of the

J. W . C L A M .

J . P A Y H I

T i n HON . S i n A. w . H U M

A . J. W A R R V

O. 1 . FAIRFAX W A L T B R H . M A R K *

P B T B R B O A R D

H O N . M R M R R R R -

L I B U T . O R N R N A L O . L . L R R , C B D S O

C O M M O D O R R J . S D U M A R R R O . C . B . . C V . O .

A . D C . . R N

C O M M O D O R B H . M . E D W A R D , . R N

H O N . T R R A B U R R R R —

S I R T H O * . A O I R R B

S I R J . R U B B B I L F R R M C H

K B L S O K I N O

H O N . S B C R R T A R I B B —

r . W . H I X B O N

A L F R E D O . M I L R O N

O B G A N I B B R —

W . W . B B A L B . O - B E ( M i l >

s u b j e c t s h e r o s p e c i f i e d , v i z . : — D i s c i p l i n e , p h y s i c a l exerolse, Morse and semaphore signalling, mariners' oompass, rudiments of navigation, squad drill, oarsmanship, knotting and splicing, steering, swlaimlng, and oasting and reading of the hand lead. A course of illustrated leotures will also be given.

Three hundred boys have already passed the test of a medical examination for physical fitness, and enrolled in the Navy League Sea Cadet Corps. The servioes of the requisite number of qualified instructors have been obtained and we are now ready to launch an effeotive and simple soheme of training for the boys.

In order to equip a gymnasium and provide uniforms for the oadets, funds are urgently required. Ve therefore, venture to appeal to you to lend your generous support to a soheme which we think you will agree is of practloal utility and national importance.

Contributions will be thankfully received by any of the undersigned and due acknowledgment will appear in the oolumns of the Navy League Journal.

' — .—..—• r

timer,-

Members of Exeoutivs Committee.


GUARDING THE COASTS OF BRITAIN. WORK OF THE SEA-SCOUTS.

T h e war b rough t the Sea-Scout in to his own. Six years ago his ins t ructors were tell-ing him ill the official Headquarters («"<i:ette: "Coast -watching, if practised, should be done with some ob jec t . " T h e objects of the coast-watching Scout are so mul t i f a r ious that it would take a volume to describe them. I landy, resourceful , versed in the signs of the skies and the chang ing moods of wind and weather , he was on guard ill his hundreds a long the coasts of I ' r i tain du r ing the war .

H e fends for himself , cooks fo r himself , acts as his own housekeeper , housemaid and gardener , and is never at a loss when con-f ronted with the knottiest problem. As re ccntly as October , 1917, the Admira l ty asked fo r 100 Sea-Scouts to be employed as sig-nallers o r cooks in t h e t rawler section of the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, s ta t ing that m o r e would be required at the rate of 50 a ' month . T h e authori t ies are. indeed, ful ly awake to the value of the Scout movement , and the Sea-Scout is an integral par t of the machinery of national defence.

T h e first Sea-Scouts t roop were organised in 1911, and by 1912 the Movement was well on its way, and local branches were spr inging up, not only in the coastal districts, but in most of the chief industr ial cities, where the g r e a t wa te rways provided ample oppor tuni ty fo r the practice of its c ra f t . In the organisa-tion of the Sea-Scouts the chief character is t ics of the lloy Scouts were retained, and the t rain-ing in swimming, rescuing, signalling, and meteorological and astronomical observat ion were all specially valuable. Upon this founda-tion was built a super -s t ruc ture of special lore. T h e boys were taught boat-handling, knots and splices, sail-making, engine-construct ion and o ther details of the sea- far ing l ife. T h e y learned how to use their eyes and fingers, and. still more impor tant , how to use their wits. T h e Scout , moreover , is no individual is t ; he is pa r t of a corpora te and co-operat ive whole, and has taken to hear t Mazzini ' s noble m a x i m : " Y o u a r e f ree , t h e r e f o r e you a re responsible." H i s whole t r a in ing has impressed upon him h is duty , not only to his comrades in the Move-ment , but to tha t l a rger Commonwea l th which we call Grea t Bri tain. T h e Scout ' s code has

th roughout insisted upon the double lesson of inde|>cndcnce and inter-dependence. T h e boys a re soldiers in a great a rmy, sailors in a grea t navy, whose watchwords are obedience and mutual assistance.

Ill his coas t -watching dut ies the most severe demands are made upon the individual re-s|H)nsibility and resourcefulness of the Sea-Scout. A t many stat ions there ? re no coast-gua rds or local Naval Officers, and the boys, organised under their |>atrol leaders, a rc in sole charge, receiving only occasional visits of inspection f r o m the coas t -watching Commis-sioner o r Coas tguard Officer. W h e n the Movement was initiated, it was regarded with amusement not unmixed with hostility by the regular coas t -watching service. T h e boys have now established themselves firmly in the rc-s(>ect and affection of all who have come into contact with them, and they arc recognised as being as essential a |>art of the national or-ganisat ion as the fully-fledged soldier or sailor.

T h e Sea-Scouts , like the land Scouts, art-organised in patrols , usually consist ing of a leader and three scouts, under the command of the local coas t -watching commissioner . The i r t ra ining—if t ra in ing is not too hartl and formal a word—is carr ied out entirely by means of games and competi t ions. W h a t boy is there with the love of adven tu re in his veins, whose hear t does not beat fas ter when he hears of "p i ra tes ' ra ids ," "whale -hunt ing ." "slave dhows . " and the o ther ingenious and thril l ing past imes which the o rgan i se r s of the movement have provided for the Sea -Scou t? And what boy is there with fingers ap t fo r mak ing " th ings" who does not itch to be up and do ing when he reads the fol lowing typical description of the ingenui ty of a Sea-Scout troop, taken at r andom f r o m the pages of the Headquarters Gazette-.—

" A member who has passed the handy-m a n ' s tests, made a model flagstaff hav-ing a va rda rm, which can be lowered at will. All the tackle tha t is required fo r the mast is made of very thin twine and pieces of bone, cut and pe r fo ra t ed . T h e flagstaff and y a r d a r m are composed of two large wooden needles. H e has also made small flags and painted them. W i t h


^ R I V E R S LTD, g *

SPECIALISTS IN FINE APPAREL, MILLINERS AND LADIES' TAILORS.

* 148 PITT STRLLT

tmnr a m s u n c t n w m

W. i. I . HAY WARD, Director.

A m e r e ment ion of t he n a m e Rivers will bring to your mind wonderful c rea t ions i n ' f r o c k s a n d s u i t s f o r M a d a m e a n d Mademoiselle — for Rivers has now establ ished a reputa t ion a m o n g b u y e r s of f a s h i o n a b l e apparel in every S ta te in the

Commonwea l th .

Our Director h a s now re tu rned f rom London, Paris and New York, where f r o m t h e world 's best houses goods have been personally selected for t h e c u r r e n t season. You a r e invited to see t hese dis t inct ive styles. We have a lways t i m e for

c o u r t e o u s service.

R I V E R S LTD.


G E O R G E B. S M I T H I N S U R A N C E O F F I C E S Underwriters and Paying Agents

THE RISKS OF COMMERCE

—fire on land or sea—loss or

damage to ship or cargo—collision

fire, theft, or property damage.

M A N A G I N G A G E N T S AND A T T O R N E Y S IN A U S T R A L I A F O R

TIE SAIAIANt Sea u < Fire l i s i n i c e Ci. 's I l i • L'EVEIL F U N U I S l i s i r u c t C M p i i y ImM LE FMCIEI A s a r a i c e C w p a i y Lii i l td TIE KOttESIAR ATLIS l i s i r a c c C i i p u y L i i i t d TIE VASMCTM l a r i i e l i s i n . c c Ci. Y M I I A I A Eire »i l i m e I n i w c e Ci . L i a i M

Fire Policies giving

comprehensive cover promptly

forwarded.

Marine Policies of Insurance issued negotiable and

payable in ease of loss in any part of

the world.

Geo. B. Smith - Managing Underwriter Warwick Building, Hamilton Street Sydney, N-S.1T. TeL Qty 3474 •

Melbourne Branch: 57 Queen Street Melbourne Tel. Central 7741

the flags and staff the In te rna t iona l code of s ignals a re taugh t . H a v i n g a model ( m a d e ou t of c iga r -box ) of t he fixed coast semaphore , the d is tan t s ignals can be pract ised. A n o t h e r m e m b e r ( j u s t t u rned e leven) m a d e balls, cones, and d r u m s ou t of lead, and the d is tan t s ignals by these shapes a r e also lea rn t . F o r the balls, squa re flags and w h e f t s , when w e have not the p r o p e r g e a r handy , we use the Sea Scout sai lor c ap f o r the ball, neckerchief f o r the square flag, necker-chief knot ted in t he middle f o r the w h e f t . T h e T r o o p possesses mode l s m a d e out of o d d s and ends tha t would m a k e a cur ios i ty collector t u r n g reen wi th envy. T h e y have a M o r s e l a m p m a d e out of a squa re j a m tin, a bicycle l a m p glass , a small spr ing , a n d spoon f la t tened ou t f o r a shu t te r . F o r r e a d i n g signals by sound , they have a buzzer g iv ing o u t the same sound a s a wire less i n s t rumen t , m a d e f r o m an old electric door bell, w i re , a n d d r y ba t te ry . T h e M o r s e U p p e r h a s been m a d e o u t of a small piece of T a t e ' s sugar -box , piece of copper wire , steel spr ing,

and two screws. A l toge the r it cost a little labour and ingenui ty . I w o n d e r how m a n y T r o o p s in t he K i n g d o m h a v e a table which can be used f o r the p rope r pu rposes o r as a sh ip? By plac ing a re-volving pedestal unde rnea th , fixing a rud-der , lines and s teer ing-wheel , the whole th ing is ready f o r ins t ruc t ions . T h e steer-ing wheel is a wooden one, and t u r n s a wooden block on which the rudde r l ines work , t hus t u r n i n g the table in any re-quired direct ion. By this a p p a r a t u s helm and compass a r e t a u g h t . T h e T r o o p s ' H e a d q u a r t e r s is divided in to d i f fe ren t p a r t s of a ship, a n d Pa t ro l s assemble in thei r a l lot ted section. T h e compass is the only th ing they have to purchase , as no member could m a k e it correct ly . Buoys, beacons, and logs a r e receiving d u e con-sidera t ion. L i g h t s car r ied by d i f fe ren t vessels u n d e r all c i r cums tances have been t a u g h t ; a m e m b e r whils t look ing t h r o u g h an a lmanac came ac ross t hem i l lus t ra ted, so he cu t the ar t ic le pu t , pas ted it on ca rdboa rd , and now everyone can read it a t le i sure ."


T h e coas t -watch ing Scouts live f o r t he most pa r t in two o r th ree - roomed cot tages , which they m a n a g e and contro l entirely by t h e m -selves. T h e leader keeps the ra t ion account and the daily log. A selection of entr ies in these logs, recent ly published by the Chief Scout a f t e r a visit to the pa t ro l s on the Eas t Coast , g ives a vivid idea of the var ied activit ies of the coas t -wa tch ing Scouts .

" W a r n e d a des t royer off the rocks in a fog . " " S i g h t e d and repor t ed a i r sh ip g o i n g S . S . E . five miles d i s t an t . " " P r o -vided night g u a r d o v t r d a m a g e d seaplane which was towed a sho re by d r i f t e r . " " L i g h t s shown near at 3.15 a j n . fo r seven minu tes , and aga in f r o m appar -ently t he same spot a t 4 .35 a .m . " " T r a w l e r No. came ashore . Pe rmi t s all in o r d e r except J M . w h o had none. T o o k his n a m e and a d d r e s s to Police Sup-er in tenden t at ." " F l o a t i n g m i n e rc-por ted by fishing ljoat Xo . . P ro -ceeded with the Pat rol Ixiat, which located and blew u p the mine . " " P r o v i d e d gua rd ove r wreck and s tores th ree days anil n igh t s in Bay ."

W h e n o n e detai ls the du t ies which a r e being |>erformetl by these lads one is amazed by the pluck, e n d u r a n c e and readiness of mind which they show. T h e boys have t o pa t ro l the l>each. th ree miles out and three miles back in all weathers . Rain and sun, hail, s to rm and snow a re all alike to them, and clad in the i r sou -wes te r s and overal ls , they migh t chal lenge compar i son wi th the mos t seasoned mar ine r . T h e y h a v e to watch out f o r fishing boats thai work by unau tho r i s ed h o u r s a t night and t o e x a m i n e all boa t s coming in to the shore to see that the men h a v e thei r i iermits in o rde r . N o easy task this f o r a lad of twe lve o r four teen , w h o k n o w s tha t he is likely t o be received wi th disdain a s a p r e s u m p t u o u s and meddlesome whippe r - snapper . T h e Scou t s h a v e to a n s w e r all Nava l calls on the telephone, and repor t all vessels pass ing u p and d o w n ; they h a v e to pat ro l the beach o r te lephone lines, to salve wreckage and to give ass is tance to any vessel in dis t ress . A vidid w o r d pic ture , pa in ted by a Sea -Scou t Commiss ione r a f t e r a recent visit to " s o m e w h e r e on the S o u t h C o a s t " may here be q u o t e d : —

" f n the da rk h o u r s of the m o r n i n g the stat ion w a s a w a k e n e d — n o t tha t all were as leep—by the booming of the rocke ts be-token ing a sh ip in d is t ress in the Bay in f r o n t . ' T u r n ou t , the Scouts off to the Cliff . ' T h e r e , whi le t he wind and la in

howled ove r the s to rm- tossed seas, they w a i t e d ; w a t c h i n g to sec if they could be of ass is tance to the i r fe l low men ou t 011 tile helpless vessel which was be ing b u f -fe ted by the heavy seas as they roared u p the beach. A t last the day broke , and the re could be seen the out l ine of a 3,000-ton s teamer , dr iven high tip 011 the shore , w h o s e s teer ing-gear had b roken d o w n , leaving he r helpless and at the mercy of the seas. K n o w i n g the shore a s he did. t he officer in charge 011 the cliff called to a S rout to s ignal ou t to the c r e w to wait unti l t he t ide fell, as by then they would IK- able to walk d r y s h o d to the shore . P rompt ly the o r d e r was ca r r i ed ou t , and the signal duly acknowledged . But ill spite of this the c rew, at the risk of the i r lives, leapt in to the sea and , with the help of wil l ing hands , s t rugg led ashore . Such a r e the incidents which relieve the mon-otony of o u r b ro the r s w h o a r e t ak ing the place of the c o a s t g u a r d s w h o have been called away to m o r e d a n g e r o u s and a r d u -o u s du t i e s . "

Nor is this record of the Sea -Scou t ' s dut ies yet complete . Despa tch c a r r y i n g is one of the mos t essential and a r d u o u s of his tasks , l i e h a s t o pass 011 f r o m hand to hand the daily log kept by his own |iatrol and by the pat ro l nex t to him, unti l it reaches the Base C o m -m a n d e r . Eve ry n ight since the W a r lie g a n have these lads ca r r i ed the i r despa tches a long t he coast , in foul wea the r a s well as fa i r , t h r o u g h s to rm and snow-d r i f t , unti l the i r du ty w a s accompl ished.

Such a r e some of the Sea -Scou t ' s act ivi t ies ill war - t ime . M a n y m o r e pages migh t be wr i t -ten, if space pe rmi t t ed , of h is gri t , his courage , h is r e s o u r c e f u l n e s s in emergency . But th.* s tory which h a s a l r eady been told is sufficient to p rove that t he work which these lads a r e c a r r y i n g 011 is a s heroic , in its o w n field, as that of the sold ier o r t he sailor, and tha t it is n o less essential to the de fence of t he c o u n t r y t o w h o s e call they have so readi ly r e sponded . T h e y h a v e been en t rus t ed wi th responsibi l i t ies beyond the i r years , and , iu a favour i t e ph ra se of the Scout , they a r e " p l a y i n g the g a m e . " T h e y h a v e learned to e n d u r e h a r d s h i p s gladly and have proved t ha t "boys can be m e n . " In the yea r s to come it will be the i r p r o u d joy-t o k n o w tha t they s tood by thei r coun t ry in h e r h o u r of di res t peril and f a i t h f u l l y played the i r pa r t to the u tmos t of the i r abili ty in the g r e a t ba t t le f o r the l iberat ion of the wor ld .


OUR SEA CADET MOVEMENT.

THK response to the Executive Committee's appeal for funds for the express purpose of equipping the boys of the Navy League (N.S.W. Branch) Sea Cadet Units is very encouraging.

We are hopeful that many more large minded citizens will generously assist the League in its whole-hearted desire to stimulate the public to take a deeper and more active interest in the development and maintenance of Sea Cadet Units, thereby keeping alive that " sea-sense " which is our birthright and without which we shall perish as perished the maritime nations of the past.

It is with thanks we acknowledge the under-mentioned contributions to our cause : —

The Walter and Eliza Half Trust 5° 0 0 The Colonial Sugar Refining Co..

5°

Ltd. 5o 0 0 Mort's Dock & Engineering Co.,

Ltd. 21 0 0 Sir Thomas A. Dibbs- 10 10 0 Messrs. Burns, Philp & Co., Ltd. 10 10 0 Kelso King, Esq. 10 0 0 The Hon. Sir James Burns,

K C M . G . 5 5 0 E. P. Simpson, Esq - 5 5 0 Messrs. Gilchrist, Watt & Sander

son, Ltd. . . . . 5 5 0 The Illawarra and South Coast

Steam Navigation, Co., Ltd. - 5 5 0 Newcastle-Wallsend Coal Co. 5 5 0 Rt. Hon. Sir Adrian Knox, P.C.,

K.C.M.G., K.C. - 5 0 0 E. T. r isk, Esq. 1 0 Mrs. M. Mayne - 1 4 0 Mrs. Allison . . . . 1 0 0 Mrs. Coldham - 0 12 0

Received to 31/1/1921 - jQ 187 2 0

A five-guinea flag, the gift of the family of Andrew Moffitt, Surgeon, Royal Navy, 1839 to 1861, has also been received for and on behalf of our Cadet Corps.

In sending along his cheque, Mr. Kelso King wrote :—" I trust there will be a generous response to the appeal on behalf of this most worthy movement," and with characteristic liberality 44 if necessary I shall be pleased to send a cheque for a further contribution."

A vast improvement is already noticeable in the bearing of the boys attending drill parades.

Inquiries are in hot pursuit of an economical market wherein simple and effective uniforms can be won for the boys.

A mariner's compass, dummy rifles and several other articles of a useful nature have been loaned or given to the Corps for instructional purposes.

Bugles, side drum* punch-ball, boxing gloves and a medicine ball have been purchased, and under able guidance the lads are making good use of them.

Arrangements are being made for the supply of flags for semaphore signalling and for other paraphernalia inseparable from progressive and systematic training.

Members who have contributed, or intend to contribute, to the Cadet movement, need have no thought that prodigal spending is our aim —the watchful eyes of the Honorary Treasurers will give the signal for the brake or the pruning knife. Neither money 1101 time will be utilised unless there is a reasonable return in sight in the shape of a unit or units of usefully trained and disciplined boys.

The youngsters are as keen as fox-hounds and there is no doubt whatever that as soon as they don uniform and get into their stride, the healthy rivalry between the representatives of the Schools interested, will more than compensate the pro-moters of the movement.

That the boys will be a credit to the Navy League and to Mr. W. L. Hammer and his associates is a foregone conclusion. The amount of careful thought bestowed on every detail in the syllabus of training will ensure that the trainees lose nothing of value, but will absorb inestimable wealth of character building influences, together with the more tangible adjunct—the acquisition of a sound working knowledge of the subjects specified in paragraph 2 of the letter appearing on pages 10 and 11 of this issue.

The Directors of Mort's Dock & Engineering Co., Ltd., expressed 14 best wishes (with a cheque for 20 guineas) for the success of the Cadet Movement."


SPEED UNDER SAIL. By tt'.w.n.

Ask the average yach t sman the ques t ion : " W h a t kind of c ra f t holds the highest speed record under sail ?" and he will a lmost cer-tainly reply, "A rac ing yacht of tile type seen in the Amer ica C u p contes ts ."

S teamboat men and landsmen generally would agree with the yach t sman ' s verdict .

T h e subject is a most in teres t ing one, and it will come as a surpr ise to many to learn that the gracefu l and racy looking challengers or de fenders of the I Hue Ribbon of the Yacht-ing W o r l d are not the speediest c r a f t under sail—not even fo r short spur t s under the most favourable conditions.

Covrtny "SEA, LAND end AIR."

It is general ly conceded that two of the fastest—if not the fas tes t—yachts that ever floated were the Amer ican three-masted fore and a f t schooner yacht At lant ic and the racer Ra inbow—a Brit isher.

T h e fo rmer ' s best pe r fo rmances date back to May, 1905, when she a t ta ined her maxi-m u m speed, i.e., 16 knots in one hour and 341 knots in t w e n t y - f o u r hours .

A s fa r as can be ascertained, this effor t is only rivalled by that of the British schooner yacht Rainbow, which in the year 1898 covered bo knots in fou r hour s and registered i 6 y i knots in one hour . Pe rhaps a reader

will be able to produce authent ic evidence of even g rea te r yacht ing speeds than those men-tioned.

Befo re turn ing to the speeds of f a m o u s sail-ing ships of the deep sea. those wonde r fu l creat ions in wood, iron ami sail of tile three decades. 1850 to 18X0, when skysails, s tun-sails, savc-alls. water-sails , etc., were par t and parcel of a d i p p e r ' s suit of canvas, anil big c rews of real able-lxMlicd seamen were the rule and not the' exception ( h o w different f rom the spoon-fed gentlemen in the s team-ship's fo 'cast le to-day ! l—i t will not be out of place to record that as recently as the year

1904, the present wri ter was in a fou r -mas ted barque of over 2,0.10 toils register , that logged 145 kno t s in ten hours . T h e vessel at the t ime was unde r main lower topgal lant sail, six topsails, foresail and fore - topmas t staysail, and was m i m i n g be fo re an easterly gale to the s o u t h a r d of the Cajie of Good Hope .

Of all sailing ships t w o of the most cele-brated in their day were the great rivals, Cut ty Sa rk and Thermopy lae and each ex-ceeded the highest speed recorded by the yachts Atlant ic and Rainbow, over 17 knots an hour being registered for shor t per iods by both vessels.

Cen/inued en page 18, column '2

A FAMOUS RACE. Thermopyla; {leading) and Cutty Sark.

1 8 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL

From the 44 L O G " of the Rawson Institute for Seamen, Sydney, January 1921 :—

44 Once again we are able to record splendid attendances, and the figures for the year ended 31st December (nearly 64,000) is very satisfactory indeed. Such attendances denote sincere appre-ciation and prove how popular the Institute really is. Looking back for 12 months one cannot help commenting on the splendid type of man visiting the Institute. 44 It has been a genuine pleasure to handle them." An i yet after all, one feels that these men of the sea are men whose service to the Empire should never be forgotten. And it should be our desire to give them 44 a good time " of the right kind as they come ashore, maybe after a long voyage. It is one way in which we could show our appreciation, and by supporting the Institute you can help, too, in this matter."

T h e Navy League is anxious to help lads who desire a sea career to become good seamen and worthy citizens. It believes by training boys to reverence God, and by imbuing them with genuine pride in their glorious Australia and the equal nationship shared with other parts of the Empire, it is doing its simple duty.

GET A. COPY OF

NOCK $ KIRBY'S BIG NEW

GENERAL CATALOGUE I 180 PAGES BRIMFUL OF I

HONEST VALUES

Obtainable free from Desk N.L. 1. ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT

N O C K & K I R B Y , L T D . lM-lMa GEORGE STREET, SYDNEY.

I'ATRON-I N-CHIEF.

It is our privilege to announce that His Ex-cellency T h e Right Hon. Lord o: strtr, P.C., G.C.M.G.,Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia, has extended his distinguished |iat-ronage to the Navy L-.igue, N S.W. Branch.

S T E E D U N D E R S A I L .

Continued from |>age 17.

I have no records of speeds a t ta ined by the grea tes t of A m e r i c a n cl ippers, but of l ir i t-i shers it is Itelieved that the fas tes t was the J a m e s l iaines. T h i s w o n d e r f u l ship is c red i ted with the phenomena l ( f o r sa i l ) Sliced of 21 k n o t s |KT h o u r . W h e t h e r she actually did cover a dis tance of 21 k n o t s in one h o u r I canno t prove , n o r d isprove , but she cer ta in ly did 418 kno t s in 23 h o u r s 23 minu t e s on the 18th J u n e . 1856.

Close on the heels of t he J a m e s Haines comes a vessel once wel l -known to Aus -tral ians, the sh ip L i g h t n i n g of the old I lack Hall Line. T h e highest run ever recorded ill the log-book of the L igh tn ing was 420 k n o t s in 24 hours . T h e s e t w o r u n s a r e grea t ly in excess of even those recorded by the wor ld -f a m e d r ivals men t ioned above.

Many of the Rri t ish T e a Cl ippers f r equen t ly covered a d is tance of 330 to 340 k n o t s in 24 hours , p r o m i n e n t a m o n g t h e m lieing Sir Lancelot , T a c p i n g , F ie ry Cross , a n d Ariel .

O f course , in ge t t i ng a high ra te of speed u n d e r sail, m a n y th ings claim cons ide ra t ion— the h u m a n e lement , s t r eng th a n d direct ion of wind , size of ship, age . cleanl iness below the w a t e r line, qual i ty of s t and ing and r u n n i n g g e a r , and smooth o r r o u g h sea, etc.

S u m m i n g up , it seems clear f r o m the f ew instances quo ted , tha t g iven equally f avourab le condi t ions , the d e e p sea sa i l ing sh ip h a s proved itself super io r in speed to t he fas tes t yapht ever l aunched .

I knot equals 1.15 mile statute.


FRENCH CLEANER A N D DYER.

g A L P H O N S E E V E N 0 C }

(Ule MlaUal la FraKh M y . M m Scrvlce. Hank, l i l t h m i t o . IffU)

HEAD OFFICE and RECEIVING SHOP: 17 Queen Victoria Buildings, George Street, Sydney. 'Phone City 4761.

BRANCH OFFICE and RECEIVING SHOPS: 1 Bayswater Road, DarUnghurst. 'Phone William 989. 100 Corso, Manly. 'Phone Manly 313.

WORKS AND F A C T O R Y ! 2 James Street, Enmore. 'Phone L 1066.

WHY BUY NEW CLOTHES WHEN T H E Ct.OTHES YOU HAD BEFORE T H E WAR, BY BEING CLEANED AND PRESSED A T T H E OUTLAY OF A FEW SHILLINGS, CAN BE MADE BETTER T H A N W H A T YOU CAN NOW PURCHASE A T HIGHLY INCREASED PRICES

A LARGE STAFF OF EXPERTS EMPLOYED TO ENSURE EFFICIENT TREATMENT AND PROMPT DESPATCH. MOTOR DELIVERIES TO ALL PARTS OF THE CITY.

" DUNH1LL"

"BARLING" and "G.B.D."

BRUYERE PIPES IN G R E A T

VARjETY.

BEST MAKES OF PIPES A N D

CIGARS.

INSPECTION INVITED.

ANDREW McGEE, TOBACCONIST

5 and 7 CA8TLKRJ5AGH ST., SYDNEY.

MEDIUM CUT, suitable lor the pipe, and FINE CUT. for Pipe and Cigarette making.

X-'b. - 3s 2d.; posted - 3s. 5|d, K-lb. • 6s. 3d.: posted 6s. 9d.

I lb. - 12s. 6d. ; posted - 13s. 3d. 54b. lots. 12s. 6d. lb. post free.

14 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL. IS

EDITORIAL NOTES AND NOTICES.

C o n t r i b u t i o n s of a s u i t a b l e n a t u r e a r e co rd i a l l y i n v i t e d , a n d s h o u l d b e a d d r e s s e d t o t h e E d i t o r .

A n o n y m o u s c o m m u n i c a t i o n s will n o t be e n t e r -t a i n e d .

All a l t e r a t i o n s of s t a n d i n g a d v e r t i s e m e n t s m u s t r e a c h t h e H o n . S e c r e t a r i e s NOT LATKR t h a n t h e 7 t h of t h e m o n t h o f issue .

C o r r e s p o n d e n c e of a b u s i n e s s n a t u r e s h o u l d be a d d r e s s e d t o t h e H o n . S e c r e t a r i e s , R o y a l Nav^ l H o u s e . S y d n e y .

'PHONES: CITY 7 7 8 6 a n d CITY 6 8 1 7 .

A U S T R A L I A N B O Y S F O R A U S T R A L I A N S H I P S .

O n p a g e s 10 a n d 11 of th i s i s sue t h e N a v y L e a g u e of N e w S o u t h W a l e s is m a k i n g a n a p p e a l f o r f u n d s fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f p r o v i d i n g e q u i p m e n t a n d t r a i n i n g facilities for t h e N a v y l e a g u e S e a C a d e t s . I f p r e s e n t i n d i c a t i o n s c o u n t f o r a n y t h i n g t h e a p p e a l will n o t fall o n d e a f ea rs . *

C o n d i t i o n s o b t a i n i n g o n b o a r d A u s t r a l i a n s h i p s of b o t h s e r v i c e s c o m p a r e m o r e t h a n f a v o u r a b l y wi th t h e s h i p s of a n y o t h e r n a t i o n in t h e w o r l d a n d s u c h b e i n g t h e c a s e we b e l i e v e it is t h e p l a i n d u t y of A u s t r a l i a n s t o ass i s t in e s t a b l i s h i n g t r a i n i n g c e n t r e s a s h o r e , w h e r e i n b o y s wi th a p e n c h a n t for t h e w a t e r c a n h a v e t h e i r s e a - c o n s c i o u s n e s s s t i m u -l a t e d a n d d e v e l o p e d a n d a t t h e s a m e t i m e a c q u i r e a t h o r o u g h p r e l i m i n a r y k n o w l e d g e o f s e a m a n s h i p , w i t h o u t c o s t , t h r o u g h t h e m e d i u m of t h e L e a g u e ' s q u a l i f i e d v o l u n t a r y i n s t r u c t o r s , t h e r e b y fitting t h e m fo r a c a r e e r a t s e a o n b o a r d A u s t r a l i a n s h i p s .

T h e L e a g u e b e l i e v e s t h a t a w i d e a n d g e n e r o u s r e s p o n s e t o i t s a p p e a l will t>e i n s t r u m e n t a l in m a k i n g it p o s s i b l e , a s t i m e g o e s o n , t o a t t r a c t su f f i c i en t b o y s of g o o d c h a r a c t e r a n d h a b i t s t o m a n eve ry s h i p of o u r m e r c a n t i l e m a r i n e a n d , e q u a l l y i m p o r t a n t , p r o v i d e t h e r igh t j t a m p of r e c r u i t s f r o m i t s t r a i n e e s fo r t h e nava l t r a i n i n g s h i p " T i n g i r a " a n d t h e n c e t o t h e u n i t s o f t h e R o y a l A u s t r a l i a n N a v y .

A n d s o wi th e v e r y c o n f i d e n c e we a sk A u s t r a l i a n s t o s u p p o r t a s c h e m e w h i c h is p u r e A u s t r a l i a n in i t s e v e r y a s p e c t — t h e m a n n i n g o f A u s t r a l i a n s h i p s by n a t i v e b o r n A u s t r a l i a n s .

M e m b e r s o f t h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e a r e r e m i n d e d t h a t t h e m e e t i n g s in c o n n e c t i o n with t h e R o y a l N a v a l H o u s e a n d t h e N . S . W . B r a n c h of T h e N a v y L e a g u e a r e h e l d a t 3 p . m . a n d 3 . 3 0 p . m . r e s p e c t i v e l y o n t h e second Monday o f e a c h m o n t h

r i

T H E N A V Y L E A G U E .

PATRONS-H. K. The Oovcnior.Geiier.il

The Kt. Hon. Lord Fonder. !'.( . .Gl ' .M.G. H. K. The .St,He Governor Sir Walter Davidson. K.CM.G.

PRKSIDENT— The Hon. Sir W. P. Cuilcn. K.C.M.G.. etc.. etc.

Lieutenant-Governor and Chief Ju-ticc of New .South Wales KXECUTIVK ( <>MMITTKK-

Sir Thos A. Dibbs J . P. Kranki. K«q. Col. Sir Juntos Mum* Captain F. G. Waley Sir J Kus*cll French Sir Joseph Carruther* Kdwarri W. Knox Ksq. H. W. Corry. Ksq. Kelso King. K*q David Reid. Ksr Sir Samuel Horderi

ivid Reid. Ksq. r Alexander MacCc

His Honor JudKC Backhouse J. \V. Clark. Ksq.

Alfred G Milson. K«q. Captain Pearse Captain S G. Green A. Con-ett Stephen. Ksq, W. H. Kelly. Ksq A. J. Warry. Ksq G A Parkes. Ksq. G. K. Fairfax. Ksq K. P. Simpson. K«q. Walter M. Marks. Ksq.

*C. J. Henty, Ksq. Peter Board. Ksq. Col. J . Macarthur-On*low

HON". MKMBKRS— Lieut.-General G. L Loc C.B.. D.S.O.

Commodore J. S. Dumaresq. C.B.. C.V.O., R.N. Commodore II. M. Kdwards. R.N.

HON. T R K A S U R K R 8 -Sir Tlios. A. Dibits Sir J . Ru-scll Kreneh

Kcl*o KiiiK. Ksq. HON. SKCRKTARIKS-

K. W. Hixson. KM,. Alfred G. Milson. Ksq. KDITOR NAVY LKAGUK J O U R N A L -

W. W. Bcale. O.B.K. THK I^caffue is a strictly non-party organisation whose

primary object is to urge upon the Government and the klcctorntc the paramount inqiortance of an adequate Navy as the lie*t g u m n t w <»f peace. Its agencies a re employed in educating the Nation, especially the children, in the know-ledge of the principle* and u*cs of Sea Power, as a means whereby the food, the industries, and the floating commerce of the eountry are safeguarded, and as the necessary bond and protector of the Kmpire.

1. To advocate the continued maintenance of an effective Navy. Mercantile Marine, and Air Force, as the factors e-scntial for the security of the Kmpire.

2. To encourage the scientific study of Sea Power and it* use*, alike in peace and wartime, and to stimulate interest among teacher* and scholar* in all Universi-ties. Colleges and Schools of the Kmpire in the achievement* of the Boyal Navy and Mercantile Marine

X To maintain and develop tho N.L. Naval I 'n i t sand Sea Cadet Corps, to establish Training Institution, wherever possible to prepare bov- for a sea career to the end that aliens may be eliminated from the British Mercantile Marine.

I. To a*si*t the widow* and dependent* of officers and men of the Royal Navy, including the Royal Austra-lian Navy. Royal Marine* and Mercantile Marine who have been injured or who have lost their lives in the War. and to educate their children.

H O W T O J O I N T H E NAVY L E A G U E : -Vice-Presidents £S n n annually.

for life .. 25 0 u Fellows (Ladies & Gentlemen) I 1 0 annually.

Do. Uo. for life 10 10 o Members, with publications

post free, not loss than .. 0 5 0 annually. Juvenile Members 0 1 0 annually and upwards.

To THK HON. 8KCRKTARIK8 of The New South Wales Branch of the Navy League.

Royal Naval Home, Sydney. Please enrol my name as a

of tho NAVY LKAGUK for which I enclose value £ : *. d.

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A tireless helper throughout the year

All t h r o u g h t h e long d a y s of t h e c o m i n g y e a r you will w e l c o m e t h e c h e e r y he lp of t h i s l i t t le s i x -pound m a c h i n e . C o r r e s p o n d e n c e b e c o m e s a r e a l p l e a s u r e o n c e y o u a r e f r e e d f r o m t h e m e s s a n d b o t h e r of pen and ink methods. Think of the pleasure your easily-read letters would give to those who receive them.

UNDERWOOD Standard Portable TYPEWRITER

Printed matter Is sent free on request or a demonstration could be arranged.

S T O T T A U N D E R W O O D . 70 P I T T 5 T . S V D N E V .

The Behming Player Piano gives to every member of the family not only the privilege of listening to beautiful music, but the keenest personal pleasure of being abie to play it themselves. Write for Catalogue.

PALING'S 338 GEORGE STREET, SYDNEY

HIGH-CLASS

SADDLERY HARNESS

WHIPS

P O L O G O O D S

mOVcwGsi Sttjlos an 1 SliaJcs for tk^BustnGSsTVfan vcpc

TH R O U G H O U T every stage of manufacture of these hats— from the time when the carefully sr'ected materials first enter the factory—every process is in the hands of highlv-

skilled artisans. This policy of close attention to detail results in the production of goods which are thoroughly dependable from every standpoint. Fit and finish, style and color are all worthy of the reputation of " T h e Store for M e n "

S S 1 7

SS13 — with 21 In colors, self bands, Price, 30/-

S 13 Soft Felta,

and cut edges, with black or

and fawn. Sale Price, 27 /6

M a o ' s H« t» , G r o u n d F l o o r , P i t t S t .

E R" S

English Soft Felts.

SS17—English Soft Felts, with fairly flat brims, 2 | inches wide,having just the right amount of curl to p r e v e n t them from drooping, and stitched turnover edges. In shades of steel grey, fawn and dark green.

Price • - . 50/-

Lesi 1/. m the £.

Box 4 0 7 Q.P.O.

W E P A Y C A R R I A O E

D r t t i a n d F u h i o n G o o d . , b u t o n T r n n k . a n d a n d B a g r a n d S imi la r h e a v y • o o d . ca r r i age ia p a i d o n l y t o t h e e x t e n t o f 5 p e r c e n t ,

of p u r c h a a e pr ice .

A u s t r a l i a n

Soft Felts. SSI2-Soft Felt Hats Australian M a d e , with the latest styles in brims 2} inches w i d e , a n d c u t e d g e s . I n t h e latest fashionable shades pf steel grey, deepest, slate grey fawn and light grey with black band. Usual Price - 25/-S^e Price • 22 /6 Less 10% Cash Bonus

FITTED DRESSING CASES A large selection o( Ladies' and Gendemen's Fitted Dressing Cases always stocked. The Cases are of Finest English Leather, and Fittings may be hid in Silver, Ivoty,

Tortoise Shell and Ebony.

Lady's Solid English Leather Fitted Dressing Case, 22 inches long, lined with Silk and fitted with Plain Heavy Silver Toilet

Requisites, as illustrated. Complete with Waterproof

co\er

£100.

Hardy Brothers Limited J E W E L L E R S

13 HUNTER 5TREET, SYDNEY 116-1 IS QUEEN STREET, 298 COLLINS STREET, 32 OLD BURLINGTON STREET,

BRISBANE MELBOURNE LONDON, W.L


( E a m m o n f a e a l t l i I B a n k

of JVustralw ESTABLISHED 1912.

GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS of every description transacted at all branches In the principal cities and towns of Australia,

London (2), and Rabaul. SAVINGS BANK INTEREST 31 per cent, on deposits up to £1,000.

3 per cent, on deposits over £1,000 and not exceeding £1,300.

Savings Bank Ageociei are also established at the following:—

Garden Island (Sydney), Naval Depot, William.town (Victoria)

H.M.A.S. Tingira H.M.A.S. Encounter „ Australia „ Swan », Sydney „ Parramatta „ Melbourne „ Platypus „ Brisbane

J A S . K E L L . SIR DEN'SON n i L L E R , K.C.H.O. Depu ty G o v e r n o r , 1921. Gove rno r .

C O N T E N T S .

PACK

What the League means to Canada 3 Boy Scout and Camp • - - 8 Our Sea Cadet Movement 10 The Royal Colonial Institute - - 12 The Red Duster (Poem, - 12 Sims—The Friend of Britain - - 14 Speed Under Sail and Steam - 17 Navy League's Naval Policy - 18 Editorial Notes - - 20

ILLUSTRATIONS. Loading the Golden Grain - 4 Sea Cadet Recruits - - 11 Flying Boat - - 17



AMERICA Round the World Tour* AFRICA Round Pacific Tour* INDIA Round Eastern Tours CHINA Round Australia Tours JAPAN and Island Tours.


For itineraries and Pamphlets write or call our

Tourist Department It BRIDGE STREET, SYDNEY.

Telephone 1443 City. Established 1864.

X O W L E S & D U N N 1 OUNMAKERS and IMPORTERS

of FIREARMS


UP-TO-DATE AND RELIABLE BIFLES, REVOLVERS. GUNS AND AUTOMATIC

PISTOLS.

2 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL

M E R C A N T I L E M U T U A L I N S U R A N C E

C O M P A N Y L I M I T E D

^Directors: A. E. JAQUES, Chairman.

C. C. GALE. J. M. ATKINSON. THEO. J. MARKS. L. J. DAV1ES.

ir rr

FIRE, MARINE. ACCIDENT and SICKNESS,

W O R K M E N ' S COMPENSATION, BOILER

EXPLOSION. M O T O R CAR. PUBL.C RISK

and P L A T E GLASS INSURANCE.

Losses by Lightning, Bush Fire;, and Gas Explosion Paid.

Cash Bonus to Policy Holders Evety Year.

v H E A D O F F I C E . 1 6 M A R T I N P L A C E , S Y D N E Y .

KELSO .KING, MANAGER.

I M

The Navy Lieague Journal NEW SOUTH WALES BRANCH.

V O L I . S V D N K V , I ' E I I R U A K V , 1 9 2 1 . N o . I I .

W H A T T H E N A V Y L E A G U E M E A N S T O C A N A D A . : UV V K N . A K C H D K A C O N H . J . O D Y , U . I ) . , I . . L . I ) .

adopt an aggress ive naval policy unless it was suppor ted by a substant ia l public opinion.

I n d e t e r m i n i n g a Nava l Policy fo r C a n a d a , the Gove rnmen t will necessar i ly have the de-q id ing voice. Bu t t he G o v e r n m e n t will be able more wisely and easily to m a k e th is de-cision w h e n the sub jec t has been ful ly dis-cussed by the publ ic a n d when public opin ion has been tho rough ly i n f o r m e d .

In o r d e r tha t the public may k n o w the a ims of the N a v y League , educa t ion is vital . If naval i n f o r m a t i o n canno t be g iven by the official heads of the coun t ry , then it may be given by a league such as this . Cabinet Min is te r s , f o r the mos t pa r t , a r e ove rworked . T h e r e f o r e , th is L e a g u e is not p r e s u m i n g on its r i gh t s when it t akes u p the work of naval edu-ca t ion t h r o u g h o u t the coun t ry .

( t ) F o r yea r s t o c o m e the one a im of th is o rgan i sa t ion will be to pay the debt we o w e to the dependen t s of t he seamen w h o died in the w a r . W h e n w e used to c ross t he ocean b e f o r e t he w a r , w e fel t how much o u r sa fe ty depended upon the capta in and his men , a n d we will ingly con t r ibu ted to the collections which w e r e taken u p on board sh ip in aid of the S e a m e n ' s O r p h a n a g e F u n d . W e real ised th i s debt to t he M e r c h a n t M a r i n e infinitely ftiore fu l ly d u r i n g the war .

[ M u c h of wha t the Archdeacon h a s wr i t t en about C a n a d a and the Navy l e a g u e applies with added force to A u s t r a l i a . — E d i t o r , " N . L . J . " ]

M a n y t h o u g h t tha t the work of t he N a v y League would come to an end when the w a r was over . T h i s is not so. T h e w a r demon-s t ra ted and w a s the occasion f o r real is ing the va lue of the a i m s of the N a v y League . T h e s e a ims a r e still t he a i m s of the N a v y League , and awa i t fu l l e r ach ievement .

Nea r ly every advance in public policy u n d e r democra t i c g o v e r n m e n t h a s been m a d e on p r i -ca te ini t iat ive. O n e of t he real disabil i t ies that beset a democracy is t ha t elected repre-senta t ives h a v e scarcely t ime enough to th ink ou t b road policies. W e m a k e g rea t d e m a n d s on o u r Cabinet representa t ives , and somet imes f o r g e t t ha t they a r e h u m a n , a n d a r e gener -ally o v e r b u r d e n e d wi th admin i s t r a t ive detail . T h e r e f o r e , it is p a r t of t he du ty of p r iva te per-sons in a democracy to assist the G o v e r n m e n t to m a k e decisions on po in ts of policy 011 which it is unab je to reach def ini te conclusions.

Ge rmany , b e f o r e the w a r , d id no t bui ld u p its N a v y wi thou t a N a v y League . T h e au thor i t i e s real ised the va lue of such an <. gan i sa t ion a n d f o r m e d it. T h e y w e r e wise e n o u g h t o see tha t thei r G o v e r n m e n t could no t

£ 1 2 1

t : i i

V-

I t e

a

if i i


( 2 ) A second aim of t he Xavy L e a g u e is%

to p rov ide for the moral and physical wel-f a r e of o u r s eamen when ashore , t h rough Sea-n en ' s Homes . W e can never fo rge t that l i fe on the sea can never be a s comfor t ab l e a s l ife on land. T h o s e w h o go to sea m a k e cer ta in sacr i f ices ; and any c o u n t f v whose ci t izens will not m a k e the necessary sacrifice to serve at sea need not hope to wield any g r e a t deg ree of power on the seas. W e a re doing a splendid work , t he re fo re , in p rov id ing the c o m f o r t s and moral suppor t s of home for the gal lant lads when they come ashore . W e w a n t to m a k e Canad ian j>orts s a f e for o u r Sai lor boys .

( 3 ) A th i rd a im of the League is the t ra in-ing of boys and men fo r the M e r c h a n t Mar ine and for t he Xavy . T h e t r a in ing of men fo r the M e r c h a n t Mar ine in a lmost every count ry has been a m a t t e r of p r iva te en te rpr i se , a l though in t ime of w a r the M e r c h a n t M a r i n e becomes p a r t of the Xavy. T h e Xavy L e a g u e is t h u s vir tual ly t ra in ing the personnel fo r the Xavy in t ime of war , whe the r the im-media te des t ina t ion of the boys is the M e r -chant M a r i n e o r the Xaval Service.

W h e n al! is said and done , it is the per-sonnel of the fleet that m a k e s the fleet. X o t the ships, but the men , a r e p r imary . A n o t h e r nat ion is appa ren t ly t r y i n g to build a Xavy g rea t e r t han the Bri t ish, by a d d i n g mil l ions of tons of steel warsh ips , but I th ink its mos t ser ious difficulty will be t he finding of the per -sonnel f o r th is fleet. It is in personnel tha t the Bri t i sh fleet is so splendidly supreme . T h e call of the sea is in o u r blood. O u r fo re -f a the r s came f r o m the Old Land , w h e r e l i fe for a thousand yea r s has been spent on or n e a r the seas. T h e lure of t he sea is still in the blood, and calls t hem and us back to t he water . It is upon the. t r a in ing of the PERSONNEL that th is o rganisa t ion is concen-t r a t i n g its e f for t s . T h e work of the Naval Br igades is well k n o w n . I migh t add an i l lustrat ion of the need of such t ra in ing . It may not be genera l ly k n o w n that the c r ews of mos t of the vessels doing bus iness on the Pacific a r e m a d e u p of Chinese or Japanese . If t he re should be a w a r in which J a p a n o r China was in teres ted , very likely these men would be called home, and o u r Merchan t Ser -vice on the Pacific Coas t would be held up . }7rom wha t source of supply could these

c r ews be rep laced? W e mus t look ahead . W e cannot be su re tha t there will never be a n o t h e r war . Le t us no t m a k e the mis t ake of bel ieving too easily and wi thou t evidence such happy prophecies . T h e r e may be no E u r o p e a n w a r f o r a long t i m e ; bu t if w a r spr ings u p in any p a . t of the wor ld , o the r p a r t s may be involved. In the event of w a r , t he Xava l Br igades would be a source of sup-

« ply for all merchan t ships in need of c rews . T h i s t ra in ing of the boys is a wise p recau t ion w e may take in t ime of peace.

( 4 1 In the educat ional work , which the X a v y League is ca r ry ing on a m o n g the people of Canada , the impor t ance of a s t r o n g M e r -chan t Service should be emphas i sed . W e know we a r e now in bus iness compet i t ion with the wor ld . All political economis ts hold that the deve lopment of a sound expor t t r a d e is necessary to stabilise indus t ry . Bad t imes a r e never dominan t t h roughou t the whole wor ld at one t ime. T h e best way in which

' the indus t ry of any coun t ry can be stabilised is by developing an e x p o r t t rade. W e h a v e vas t s tores of r aw mater ia l in Canada , which, w h e n m a n u f a c t u r e d , a r e more than enough for ourselves . W e mus t , the re fore , develop e x p o r t t r ade , and to do this mus t develop our o w n sh ipping . W e n o w rank eighth in the wor ld in point of personnel and t onnage of ships.

•H T h e o the r d e p a r t m e n t of the League ' s edu-

cat ional p r o g r a m m e covers the deve lopment of a sound Xaval Policy. C a n a d a has been d iscuss ing this m a t t e r fo r the past eighteen years , since 1902. It is, of course , a good th ing to d iscuss m a t t e r s thoroughly , but at

^ some t ime w e m u s t reach decisions. Sure ly the t ime has now come w h e n Canada can de-t e rmine its Xaval Policy.

T h e wa r demons t r a t ed that sea power is absolutely vital to victory. 1 do not mean tha t by sea power a lone w a r s can be won, but sea power is vital, never theless . You cannot del iver your soldiers and their suppl ies and a m m u n i t i o n unless the way s of sea communica -tion a r c open .

fl L o n g a g o the seas were regarded as separ-

a t i ng c o u n t r i e s ; n o w we have a d i f fe ren t con-cept ion. Seas uni te . It is the sea tha t b inds toge the r all the pa r t s of the Bri t ish C o m m o n -wea l th . W e Br i tons a r e in an un ique


P. & O. ROYAL MAIL STEAMERS


and LONDON.


LUXURIOUS 16,000 TONS STEAMERS. CABINS DE LUXE.

ELECTRIC LIFTS.

For Fares and all further particulars apply to




pos i t ion . N e a r l y all t h e o t h e r e m p i r e s of t h e w o r l d a r e m o r e o r less c o m p a c t , bu t tile I i r i t -ish E m p i r e is essent ia l ly b o u n d t o g e t h e r by ihe sea . T h e r e f o r e , n o c o u n t r y h a s a r igh t t o d e m a n d tha t t h e Rr i t i sh E m p i r e d i spense wi th t h e N a v y . F o r sea p o w e r is t h e ve ry b r e a t h and l i f e of o u r I m p e r i a l C o m m o n -w e a l t h .

N o c ry a g a i n s t " N a v a l i s m " as be ing as d a n g e r o u s a s " M i l i t a r i s m " m u s t be a l lowed to a l t e r o u r a ims . S e a p o w e r h a s n e v e r been as soc ia t ed w i t h a u t o c r a c y o r o p p r e s s i o n , b u t a l w a y s w i t h d e m o c r a c y a n d f r e e d o m . . In m o d e r n h i s t o r y we find tha t all t h e t y r a n t s w h o t r i ed to d o m i n a t e E u r o p e w e r e bea ten by sea p o w e r . T h e r e is n o r ea son w h y w e shou ld f o r g e t t h e r igh t , w h i c h w e ce r t a in ly have , to p ro t ec t t h e l ines of c o m m u n i c a t i o n which link t o g e t h e r ou t f a r - f l u n g E m p i r e .

C a n a d a n o w t a k e s a n e w pos i t ion in the wor ld , ( a ) C a n a d a w a s r e p r e s e n t e d on t h e Imper i a l W a r Cab ine t d u r i n g t h e w a r . S o m e p e r m a n e n t o r g a n of c o m m o n de l i be ra t i on a n d ac t ion will h a v e t o t a k e its place. I h a v e n o d o u b t t ha t t h e pol i t ical g e n i u s of o u r people will dev i se t h e n e c e s s a r y body , w i t h o u t i n t e r -f e r i n g w i t h t h e local f r e e d o m of t h e cons t i tu -e n t , m e m b e r s of t h e E m p i r e . ( b ) C a n a d a w a s recogn i sed a s p o s s e s s i n g a na t iona l s ta tus , t h r o u g h o u r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s s ign ing the T r e a t y of Peace . T h e f u l l s ign i f i cance of th i s , a n d i ts c onse que n t respons ib i l i t i es , o u r c i t izens scarce ly yet real ise . E q u a l i t y of p r iv i l ege in-vo lves equa l i ty of respons ib i l i ty a n d sacrif ice.

E v e n b e f o r e t h e w a r C a n a d i a n s f e l t t h a t t hey w e r e no t b e a r i n g the i r f a i r s h a r e of t h e b u r d e n of m a i n t a i n i n g t h e N a v y , w h o s e p r o -t e c t o r a t e is e n j o y e d by eve ry p a r t of t h e E m -pi re . N o w t h e w a r h a s b r o u g h t t h i s fac t be-f o r e u s wi th inc reased fo rce . W e c a n n o t c la im pr iv i l eges a s a na t ion w i t h o u t a l so a c c e p t i n g respons ib i l i t ies . If w e a r e g o i n g t o accep t t h e s t a t u s t h a t h a s been g iven us , w e m u s t be p re -p a r e d to d o o u r s h a r e of the g e n e r a l w o r k in t h e I m p e r i a l f ami ly .

Y o u , n o d o u b t , r e m e m b e r w h a t h is R o y a l H i g h n e s s t h e P r i n c e of W a l e s sa id in M a s s e y M a l l : " T h e loyal ty of t h e D o m i n i o n s is a na t iona l loyal ty . T h e i r loyal ty is no t me re ly t o G r e a t Rr i t a in , b u t t o the Rr i t i sh sy s t em of l iv ing a n d of g o v e r n m e n t . T h e i r loya l ty is t o t h e Rr i t i sh E m p i r e a s a who le , of wh ich G r e a t Rr i t a in is on ly o n e p a r t . " T h e s e w o r d s a r e t r u e , bu t w o u l d , n o d o u b t , h a v e been con -s ide red rad ica l if said by a n y o n e else.

W e a r c n o l onge r " D a u g h t e r s " in t h e m o t h e r ' s f a m i l y , a s K i p l i n g h a s said , bu t " s i s t e r s in t h e o n e g r e a t f a m i l y . " T h a t is ab-solu te ly cons i s t en t wi th o u r u n i t y a n d loyal ty . N o body of C a n a d i a n s w o u l d f o r o n e m o m e n t p r o p o s e t o g o o u t s i d e t h e E m p i r e — w h i c h is t h e mos t g l o r i o u s L e a g u e of N a t i o n s t h a t h a s e v e r been k n o w n . W e a r c an E m p i r e one a n d ind isso luble . If so. w e m u s t pull o u r s h a r e of

• t h e load . W e c a n n o t m a i n t a i n o u r s e l f -respec t un le s s w e d i s c h a r g e o u r s h a r e of d u t y .

Y o u c a n n o t improv i se a N a v y in s ix m o n t h s , a s you m a y poss ib ly improv i s e an a r m y . W e m u s t s t a r t wi th t h e t r a i n i n g of boys f o r o u r M e r c h a n t M a r i n e , and t h u s become p r e p a r e d t o b e a r o u r b u r d e n of local and g e n e r a l d e -fence .

I be l ieve t h a t t h e only o n e of L o r d Jcl l i -coe ' s p l a n s t ha t will appea l to t h e C a n a d i a n peop le is the one which p r o v i d e s no t only f o r o u r o w n d e f e n c e , bu t a l so f o r o u r p a r t in t h e g e n e r a l s c h e m e of Imper i a l nava l s t r a t e g y .

I t fel l t o m y lot to see t h e G r a n d F lee t in t h e m o n t h of O c t o b e r , 1918, a b o u t a m o n t h b e f o r e " T h e D a y , " N o v e m b e r 20th , w h e n t h e G e r m a n H i g h Sea F lee t s u r r e n d e r e d . In t h e F i r t h of F o r t h I wen t u p a n d d o w n those t w e n t y mi les of m i g h t y steel s h i p s — b a t t l e -sh ips of t h e Q u e e n E l i zabe th type , d r e a d -n o u g h t s . ba t t le c ru i s e r s , s w i f t c ru i se r s , m o t h e r sh ips , t o r p e d o boa t s , s u b m a r i n e s and m a n y o t h e r s . I t w a s t h e ve ry e m b o d i m e n t of p o w e r . In t h a t n o r t h e r n h a r b o r w a s t h e f o r c e t h a t w a s rea l ly t h r o t t l i n g G e r m a n y . T h e r e w a s t h e ]X>wer tha t m a d e it poss ib le to c a r r y eve ry m a n a n d e v e r y ton of supp l i e s t h a t w e n t t o t h e ba t t l e f r o n t . T h e r e I s aw t h e " N e w Z e a l a n d , " which h a d been paid f o r a n d c o n t r i b u t e d by t h e people of N e w Zea l and . I s aw t h e " M a l a y a , " which h a d been c o n t r i b u t e d by t h e peop le of M a l a y a . 1 a lso s a w t h e " C a n a d a , " b u t I fel t s o r r y to t h i n k t h a t it h a d no t been d o n a t e d by t h e C a n a d i a n people . In sp i t e of t h e s u p e r b con t r i bu t i on we m a d e 011 l and in t h e G r e a t W a r , I r eg re t t ed t h a t w e w e r e no t r e p r e s e n t e d by a c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e G r a n d F lee t of even o n e sh ip .

A s t h e w a t e r s of the w o r l d a r e one , so m u s t t h e n a v a l s t r a t e g y of t h e E m p i r e be one . I n t h a t u n i t y C a n a d a will h a v e i ts sha re . T o h e l p people t o rea l i se h o w essent ia l t h e N a v y is, a n d h o w h o n o r a b l e a p a r t C a n a d a m u s t t a k e in t h e N a v a l D e f e n c e of t h e E m p i r e , a n d in t h e m a i n t e n a n c e of w o r l d peace and w o r l d f r e e d o m , is t h e a im of t h e N a v y L e a g u e .


T H E BOY SCOUT A N D CAMP. BY F . DAN VERS POWER.

AUSTRALIAN PARENTS ALERT! Have you ever realised what a Boy Scout is? Then, if not, read the

Boy Scouts' page in this Journal each issue. ' I t P R E P A R E D ^

The average Australian Scout is an out-of-doors boy, and the event to which he looks forward with the greatest pleasure during the year is the Christmas Camp He probably feels like the aboriginal who periodically craves for his ' walk about bush." The restrictions of civilization become irksome to many of us, and who is not glad to discard his coat and starched collar in favour of old clothes of the scantiest description which will not matter however much they get torn or stained ? It does one good to run wild occasionally. There is an unexpressed charm in walking close to Nature. You may in ignorance sit down on a convenient bull-dog ants' nest to rest your weary l imbs; but you do not stay there long, neither do you repeat the action, you ^ave learnt better, even if a friend does show you how to relieve the pain by rubbing the juice from the root of the bracken fern on the injured spot. There are many other iittle things that a scout picks up from practical experience, such as it is not advis-able to take food into his tent if he desires to keep out undesirable insects. But there is one thing he never seems to learn and in consequence he suffers much on account of his personal vanity, and that is to brown his skin gradually, thus avoiding blisters which too often spoils the con-tinuity of his skin, his temper and the last few days in camp.

There are camps of all sorts: moving camps when the scouts are on the t ramp: week-end camps : standing camps, etc., but nothing comes up to the Christmas camp which may take place just before, during, or after Christmas, according to circumstances, each Troop having to decide which is most suitable for its members. A Christmas camp is often the first camp a scout attends, and if well conducted leaves a favourable and lasting impression on his mind which, like a pipe, get more highly coloured with age! The camp is long enough for him to become accustomed iO the unusual surroundings, but not so long for him to get tired of them, so when the camp comes to an end he feels like the fat boy in " Pickwick," that he would like more and looks for* w i to the next one as an old camper.

For the proper control of any community, the persons comprising it must be subject to rules and

regulations : the fewer the better, but they must be to the point and obeyed. Rules are made for the benefit of the whole, so that things shall run smoothly, not for the purpose of imposing harass-ing restrictions It is well to have bounds, which need not be too narrow; not with the object of preventing a boy from enjoying himself or from visiting outside places, but so that the officer-in-charge, who is responsible for the well being of each boy entrusted to his care, shall know the direction a boy goes in if he travels a distance from the camp, then if the scout does not return within a given time, the Scoutmaster will know what direction to send in search of him in case the boy is lost or has met with an accident and requires assistance.

Boys seem to know by instinct who ' re their well wishers, and if they are looked on as intelligent beings who possess a quality known as " honour" and you take the trouble to explain matters to them, and give them places of responsibility, you will generally find they come out top. They may not perform an action exactly as you would wish, but after all they are learning, the effort has been made, and the result will be better next time. A man who undertakes to tackle boys must never forget that he was a boy himself once.

A camp of one or two weeks with scouts will piovide conditions which enables a Scoutmaster to know the boys individually better than any other means: conversely, the boys have an excellent opportunity of sizing up their Scoutmaster. The knowledge the Scoutmaster gains is invaluable to him in running the Troop. H e sees the strong and weak points in the character of each, and working on the information thus gained draws out the strong points and strengthens the weak.

Boys in camp barn an immense amount without knowing it. The boy who grumbles because his porridge is a little burnt at breakfast gets that feeling which makes one wondrous kind when his time comes round to be cook and he has a similar mishap. A boy new at camping, who keeps his tent mates awake the first night by talking after " lights o u t " has been sounded (a rather natural thing to do considering he is excited with the un-usual surroundings and cannot sleep), generally wishes to retire before the proper time the following

Continued on next page, column 2.


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THANKS.

ON behalf of the President, Executive and Members of the Navy League, opportunity is taken to thank the Proprietors of the Sydney Mot ning Herald, The Sun, Daily Telegraph, Evening News, Sunday Times, Australasian and Syuttey Mail for the publicity they at various times have given to theaims and objects of the Navy League, New South Wales Branch. To the Sydney Mail, Sea, Land and Air, and to Captain A. W. Pearse, the League is par-ticularly indebted for the loan and permission to use their blocks for the Navy League journal.

T H E BOY S C O U T AND CAMP.

Continued from page 8.

night. He probably has not noticed that the Scoutmaster purposely kept him busy all day in order to tire him out, and then laughs at the idea of a scout wanting to turn in before the usual time and miss the camp-fire yarns, mock trial, will-o-the-wisp or whatever happens to be the order of the evening. Camp is also a place where boys are taught cleanliness, not to be wasteful, to consider otheis and to keep their eyes open. Non swimmers learn to swim, for it is only half a camp if there is no bathing place near ; how to select a suitable site for a camp ; how to dispose of refuse ; how to pitch a tent by different methods ; how to select, provide and cook food suitable for active growing boys ; all this and more, to say nothing of bush-craft do the scouts learn, ana when camp is struck, with many regrets, the boys go home looking sun-burnt and well, having had a pleasant and instruc-tive holiday.

DAUGHTER: "Mother , may I take this letter to post ? "

MOTHER : " Certainly no t ! The weather is not fit for a dog to be out in it. Let your father take it."

A S K A F R I E N D T O J O I N T H E

N A V Y L E A G U E T O - D A Y .


OUR SEA CADET MOVEMENT.

In response to the Executive Committee's in-vitation the undermentioned have invested in the soundest dividend producing proposition of the year—The Navy League Sea Cadet Corps.

If you have not already invested do so now, and in a few months' time you will be writing to thank the League for accepting your cheque.

Already acknowledged in January issue of Journal

Bank of New South Wales Commercial Banking Coy. of Sydney Ltd. G. H. Hebden, Esq. .. . A. Littlejohn, Ksq Mercantile' Mutual Insurance Co , L td . ... Southern Coal Owners ' Agency G. S. Yuill & Co. , Ltd Queensland Insurance Coy., Ltd United Insurance Co. , Ltd. Mrs. Kelso King Sir Arthur Kickard, K B.E P. & O. S. N. Co. , Ltd Patrick Steam Navigation Co. H . W. Corry, E»q Sunday Times Newspaper Co. , Ltd. N. M. Thomson, Esq Win. Laidley & Co. , Ltd Pacific Coal Coy. The Sun Newspapers, L id . Alfred G. Milson, Esq » Batavia Fire Insurance Co. Victoria Insurance Co Sir Denison Miller, K . C . M . G Major Anthony Hordern , C . B . E . A. E Jaques, Esq Tooheys. Ltd. London Guarantee and Accident Insurance

Co Western Assurance Co Daily Telegraph Newspaper Co., Ltd. T h e Caledonian Insurance Co. S. Evans, Esq Marcus de Chateaubourg, Esq. Messrs. Banks Bros. & Metcalfe ... F. Osborne, Esq. Miss F. I - Maddox Captain F . G. Waley. C B E. .. . Australian Provincial Assurance Assn. L td . Alliert Herron , Esq.

^ 1 8 7 2 0 50 0 0 50 0 0 25 0 0 10 10 0 10 10 0 10 10 0 10 10 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 5 5 0 5 5 0 5 5 0 5 5 0 5 5 0 5 5 0 5 5 0 5 5 0 5 5 0 5 5 0 5 5 0 3 3 0 3 3 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0

2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

Received to 28/2/1921 •••£463 7 o

E X T R A C T S F R O M L E T T E R S A C C O M P A N Y I N G ' C O N T R I B U T I O N S .

" T h e project is an excellent one and we trust the appeal meets with the support it deserves."

'' Sincerely hope that you scheme will meet with unqualified success."

" Heartily wish the movement success." " A most worthy project." " H o p e that the efforts of the League meet with

the success they deserve." " Best wishes for the success of this highly im ^

portant movement." " May your efforts be crowned with complete •

suecess." And many more expressions of goodwill and

encouragement.

The whole-hearted efforts of Mr. Kelso King and Mr. Alfred G. Milson, have very largely con-tributed to the success met with to date. These two gentlemen have given of their valuable time freely and without stint to further ihe interests of the Navy League in New South Wales.

• • * T o Sir James Burns, Sir J. Russell French and

Mr. E. P. Simpson, for their invaluable assistance in connection with our appeal, much is also due.

" Parade, shun ! " Sixty Navy League Sea Cadets flashed to attention.

" By the right, quick march." Sixty thirteen-year-old boys moved off the parade ground at Snail's Bay, Balniain, and marched to St. John 's Hall with the rhythm of guardsmen.

At the hall one felt " one crowded hour of glorious life " as orie watched th t ordered array of agile limbs flash obedience to the will, and to the commands of the instructor.

It is truly remarkable that so much has been accomplished with raw material in a few weeks. But there is no secret. T h e material is pliable, it is willing, it is supremely cheerful. T h e instructors, without exception, are painstaking. They possess the human touch.

T o all the officers and boys present on the evening of 24th February we would say, "well done ! "

At the conclusion of the classes, Captain Beale, in the course of an address, explained to the boys the scope of the Cadet movement and what it was expected to achieve.

Bunting has been purchased at cost price and Mrs. Hammer has kindly offered to make it up into twenty sets of semaphore flags for signalling.

T h e offer of books to form a nucleus to a library for the Cadet Corps has been made by Mrs. Mayne. We gratefully accept.

More than anything else, we require boats for instructional purposes. T o commence, rowing boats will do. Who will help ?

I t is hoped that the difficulty in obtaining suitable uniforms for the boys will be overcome within the next two or three weeks.

As soon as the boys are in uniform it is proposed to invite every member of the League to come and see them at drill.


SOME OF OUR RECRUITS.

Plate lent by "Sydney Mail."

12 and 13 year old boys enrolling in Navy League Sea Cadets at Snail's Hay, Balmain.

Plata lent by Sydney Mail." K E E P I N G F I T .

T h e curriculum provides for a complete course of gymnastics.

12 12 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL.

T H E R O Y A I . C O L O N I A L I N S T I T U T E .

A B R A N C H OF T H I S A D M I R A B L E I N S T I T U T I O N HAS N O W B E E N F O R M E D IN S Y D N L Y .

T H K O B J E C T S ARK AS FOLLOWS: — TO work for the permanent unity of the British

Empire. T o promote patriotism, to educate the public

realisation of all that the British Empire means, and the great possibilities which its future holds out.

T o provide a comfortable place of meeting, and to bring together and promote social intercourse between residents in the United Kingdom and British subjects both at home and abroad.

T o encourage and facilitate the trade and in-dustry of the Empire ; especially by the collection and distribution of information and statistics regarding the openings for trade and the natural resources possessed by the various parts of the Empire.

T o arrange meetings of men of affairs from any, or all parts of the Empire, with a view to improving and co-ordinating the conditions of Empire Trade and industry.

T o keep emigration within the bounds of the Empire, by encouraging British people who wish to emigrate to settle in the British Dominions, instead of in other countries.

T o provide and maintain a special library of books on all subjects connected with the Empire for the use of, and loan to, its members. T o produce a first-class monthly magazine, " United Empire ," for free circulation among ail its Fellows and Associates, for the purpose of keepirg them in touch with matters of Imperial concern.

T o form a body of public opinion in favour of the recognition and adoption of the unifying principle that it is the duly of every British youth born under the British flag to train for the Defence of the Empire. .

T o encourage the study of the History, Geog-raphy and Resources of the Empire, especially in the Schools and Universities of the United King-dom and Overseas, and to give lectures and addresses in furtherance of this object. **

T o hold meetings for the discussion and a<j> vancement of subject of Imperial interest.

T o form Branches of the Institute in the United Kingdom, the British Dominions and British Communities in foreign countries. A

And generally, as a non-sectariar, non-partjt organization, to work for the good of the EmpAV in every possible way. -**

O U R ADVERTISERS. Readers of this Journal will render a direct

service to the Navy League by supporting our advertisers.

T H E R E D D U S T E R . (By Herber t M. Ayres).

On all the seas of all the world there passes to and fro.

Where the ghostly iceberg travels or the spicy trade winds blow,

A gaudy piece of bunting, a royal, ruddy rag— T h e blossom of the ocean lanes, Great Britain's

merchant flag. T h e cargo tank from Bristol, the trawler out of

Hull, And a thousand craft of all degrees, from Sydney

Heads to Mull. They bear the old Red Duster, proud-flung, across

the main, And, whether war or whether peace, they wear it

home again. T h e cannon's roar the channel o'er is heard in

Dover town, And now and then with Englishmen a British craft

. goes down. Safe hid at Kiel are ships of steel and underneath

their nose, With the old Red Duster at theii sterns, a fleet ol

England goes. A fleet, but not of battleships, though manned by

men as brave As they who guard their native shores upon the

blood-stained wave: A fleet that keeps its country's trade secure from

warfare's wrong, And brings great golden cargoes home from

Capetown to Hongkong They dare the North Sea's perils, the deadly

drifting mine ; They risk the sneaking submarines, the shrapnel's

fateful whine. They round the last grim headland, to open sea

they go With the old Red Duster flaunting in the face of

England's foe. T h e Holland ships go sailing by, the vessels of

Japan, And flying the Tricolour plunges many a

merchantman ; There 's only one flag missing, which was flown so

wide before— You may search the seas in vain for it from Jaluit

to the Nore. And so, their country battle-locked, the English

ships go by, Where the Arctic icepack tosses or the coral

islands lie. With the old Red Duster flying down the heaving

ocean ways, While to guard it men are dying as they died in

Nelson's days.


^ R I V E R S LTD. g 3 T


148 PITT STREET (NEXT Ctm SERVICE STMES)

A mere ment ion of the n a m e Rivers will bring to your mind wonderful c rea t ions in f r o c k s a n d s u i t s f o r M a d a m e a n d Mademoiselle — for Rivers has now established a reputat ion a m o n g b u y e r s of f a s h i o n a b l e apparel in every Sta te in the

Commonweal th .

Our Director has now re turned f rom London, Paris and New York,, where f rom the world's best houses goods have been personally selected for the c u r r e n t season. You a re invited to see these dist inctive styles. We have always t ime for

cour teous service.

RIVERS LTD. W. t . 5. HAYWARD, Dlnctor.

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M A N A G I N G A G E N T S AND A T T O R N E Y S IN A U S T R A L I A F O R

IE m m Sea Fire liarwt Ct.'j III mEIL FIANCAtS lisima CiiMiy LiwlH IE FANCIER ASSVHCC Ctayaay Liailri TIE MIYEtlil tlltS lisiriKt C»MD IWM TIE ItSfflttllll Miliar taarnct Ci. VNMAIt Fire tti lariat traraacc Ci. LiaiM

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S I M S - T H E FRIEND OF BRITAIN.

T h e Admiral ' s version of the happenings a t Sea dar ing the Great War.

T h e r e are few member s of the British race .ho, knowing anylh ing of him by repute or f rom pe.sonal acquain tance , have not got a warm corner in their hear ts for Admiral Sims, of the Un i t ed States Navy. T h e i r interest in him may be said to da te f rom a memorab le occasion a t t he Guildhal l four years be fo r t the war, when he m a d e bold to stale, without f«.ar of diplomatic or o ther consequences , that " i f the t ime should ever c o m e when the ISritish Empi re ' i menaced by European coalition, C' . rnt Britain r a n rely upon the last ship, the last dollar, ;!ie laM man, a n d the last d r o p of blood of her k insmen beyond t he sea." At this the political wiseacres shook their heads gloomily as they mur-mured , " C ' e s t magnifique, mais ce n'est pas la poli t ique." whilst their inmost hear ts v ibra ted to the sympathet ic chord touched t o life by the words of a f rank, generous-hear ted and transparent ly hones t sailor man .

A n d that Admirai Sims foresaw what Ge. .nan ambi t ion hud in view, a n d the response tha t would c o m e f rom his own country , was demons t ra t ed

clearly enough when on the morn ing of the 4 th May, 1917, t he British people learnt with a thrill of emot ion that a squadron of American destroyers had heen reported to ths westward of I re land and was d u e to reach Queens town that morning. A n d reach it they did , and when 011 landing C o m m a n d e r Joseph K . Taussig, the American c o m m a n d e r of the flotilla, was asked hy Admiral Bayly, the British c o m m a n d e r at Queens town, " When will you be ready to go to s e a ? " the p rompt reply came, " We are ready now, sir." T h u s arose a comrade-sh ip that began and cont inued to t he end in a spirit of loyal co-operation and with a feeling of respect and admira t ion each for t he other .

But before this had happened Admira l Sims had gone privately to Eng land and learned many things. Whilst in Ap-il, 1917, t he man in the street was rubbing his h a n d s a n d chuckl ing tr ium-phant ly at t he impotence of Li-boats to interfere in t he sl ighter , degree with his morning eggs a n d bacon, Admiral Sims was closeted at t he Admiral ty with Acmi ra l Jellicoe, who, " calm, smiling, and

THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL. IS

imper turable as usual ," was quietly telling him that t he sinkings of shipping, British and neutral , that had taken place that mon th indicated t he dest ruc-tion of nearly 900,000 tons ; losses th ree and four t imes as large as those that were being publ ished in t he Press. A con t inuance of this state of affairs indicated, as Admiral Sims was in formed, that the limit of endurance would be reached abou t t he 1st November , 1917. T h e n we read how Admiral Sims, splendidly suppor ted by Ambassador Walter H . Page, set themselves to bring h o m e to the Americanau' .hori t ies the magni tude of the situation.

" We are losing the war," he te legraphed to Washington, and a few days later sent a fur ther grave message, " Allies d o not now c o m m a n d the sea." H o w the Uni ted States answered this appeal and came to our assis tance in t he dreadfu l hour of need has been a l luded to above.

A n d what was the primary factor in bringing abou t the defeat of t he U - b o a t s ? T h e gallant destroyers, British and American, devotedly, un-tiringly, and splendidly as they d id their part , were unable a lone, owing to insufficiency in numbers , to accomplish it. I t was t he convoy system that eventually brought about the dest ruct ion of Ge rman hopes tha t had risen, not unnatural ly, to the highest point of t r iumphan t expec ta t ion—tha t wonderful convoy system that the skippers cf merchan t vessels had emphat ical ly stated to be unworkable . " I t is all r ight," they said, " for war vessels to manoeuvre in close format ion, for they spend their t ime in practising these formations, and it is second na tu re to them. But we can ' t d o it ! When in formation to manoeuvre our ships in the fog, or a t night, without lights, is impossible. We wou'd lose more ships by collisions than the submar ines would s ink." When asked by Admiral Jel l icoe whether they could sail in two a n d threes and keep station, t he discouraging answer c a m e that , 4 two might d o it, but th ree would be too many ." *

Despi te this the Admiral ty dec ided to send one exper imenta l convoy f rom Gibral tar . Naval Officers w t r e sen t to Gibral tar to instruct the merchan t masters in the detai ls cf assembling and conduc t ing vessels. Eight-knot ships were selected for the exper iment , a n d a n u m b e r of des t royers were assigned for their protect ion. T h e merchant captains, as was to b e expected, rt garde J t he whole enterpr ise suspiciously, but entered in to it with t he proper spirit. Wha t was the result ? O n the 20th May the first convoy arrived at its English des t ina t ion in perfect c o n d i t i o n ! As Admiral S ims writes, " T h e merchan t sailors found that they could d o practically everything which, in their conferences with t he Admiral ty, they had de-cla red they were unab ie to d o ! T h a t critical voyage mean t noth ing less than that the Allies had found the way of defeat ing t he G e r m a n submar ine . "

Admiral Sims tells many good stories, and amongs t t hem or.e perhaps unequal led in its grim

no te of tragedy. I t is the story of G e r m a n sub-mar ine tha t was de tec ted by some American sub-c h a s e r uni ts some 150 miles of Land ' s E n d . D e p t h charges were shot f rom tne 4 1 Y " guns, and present ly " listeners above clearly heard a scraping and straining, as though t he boat was making terrific a t t empts to rise. T h e r e was a lumbering noise such as might be m a d e by a heavy object trying to drag its hulk along the m u d d y b o t t o m ;

^this *as followed by a silence, showing tha t t he wounded vessel could advance only a few yards. A terrible tragedy was clearly beginning down there in the slime of t he ocean flo^r; a boat with twenty-five or thirty h u m a n beings or. board, was hopelessly caught, with noth ing in sight except the most lingering dea th . " T h e sub-chasers unhappi ly had n o more dep th charges, or they would prompt ly have put t he poor wretches out of their m i s e r y ; a n d so they listened for hours, until suddenly " a sharp, piercing noise c a m e ringing over the wires. I t was a sound that m a d e t he listeners' blood run cold. Only one thing in t he world could make a sound like that . I t was the crack of a revolver. T h e first report was hardly stilled when ano the r shot was heard, and then more in rapid succession T h e larger part of the officers and men, finding themselves tightly shut in their coffin of steel, had resorted to tha t escape which was not uncommonly availed of by German submar ine crews in this h ideous war. Nearly al! of them had commit ted suicide.

Admiral. Sims tells us of the wonderful mystery ships a n d the way in which German s u b m a r i n e , were decoyed to dest ruct ion ; of t he great mine barrage in t he Nor th S e a ; of fighting submar ines f rom the air, and of the many o the r amazi.ig activit ies in connect ion with t he ant i - submar ine campaign . But o n e th ing he makes c lea r—and it is a fact neve. to be fo igo t ten—tha t , whiist the des t royer was the protect ing arm of the convoy, the power tha t m a d e possible their operat ions >ras t he mighty force of the G r a n d Fleet cruising quiet ly in t he Nor th Sea. As Admiral Si 'ns so graphically conc ludes his chap te r on the adopt ion of t he convoy, " T h e world was preserved because the des t royer and the convoy solved t he problem of t he submar ine , and because back of these agencies of victory lay Admiral Beatty 's squadrons (afterward supp lemented by a fine squadron of American ships), holding at arm's length the G d r m a n surface ships while these comparatively fragile craf t were saving t he liberties of the world."

• This statement is rather remarkable in view of the fact lhat more than two years l*fore Admiral Sims' interview with Admiral Jellicoe at the Admiralty, a great fleet of 38 troopships, convoyed by 4 or 5 warships, conveyed the Anzacs to Alexandria, Egypt, '.bid. N . L j )

The Victory at Sea. By Rear-Admiral W. S. Sims. ( J o h n Murray. Pr ice 2 i s . net . )

16

FACTS O F V I T A L I M P O R T A N C E T O AUSTRALIA.

Recently the l a b o u r Premier of Queensland (Hon. E. (it Theodore) in the course of an address at the Brisbane Trades Hall, indulged in some plain speaking.

In stressing some very obvious truths, he said:— " T h e Labour movement had recognised the

necessity of filling up the spaces in Queensland and Australia. We could never hope to be a self-reliant ration unless we got more people in Australia. We would have to fill the empty spaces, for we were menaced at the present time by a danger which only too few recognised. That was the danger from the Asiatic.

This was no figment of imagination. Public men in France, to whom he had talked on this matter, ridiculed the idea of Australia being able to remain a white man's country with only a hand-ful of people holding 3 000,000 square miles of territory. Australia would one day be called upon to defend herself from Asiatic invasion. Anyone who doubted this lived in a fool's paradise."

T H E S I N G A P O R E OR P E N A N G C O N F E R E N C E .

It is understood that the Minister"for the Navy (Mr. I^aird Smith) stated tha t : " T h e visit of ihe cruiser Brisbane to Singapore will enable the Royal Australian Navy to be represented on an equal footihg with the Imperial Navy.

The visit will afford an opportunity for carrying out the recognised official policy of arranging meetings with units <>f Imperial squadrons for tl>e purpose of combined drills and exercises, to tl»e grtat gain in efficiency of the units concerned.

In view of the necessity for co-operation in war, it is considered co be of the utmost importance that the units comprising neighbouring squadrons should meet and exercise together in peace tinie, and it is to be obse-ved that the d e f e n c e ^ Australia is' closely associated with the problems which confront British fleets in the Pacific.

It wis originally intended that the Brisbane should take part in a series of fleet exercises which are now being car:ied out off the coast of New South Wales, and in which it is hoped that a cruiser from New Zealand will participate but it is the that the advantages of meeting and com-peting with the ships of the China and East Indies squadrons will outweigh those of carrying out the original programme

Furthermore, by using the Brisbane for this service the Department of the Navy has adopted an economical course, and one which will further uphold the prestige of the Commonwealth aityi enhance the efficiency of the service."

The Minister is reported to have said further "The journey will At . feat test to the Brisbane's value as a warship." The acid test ?

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1(5 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL.

SPEED UNDER SAIL A N D STEAM. By W.W.B

Several communications relative to the article " Speed Under Sail " which appeared in our January issue have come to hand. The writers, without exception, are satisfied that the fastest sailer the highways of the deep have ever known was the three-masted full-iigged ship Thermopylae of the Aberdeen White Star Line Their satis-faction is based on the smart maiden voyage of that very celebrated clipper.

One of our corresj>ondenls stated that the Thermopylae first passage from London to Mel-bourne occupied 60 days.

T o dispel any existing doubt and for the benefit of interested readers the following authentic record of the dates of departure and arrival is given : — Thermopylae sailed from London on the 7th November, 1868, and arrived a* Melbourne on 9th January, 1869. She w.is thus 63 days out from port to port, and from pilot to pilot her time was 61 days

A member of the League, Mr. H. A. Cork ran, has sent a cutting taken from the ' Sydney Morning Herald," of 12th March, 1910, con-

taining a very interesting article entitled "Ocean Greyhounds." The article deals with many famous wool and tea clippeis of 50 to 60 years ago. According to the writer of the article referred to, the two speediest ships under.canvas were the Aberdeen clipper mentioned above and the beautiful tea clipper Sir Lancelot.

I cannot find that cither one of these wonderful ships ever equalled, let alone surpassed the as-tonishing performance of the American built British owned 2,000 ton sailing-ship Red Jacket. This remarkable vessel covered 3,185 knots in ten days

in July 1854, at an average of 3185 knots a day. Such a record would stagger the skipper of a modern tramp steamer, and immortalise the "o ld man " of a present day wind-jammer.

Of course when we come down to the averrge speed of the average sailing ship v.e get into very low figures -poss ib ly 5 to 6 knots an hour, whilst on the other hand the 26 knots an hour of the record breaking turbine driven leviathans of the Atlantic passenger service eclipse the best that wind and canvas ever accomplished.

Courteiy " S-m. Lmni and Air."

FOUR-SEATER KI.YING BO.\T.


) T H E NAVY L E A G U E ' S N A V A L P O L I C Y

F O R T H E F U T U R E .

T h e Honorary Secretary of the New South Wales Branch of the League has received a Memorandum from London Headquarters out-lining the League's Naval Policy.

With that policy we agree. But we go further and say : permanent peace between the nations of the earth never will and never can be assured un-less the United States of America and the British Commonwealth of nations go hand in hand.

Any conference of nations from which America is absent would arrive nowhere.

For the sake of the human race, Britain and her associates dare not ignore the United States, and the United States for the same sacred reason cannot afford to pursue a policy of frigid aloofness and conspicuous isolation.

T h e salient features of thv* Navy League's Memorandum follow:—

1. There is no alternative to competitive building of ships of war except an international naval agreement, and this applies to whatever type of ship is considered to dominate the sea position for the moment, for there is increasing certainty thai new inventions will render obsolete, at shorter notice, all existing c r contemplated ships, but this will simply divert competition into newchannels, as it always has done.

2. In the Spring of 1917, when the danger from the LT-boats was at its highest, there was given to the English and American seamen especially,an opportunity of bearing remark-able witness to the influence of that sea-spirit of brotherhood which is their common birthright and her i tage; this was un-doubtedly one of the most significant lessons of the war.

3. T h e Navy l e a g u e holds that the time is now specially favourable for taking advantage of this lesson, and that it is for these two nations to give the lead in proposing a Conference between all those powers whose geographical positions impose upon them guardianship of the seas, and to decide in what way this joint guardianship may best be carried out.

4 There is no doubt that the spirit which makes for co-operation is to be found in greater measure amongst seamen than among the members of any other calling, for their oldest traditions are built on it. For this reason it is held that the proposed Con-ference should be largely composed of seamen who have held high commands at sea.

5. Let it never be forgotten that peace must be paid for as well as war, but the sacrifices involved are generally avoided by describing them as "visionary." or " i d e a l i s m " and beyond the range of those practical politics which have brought the world to its present position.

6. It would seem, however, that science, as applied to destructive agencies, is forcing us ever more rapidly to the conclusion that the highest idealism of all is the only practical alternative to world suicide.

7. T h e Navy l e a g u e holds that the sex-story in the past of Britain and the United States imposes on them mutually the duty of attempting to render to the world a still greater service, and for this reason it urges that the invitation to the proposed Con-ference should come from the two great Anglo-Saxon Nations jointly.

A prominent American newspaper proprietor in the person of Mr. William 1). Boyce, recently said : — " T h e real heart of America wants to work in close co-oj>eration with Britain. We are nothing more than a British colony after all. We fought shoulder to shoulder in the world war, and for that, if for no other reason, it is up to us to stick close together. And that is what we, on our part, mean to do, and that too. is, I am sure, the will of Australia."

We agree. We go further and say that a war between America and the British Commonwealth of Nations would spell disaster, absolute and final, for the white races of t he earth.

Captain F. G. Waley said he would get enough advertisements to fill a page in the Journal H e got them. Thanks . Captain Waley. Next please !

T h e poem entitled " T h e Red Duster," which appears elsewhere in this issue, was sent in by Mr. W. M. Garlinp, of Killara, and was published originally in " Sydney Morning Herald " of 20th November, 1915.

T h e Australian fleet, under the command of Commodore Dumaresq, C.B. , C.V.O.. R .N. , ' has been engaged at Jervis Bay in an extensive series of exercises.


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EDITORIAL NOTES AND NOTICES.

Contributions of a suitable nature are cordially invited, and should be addressed to the Editor.

Anonymous communications will not be enter-tained.

All alterations of standing advertisements must reach the Hon. Secretaries NOT LATKR than the 7th of the month of issue.

Correspondence of a business nature should be addressed to the Hon. Secretaries, Royal Naval House. Sydney.

' PHONICS: C I T Y 7 7 8 6 a n d C I T Y 6 8 1 7 .

N E W BLOOI).

I N C R E A S E D M E M B E R S H I P .

T h e Navy League was formed in England nearly 30 years ago. With Headquarters in London, its branches extend to almost every part of the Empire. The leaves are falling away from some of the branches and the branches themselves are ripening to decay. Apathy is the disease responsible for this state of affairs and its influences are not entirely absent from New South Wales.

The remedy is simple—the infusion of new blood.

Hand the pink enrolment form to a friend and tell him to fill in the required particulars, attach cheque or postal note and post to Navy league, Royal Naval House, Grosvenor Street, Sydney. Let it be the aim of every member to add at least one new member to the l e ague and so make the New South Wales Branch the strongest outside of Britain. You can do it on the train, tram, boat, road—in fact, anywhere where two or more are gathered together. Do it, do it now. The officers and instructors of our Cadet Corps are cheerfully and voluntarily giving much of their time to the strengthening of the League and the increasing of its pulling power. They do not count the cost or the personal sacrifice involved. Believing in the League's power for ultimate good, they work for it. The only reward they ask is " achievement." I f you love Australia and Australians, you will support the League in the way indicated, for the Navy League stands for the permanent integrity of Australia and the Empire.

Members of the Executive Committee are reminded that the meetings in connection with the Royal Naval House and the N.S.W. Branch of T h e Navy League are held at 3 p m. and 3.30 p.m. respectively on the second Monday of each month.*

T H E N A V Y LEAGUE.

PATRONS— II. K. The Governor-General

The Rt. Hon. Lord Forster, P.O.. O.C.M.G. H. K. The Sta te Governor Sir Wal te r Davidson. K.C.M.O.

P R E S I D E N T — The Hon. Sir Win. Cullen. K.C.M.O.

L I F E V I C E - P R E S I D E N T S — FrHnk Albert . Col. The Hon. Sir .lame* Burns . K.C.M.O. Sir Owen Cox. G.B.E. Sir T. A. Dibbs. .1. P. Frnnki . W. Scott-Fell. Sir lohr. Russell French. K.B.E Sir Samuel Hordern . K.B. C. .1. Hent.v. W. H. Kelly. Kelwo King. Edward W. Knox. The Hon. Sir A. W. Meeks, K.B.E. Alfred G. Milson. Sir Alex MarCormirk. M.D. F. Ksk Sendford . Hon. Ducald Thomson. N. M. Thomson. A. J . Warry .

ANNUA L VICE PRKSTDENTS— .1. M. Arnot t . F. E. Brvan t . H. W. Corry. George Gillespie. A. K. .laques, Rowland Macansh. F A. Mnddock. W. F. Ogilive. George A. Parkes . Captain A. W. 1'earse, F.R.G.S. Her rv M. Shelley. W. H. Tinslev. Dr . George W a t t .

L I F E F E L L O W S — Sir Robert Anderson. Lndy Anderson. Mrs. A. W. Allen. A. W .Allen. D. Benjamin. Mrs. Gordon Black. The Hon. Sir W. P . Cullen. K.C.M.G Lady Cullen. Mrs. W. D. Cargill. Cedric Ctmpbel l . R. P . Dnr.gnr. Mrs. Hugh Dixson. Hugh Dixson. Win. Di.-son. S. J . Evans. T. R. Fomte r . .1. O. Fa i r fax . C . B . E . Captain 8 . O. Green. F. W. Hixson, O.B.E. O. H. Hebden. Miss I. Hay . Mrs. Kelso King. Miss Olive Kelso King. The Rt . Hon Sir Adr isn Knox. P.O. John A. Manson. P . A. Morris . Lady Meeks. N. McCorquodale. F. W. Osborne. David Reid. Miss E. Alice Rogers. F. O. Sargood J . M. 8andv. — Col. O. W a t t . O.B.E. Ernes t A. Wat t . Mrs. Whi tney . F . O. White . W . J . Young.

To b* cfttimutd m ntxi inme.

W H O L L Y « S T OP A N D P N I N T F D IM A U S T R A L I A S V H * T . D U N N A N D CO. . R S I S Y L A N E . C I R C U L A R O U A Y . S Y D N E Y

J. C. Williamson's Attractions DIRECTION—J. C. W I L L I A M S O N . L I M I T E D .

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DOROTHY BRUNTON in "Baby Bunting"

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n — A t t a c h e Case of pol-ished leather, with pockets for paper, etc. 14 inches, 4 0 / 0 ; • 6, 8 0 / 0 ; 18. 03/ - . In supeiior qual i ty on .steel f rame, leather lined thro-ughout and two s t rong nickel locks. 14 i n . , 7 2 / 0 ; 16 in. , SO/-; 18 in., 87/0 .

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BRISBANE MELBOURNE LONDON.


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GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS of every description transacted at all branches in the principal cities and towns of Australia,

London (2), and Rabaul. SAVINGS BANK INTEREST 34 per cent, on deposits up to £1,000.

3 per cent, on deposits over £1,000 and not exceeding £1,300.

Savings Bank Agencies are also established at the following:—

Garden Island (Sydney), Naval Depot, WilHamstown (Victoria)

H.M.A.S. Tlnglra H.M.A.S. Encounter „ Australia „ Swan „ Sydney „ Parramatta „ Melbourne „ Platypus ., Brisbane

JAS. KELL. SIR DENlSON HILLER. K.C.1TO. Deputy Governor, 1921. tiovernor.

CONTENTS.

" Our Heritage, The Sea " - 3 Wreck of The Schomberg - 5 ̂ Our Indebtedness to The British

Navy - - - - - 7 The Boy Scout - 8 Navy League Sea Cadets - 10 Presentation of Flag and Address - 12 The June Conference - - 14 The Empire's Merchant Service

(Poem) - - 16 Editorial - 20

ILLUSTRATIONS. Chart of Pacific - - 4 Ancient Mariners - 11 A Sea Cradle- - - 1 1 Captain Cook, R.N. - 12 A Southerly - - 17



AMERICA Round the World Tours AFRICA Round Pacific Tours INDIA Round Eastern Tours CHINA Round Australia Tours JAPAN and Island Tours.


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C O W L E S & D U N N GUNMAKERS and IMPORTERS

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M E R C A N T I L E M U T U A L I N S U R A N C E

C O M P A N Y L I M I T E D

Bir t r tora : A. E. JAQUES, Chairman.

C. C. GALE. J. M. A T K I N S O N . T H E O . J. MARKS. L. J. DA VIES

F I R E M A R I N E A C C I D E N T and SICKNESS.

W O R K M E N ' S COMPENSATION, BOILER

EXPLOSION, M O T O R C A R , PUBLIC RISK

and P L A T E G L A S S INSURANCE.

Losses by Lightning, Bush Fires, and Gas Explosion Paid.

Cash Bonus to Policy Holders Every Year.

H E A D O F F I C E : 1 6 M A R T I N PLACE, SYDNEY.

KELSO KING. MANAGER.

The N a v y L e a g u e Journa l NEW SOUTH WALES BRANCH.

V o l . . I . S Y D N E Y , M A R C H , 1 9 2 1 . N o . 1 2 .

" O U R H E R I T A G E , T H E SEA." Ily courtesy ol the " Sydney Morning lleialti." we arc a l l .mid tci reprint hcicwilli the whole ul ihe leader

appearing in that Journal on the 24th March last. {Ait N./..J.)

T h e s p e a k e r s a t t h e l u n c h e o n of t h e A n c i e n t M a r i n e r s ' L e a g u e in S y d n e y H a r b o u r las t S a t u r d a y d r e w a t t e n t i o n t o a m a t t e r w h i c h is of t h e h i g h e s t i m p o r t a n c e t o t h e f u t u r e of A u s t r a l i a . T h e F e d e r a l D e f e n c e A c t of 1909 a n d its a d m i n i s t r a t i o n a r e b o t h f a r f r o m p e r -fec t , a n d t h e r e h a v e b e e n inev i t ab ly a b i g c r o p of a m e n d m e n t s s ince t h e p r i n c i p l e of c o m -p u l s o r y c i t i zen s e rv i ce w a s first m a d e t h e l aw of t h e l a n d . T h e w a r i n d i c a t e d a m e n d m e n t s o n t h e m i l i t a r y s i d e ; t h e r e a r e i m p r o v e m e n t s o n t h e n a v a l s ide e q u a l l y u r g e n t . U n d e r t h e A c t t h e s y s t e m is t h a t t h e R o y a l A u s t r a l i a n N a v y h a s first se lec t ion f o r sea t r a i n i n g of t h e y e a r l y q u o t a of c a d e t t r a i n e e s ( a g e d 1 4 ) . T h e r e m a i n d e r m u s t g o o n f o r m i l i t a r y t r a i n i n g . A s m a n y a s t h e n a v y c a n t r a i n it t a k e s ; m a n y o t h e r s e a g e r f o r n a v a l r a t h e r t h a n m i l i t a r y t r a i n i n g , it m u s t p e r f o r c e r e f u s e , b e c a u s e t r a i n -i n g d e p o t s a r e u t t e r l y i n a d e q u a t e . T h e s c h e m e t h u s w o r k s — c e r t a i n l y in t h i s S t a t e , a n d p r o -bab ly in t h e o t h e r S t a t e s , t o o — t o p r e v e n t y o u n g A u s t r a l i a n s f r o m g o i n g t o sea . I n N e w S o u t h W a l e s t h e r e is o n e n a v a l c a d e t s ' d e p o t a t N e w c a s t l e , t a k i n g a b o u t 3 0 0 b o y s a n n u a l l y f o r sea , i n s t e a d of l a n d , d e f e n c e t r a i n i n g ; a n d t h e r e is o n e in S y d n e y , w h i c h will t a k e 8 0 0 t r a i n e e - c a d e t s a y e a r . T h i s S y d n e y d e p o t is in R u s h c u t t e r B a y , a n d h a s a f e w b o a t s f o r e l e m e n t a r y b o a t - t r a i n i n g . T h e d e p o t c a n n o t by a n y m e a n s a b s o r b all t h e b o y s e v e n of S y d n e y — l e t a i o n e t h e r e s t o f t h e S t a t e — w h o

w a n t t o t r a i n f o r a sea c a r e e r o r t h e n a v a l r e s e r v e ; in f ac t , it is filled t o t h e l im i t s of i t s a n n u a l a c c o m m o d a t i o n solely f r o m a n a r e a w i t h i n a sma l l r a d i u s of t h e d e p o t i t se l f . Al l t h e r e m a i n d e r of t h e h a r b o u r a n d o t h e r s h o r e s of t h e m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a h a v e n o c h a n c e w h a t -e v e r t o s e n d a s ing le boy t o t h e n a v a l c a d e t s ' d e p o t . O f t h e t l e m a n d f o r i n c r e a s e d fac i l i t i e s f o r t h i s sea t r a i n i n g t h e r e is n o r o o m f o r d o u b t . l i v e n t h e R u s h c u t t e r B a y de|K>t. s e v e r e l y l im i t ed in i t s r e c r u i t i n g r a n g e , w a s filled t o i t s l imi t s of 8 0 0 b o y s in t h e first t w o m o n t ' i s of t h i s y e a r . T h e s e f a c t s speak w i t h t e l l i n g f o r c e . If t h e m i l i t a r y t r a i n i n g i r k s m a n y S y d n e y boys , m a y it no t be b e c a u s e t h e i r p e r s o n a l cho i ce is f o r n a v a l t r a i n i n g , a n d t h a t is d e n i e d t h e m ?

T h o s e w h o m a y q u e s t i o n w h e t h e r t h i s is rea l ly s o will be f u r t h e r e n l i g h t e n e d by t h e r e c o r d , e v e n o v e r a s h o r t p e r i o d , of t h e m o v e -m e n t t o t r a i n sea c a d e t s f r o m t h e a g e of 12 b y t h e N e w S o u t h W a l e s b r a n c h of t h e N a v y L e a g u e . F o r t h i s p u r p o s e t h e N a v y L e a g u e h a s r a i s e d s e v e r a l h u n d r e d p o u n d s a n d e s t a b -l i shed a d e p o t a t B a l m a i n . In a m o n t h i t h a s h a d s ix h u n d r e d a p p l i c a t i o n s f r o m b o y s of t h e s u r r o u n d i n g d i s t r i c t t o e n t e r i t s s c h o o l ; t h r e e h u n d r e d h a v e p a s s e d t h e m e d i c a l tes t a n d b e e n e n r o l l e d ; a n d o n e h u n d r e d ( t h e l imi t of t h e s c h e m e ' s p r e s e n t c a p a c i t y J a r e b e i n g t r a i n e d . T h e t r a i n i n g is in d i sc ip l ine , phys i ca l e x e r c i s e , b o x i n g , s i g n a l l i n g , t h e r u d i m e n t s of n a v i g a -


Courier "SUN" Ktwtpmptt. T h e Pacific Ocean , which has recently increased enormously in importance, from a naval point of view,

rumored that America intends to concentrate nearly the whole of her naval strength in the Pacific.

t ion, oarsmanship , swimming, and so f o r t h ; the t ime taken is two hour s each in two week evenings and every Sa turday a f t e rnoon . T h e figures above cited show the keenness of the boys. It may be added that on the occasion of a local carnival on a recent Sa turday , a great " d r a w " to the youth of the district, 89 of the 100 boys p re fe r r ed to at tend the Navy-L e a g u e school ra ther than go to the carnival. T h i s t ra in ing is not necessarily fo r the naval service, though the boys may, of course, elect for that if they wi sh ; the merchant service,

W O R L D ' S N A V A L S

number of cases a promis ing young sailor is obliged, to his na tura l resentment , to a t tend an infer ior sort of t ra in ing which a ims at mak ing him pass as a soldier. T h e effect can-not IK- good f r o m any jxtint of view. T h i s Commonweal th is still an island, though a large o n e ; its people are congregated, on the whole, by the seaboard ; ou r national l i fe de-pends on our sea t rade, anil the sea power which protects it antl everything else that is ours . T h e r e is a pronounced sea instinct in a large proport ion of Austra l ian you th—a fact

R A T E G 1 C C E N T R E .

It is

too, offers a fine career to great numbers of them. The Navy League has ground for be-lieving that if the Federal Government would interest itself in this development, shipping companies would contribute, too, towards the furnishing of sea-training sailing ships to im-prove the boys later on as sailors. Unfor-tunately, as matters are, the benefit of the Navy League sea-cadet scheme may be lost to the boys and to the country because the Federal Act requires them to abandon this training at 14—since facilities for naval cadet training are so limited—and undergo military training instead. It means that in a great

for which our statesmen should be profoundly thankful, since the breeding of a local race of sailors is a necessity if our authority is to en-dure in these seas. The eagerness for sea training reported by the Navy League looks like a signal of destiny; it demands proper re-sponse from the administration. Herein lies the beginning of an Australian merchant ser-vice, of Australian fisheries, vital reserves for the manning of our navy. Let the naval cadet depots be increased, and the surplus trainees, over and above those who elect for a naval career, enter the merchant service if they wish.


STORIES OF T H E COAST.

I.

WRECK OF T H E SCHOMBERG. BY CAI*T. J . I I . WATSON, F . K . A . I I . S .

The credit of being the first clipper to visit Port Jackson belongs to » barque named Phoenician, which sailed under ti e flag of George Thompson, of Aberdeen. The average passage of the best ships in this trade during the forties was 137 days, so when this new clipper came into port in 92 days it was something to talk about ; her best passage, however, was in 1S52, when she went home in 82 days, a feat very seldom done now by sailing ships. From the time she made her first trip, in 1849, may be dated the new era in shipping.

We are indebted to the United States for the birth of the clipper ; the discovery of gold in California caused such a rush of people to the Pacific side that it became absolutely necessary to find a quicker mode of transit for both passengers and goods to supply the rapidly growing popula-tion of San Francisco and the goldfields. Besides, the competition with the British merchants in the carrying trade to China and the East was rapidly developing.

In 1851 the wondeiful ships turned out in the American building yards placed the British builder on his mettle, and I«aing, of Sunderland, Hood and Hall, of Aberdeen, produced vessels that eclipsed anything built in the States.

Among the most noted from the Western side of the Atlantic in the Australian trade in the early fifties were the Liver|>ool ships Marco Polo, Red Jacket and Lightning. The quickest passages made by the former up to 1853 was outward to Melbourne 75 days and homeward in 76 days. The Red Jacket was sent to beat this, and made the outward run in 6 9 ^ and homeward in 7 3 ^ , thus beating anything ever accomplished by the Marco Polo. The owners of the latter (James Baines & Co.), not to 'be outdone, put on a ship, the Lightning, which the Boston Atlas termed a " nautical curiosity. Her bow is the sharpest and most concave that we ever saw, and astonishes every one that sees it. Nothing like it has been produced here. The general outline of the ship is beautiful."

. T h e command of her was given to Captain J. N. Forbes, of the Marco Polo, who had made such quick runs out and home in that vessel for four years. She followed the Red Jacket through Port Phillip Heads afterwards, her time being 7 7 ^ days. But the disappointment caused by this

defeat was compensated for by her homeward run of 63 days, beating the Red Jacket by 1 0 ^ days to the Mersey.

The owners of the celebrated ships, which under the Black Ball flag, were competing for the Blue Ribbon of the Southern Seas, were, however, not satisfied with the ships or the time they occupied on the voyage. They, therefore, no doubt, inspired by Captain Forbes, himself an Aberdeen man, went to the granite city for a ship ; and placed the order with Messrs. J. and W. Hall for a vessel of 2400 tons, which was completed and launched April 5th, 1855, having been built under the supervision of Captain Forbes. The Morning ChtonieU, a London paper, speaks of her in the most enthusiastic terms, describing her most thoroughly. She was the largest vessel of her day, magnificently fitted up, built to last and make passages. She had accommodation for 1000 people.

She was named Schomberg, after Captain Schomberg, R.N., the chief Government Emigra-tion Agent at Liverpool. On being taken round to that port she was most elaborately and sumptu-ously furnished, and sailed for her destination on 6th October, 1855, under the command of Captain James Nicol Forbes. The Liverpool Journal of September 22nd, 1855, winds up a long peroration with these words, " a n d we must congratulate Messrs. James Baines & Co. in having such a gentleman as Captain Forties to command this clipper. If it possibly can be done Captain Forbes will, with his gallant craft, put an end to all croakings about the inability of clipper ships to compete with steamers to Australia."

I t has been stated that at a banquet given to him at Liverpool before sailing, and in replying to the toast pf • The Guest," he said he would be at Melbourne, or a place generally said to b e hotter, in 50 days.

T h e Melbourne Argus on December 12th stated that " this magnificent clipper has now completed her contract time of sixty-five days."

T h e next thing heard of her was that she was a total wreck on the coast near Cape Bridgewater, having got there on the 26th December, eighty-one days after leaving the Mersey, or four days longer than the longest passage of any of the ships she was specially constructed to beat.

Continued CM F>AGT 9, tolumn 2.


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OUR INDEBTEDNESS TO THE BRITISH NAVY. PORTION OF AN ADDRESS D E L I V E R E D IN A D E L A I D E BY

PROFESSOR G . C . H E N D E R S O N , M . A . (OXOP.)

Great Britain and Australia are parts of one great Empire . They are both surrounded by sea, and between them and other parts of the Empire roll the great oceans of the world. It is because of this that the fleet has been able to render such great service in the past ; and it is only reasonable to expect that the safety of the Empire in the future will depend in great measure upon an efficient Imperial Fleet.

Th is s tatement will be challenged by those who argue that the invention of the submarine and the aeroplane has rendered the fleet obsolete. It does not appear that that is the opinion of the respon-sible advisers of the Brit'sh Government , and since they are the men who have technical knowledge and experience in the working of the great machine, their opinion is entitled to far more serious con-sideration than that of theorists. But, apart from that, we have experience extending over centuries to guide us in forming a judgment . Looking back over the past four centuries, we see that though there have been great and even fundamenta l changes in the art of warfare at sea, the history of the Navy has been cont inuous T h e invention of gunpowder and the manufacture of efficient cannon necessitated important changes in the sixteenth century. Drake understood them and adapted himself to them. T h e Spanish admiral did not, and chiefly for that reason the Spanish Armada was defeated. In the nineteenth century there were great changes again, due to the invention of the steam engine and explosives, and the hundred and one improvements in the scientific apparatus used on the lighting ships. Once again British seamen adapted themselves to the changes, with the results that have been revealed to us in the last great war. 'I he submarine and the aeroplane will necessitate great changes in naval construction in the future ; but is it likely they will be so great as to render the fleet obso le t e? Judging by the experience of the past, it is very unlikely indeed. T h e effect of a great convulsion such as that through which we have passed since 1914 is to make people think for the t ime that the continuity of history is broken. But very rarely indeed does that happen in human affairs. The re are periods of growth and decline, and sometimes rapid growth and rapid decline ; but gradual, not cataclysmic, change is the distinguishing characteristic of development in human affairs.

And the same argument may be used in answer to those who say that the establ ishment of a League of Nations has rendered the maintenance

of a great fleet not only useless, but positively per-nicious. T h e great object for which the League of Nations was inaugurated was the maintenance of the world's peace. Th is is a great and noble ideal, which every good man and woman will cherish and work for. But the immediate question is : By what means is that ideal most likely to be attained ? It has often happened in this world's history that schemes that look well upon paper have proved to be ineffective and even harmful in practice because they are out of harmony with prevailing conditions, or pre-suppose a degree of enl ightenment and unselfishness in human nature which can only be attained after long years of education and spiritual discipline. We are not unfamiliar with such schemes for the adminis-tration of industrial and national affairs. Is it not possible that in the League of Nations, too, we have a scheme of international government for which the nations of the world are not yet ready?

N o doubt there have been forces working through the previous centuries in the direction of a League of Nations ; but the history of the Holy Alliance and the Concert of Europe has already proved that so long as trouble arises from a small nation, leagues of this kind may work well e n o u g h ; but that when a great and powerful nation is the disturbing influence, they break down. Had all the great nations of the world joined this league wholeheartedly, af ter considering carefully all their commitments , much might have been expected from the league as at present consti tuted. But they have not. America is a great and powerful nation. She has so far refused to be bound to contr ibute military forces when called upon, and she will not give up the right to decide for herself what are domest ic as distinct from international questions. So far has she departed from the policy of the League as at present consti tuted that the declaration has gone forth that in three years' t ime she will have the greatest navy in the world. In view of the past history of Great Britain, whose very existence has depended upon sea power, what must be her answer to that declaration ? Only o n e — t h e one already referred to in the forecast of a great Im|>erial Fleet for the protection of the Empire as a whole. But if that is the only reply, what becomes of the limitation of armaments , which is the principal means by which the League of Nations hopes to preserve the peace of the world ?

T h e l e a g u e of Nations is a grand and noble idea l ; but the British Fleet is a grand and great reality, and in such high matters as self-preservation,

Continued on page 15


T H E BOY SCOUT.—THE BADGE SYSTEM. BY F. DAN VERS POWER.

AUSTRALIAN PARENTS A L E R T ! Have you ever realised what a Boy Scout is? Then, if not, read the

Boy Scouts' page in this lournal each issue. M P R C P A R C Q *

When a stranger meets a party of Scouts for the first time he generally wonders what the little badges sewn on different parts of the uniform indicate.

There are two kinds of badges : ist Rank ; 2nd Merit. These badges are only hired out to the wearer, not sold to him ; the object being that if a boy goes back on his scouts promise or does not keep up to the standard the badge indicates, the badge can be called in : 'Jgain, not being the owner, a boy has no right to sell or give away the badges to another, otherwise boys who have no connection with the Association might pose as scouts and by their actions give the movement a bad name. If, 011 leaving, a scout wishes to retain his badges as souvenirs, he is given permission to do £0, provided his behaviour has been satisfactory, and he gives his word he will not dispose of them to anybody else.

Until a newcomer has passed the required tests for the grade of Tenderfoot and has taken his promise, he is only a Recruit, not a Scout, and has no right to wear the scout's uniform ; but when he has qualified he becomes a Tenderfoot and as such is entitled to wear the Tenderfoot badge. This consists of a fleur-de-lis with a star on the two outer leaves. T h e badge worn on the uniform is worked on cloth and worn above the left-hand pocket. When in civilian clothes the sign is worn as a metal button in the left-hand lapel of his coat. T h e ordinary scout wears a brass button, the Patrol Leader a white metal button.

When a Tenderfoot advances to the 2nd Class Grade, he has a right to wear the 2nd Class badge in addition to the Tenderfoot badge, which is worn by all grades of scouts. This badge is worn on the sleeve of the left arm between the shoulder and the elbow and consists of a scroll, worked on cloth, with the Scouts Motto Be Prepared," and a small cord below it.

Each grade is more severe than the one before it, so to win the is t Class badge a scout has to pass a greater number of tests which are also more difficult. The ist Class badge is a large fleur-de-lis, worked on cloth, with a scroll under it similar to that forming the 2nd Class badge. This is worn on the sleeve of the right arm between the shoulder and the elbow.

On passing the 2nd Class grade a scout can, if he wishes, qualify for merit badges. A few boys with the true scout spirit prefer to win the ist Class rank badge first, and then they select the more useful merit badges in preference to those or less value, which are easier to win, while other boys commence badge collecting as soon as they become 2nd Class scouts and then begin with those considered the easiest irrespective of their relative usefulness. The object of the Merit Badges is to encourage scouts to obtain a useful working knowledge of the selected subjects. The badge is only a sign that the wearer has obtained a certain knowledge and he should not only keep up but increase his knowledge by practice. If a scout ceaces to be able to carry out what the badge he wears stands for, he is sailing under false colours and he can be told to hand in the badge until he rectifies matters. The examination for these badges are conducted by persons conversant with the subjects and may be oral, written, practical, or all three, dependent on their nature.

The activities in connection with scouting are so numerous that a boy must be very abnormal if he cannot find some that appeal to his tastes. Some of the badges have to do with trades and professions and by giving a boy an insight to them may in-fluence him in the selection of a vocation : among these may be mentioned the following badges as examples: blacksmith, carpenter, gardener, leather worker, laundryman, surveyor and tailor. Some badges are connected with sport, such a s : the horseman, marksman and swimmer's badges. Some deal with art and science, such as : the musician, naturalist and star-man. Then there are public utilities, such a s : the ambulance, missioner, and pathfinder's badges.

Merit badges are worn on the left arm, between the shoulder and elbow, except those which have-to be won in order to obtain the King's Scout bac'«»e which are worn on the right arm. The King's Scout badge is an oblong piece of cloth on which is worked a crown surrounded by an arched border. T o win this a scout must be a is t Class scout and have won the following Merit badges, the Pathfinder and three of the following : Ambulance, Cyclist, Rescuer, Fireman, Marksman

Continued next page, column 2.


EXCELSIOR COLLIERIES and COKE WORKS Ltd.

PR0PRIET0E8:

EXCELSIOR COLLIERY, THIRROUL, SOUTHERN COAL DISTRICT, N.S.V. , a N NEW GRETA

COLLIERY, GRETA, N.S.W. HOUSEHOLD, 8TEAM, AND

OA8 GOAL.

T H E BOY S C O U T — T H E B A D G E SYSTEM. CONTINUED.

or Signaller. In order that a King's Scout shall remain efficient, he has to pass the tests every year to warrant him in retaining the badge.

For each year that a boy has been a scout, pro-vided he has made satisfactory progress, he is entitled to wear a six pointed metal star on a green background above the left breast pocket of his uaiform. After five years' service a larger " Five-year Star " may be substituted for five of the above.

A Patrol l e a d e r who has charge of eight scouts, and a Troop l e a d e r wear a white metal fleur-de-lis and scroll below it on the front of their hats. T h e Troop l e a d e r also has three white pieces of tape sewn vertically on his left-hand breast pocket : the Patrol Leader two such pieces and his next in command called the "Second " one piece.

There are three kinds of all round cords which are worn over the right shoulder, the tassels being looped up in front. T h e green and yellow all round cord may be worn by a boy who is a ist Class scout and has six merit badges. The red and white cord is worn by a King Scout with twelve merit luidges, while the golden cord is worn by a King Scout who has won eighteen merit badges.

Suppliers o l Coal t o the principal S teamship Companies , New South W a l e s Government Rai lways , Brickworks, Manufactories , etc .

NEW GRETA COAL I S ONE OF T H E B E S T HOUSEHOLD AND GAS COALS PR DUCED IN AUSTRALIA

Managing Agents:

Kirton & Earnshaw Ltd. 6 3 P I T T S T R E E T , S Y D N E Y

N e w c a s t l e Office 1 CARRINGTON CHAMBERS, W A T T S T R E E T

I . — W R E C K O F T H E S C H O M B E R G . CONTINUED.

The passengers, 200 in number, were taken off by the steamer Queen, Captain Doran, her com-mander having seen the blue lights and rockets which Captain Forbes sent up. The sandbank on which she struck is 011 the Victorian coast, about five miles east of the Gellibrand River, and thirty-five west of Cape Otway.

T h e wreck was sold for ^ 4 4 7 18s., and com-paratively very little was ever recovered. Her remains still lie there, and some lime ago an attempt was made to recover 400 tons of lead which formed part of her cargo. The most serious charges were brought against Captain Forbes, and were of such a nature as to cause him to be placed on his trial in Melbourne, but the jury acquitted him.

Captain Forbes, in letters to the press, both Australian and English, maintained his seamanship was not at fault, and his character as a sailor remained unaffected. But for all that we hear no more of him in Australian ports.

A S K A F R I E N D T O J O I N T H E

N A V Y L E A G U E T O - D A Y .


NAVY LEAGUE SEA CADETS | R E A D Y 1 8 1 0 R E A D Y

A V E

SNAIL'S BAY DEPOT, BALMAIN.

Officer in C h a r g e : W. I - II.WIMKK.

Officers for Vautic.il Duties : H . H . MACDONAI.D a n d A . E D W A R D S .

Drill Superv isor : A. J . DAVISON.

E n g i n e e r O f f i c e r s : T . B . W H V T R , J . M C C A R R O X a n d N . F U R L K Y .

Signal Ins t ructor : O. G. MONK.

Physical Tra in ing In s t ruc to r s : A. MACDOUGAI. a n d A . W O O D S .

B u g l e I n s t r u c t o r : P . M A C D O N A I . D .

C h a p l a i n : R K V . ( I . F . B . M A N N I N G .

M e d i c a l O f f i c e r : D r . S T U A R T S H I R LOW.

S u r g e o n D e n t i s t : J O H N C . S P E E R S .

S e c r e t a r y : W . E . T U R N L B Y .

T h e services of the abovenamed are entirely voluntary and are given to the Navy League in an Honorary capacity.

I t is well to explain that when allusion to the depot is made in these columns, it is equivalent to referring to a depot ship. T h e land depot in this case is looked upon as a ship and it will be usual to employ nautical terms when describing the nature of the work per formed there.

T h e whole of the actual work involved in the equipping of the Depot is being performed by the Cade t s under the immediate supervision of their Officers and Instructors . T h e work is of such a nature as to be of immense practical value to the boys later on.

Stepping a 40 foot mainmast , sending aloft a 30 foot top mast, crossing a yard and securing the whole with an excellent set of stays, etc., is an achievement that the boys may well be proud of T h e critical eye of a rigger or an experienced sailing ship seaman could not find legitimate fault with the rigging and the " set " of the mast.

Members of the s tarboard and port watches are being sent aloft in a bosun 's chair in tu rns for the purpose of giving the mast a coat of paint.

In addi t ion to the teaching of seamanship the spars will be utilised for signalling and gymnastics.

Squad drill a n d physical exercises have taken u p the bulk of the time set apart for instructional purposes, owing to the lack of e q u i p m e n t : this, however, will not be the case hereafter .

With the acquisit ion of mariner 's compasses, rope for knott ing and splicing, flags and morse lamps for signalling, a hand lead for sounding a n d sundry other things that make up everyday life 011 board ship, the Officer-in-Charge has been able to divide the watches into Classes and so a rout ine curr iculum is now in operat ion thus ensuring ever increasing efficiency.


M E M B E R S OF THE A N C I E N T M A R I N E R S ' LEAGUE. S Y D N E Y . N.S.W.

• A I T H. I I . G I I E K N . ( A I T . J . SI. H A N K S Inn. ' Mil r . U T A. XV. WKMIIKI I . C l in in iMf l . I>r I III' Kimtoiih 'Mil H l m k Hal! L i n e . lul l ' H o n . H f i - r v m r y .

A C R A D L E I N T H E N l ' R S K R Y W H E R E H K M E N A B E M A D E

12 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL

N A V Y L E A G U E S E A C A D E T S — C o n t i n u e d . U n d e r an exper ienced inst ructor the four buglers

a n d two side d r u m m e r s a re making excellent progress.

• * *

T h e keenness a n d the ap t i t ude d isp layed by the whole uni t is amaz ing ami there is 110 shadow of d o u b t th.it f rom th is small beginning Austral ia can . if she so wills, build u p a breed of seamen second to none . T h e spirit of the sea, ail ' ! the des i re for the sea, is here I .et the Federal G o v e r n m e n t foster and ex end the m e a n s whereby

G . II. S m i t h . Ksr|. A n t h o n y l l o r t l e rn A Sons , I j J . W . Scot t Fe l l , Ksi|. T h e O r i e n t S. N. C o . , I.I.I. • Aust ra l ian Mutua l t i r e Ins. C o . , Lid. l l i i l ish 4 Fore ign Mar ine I n s m a n c e C o

Received 10 3 1/3/1921 £S°< 19

N O T I C E . At the Royal Naval House , Grosvenor Street ,

Sydney, a t 8 p.m., on T h u r s d a y , 2Nth April next, Mrs. Mayne will present a flag to t he Navy I-eague Sea Cadets .

I \ %

I CAPTAIN JAMES COOK, R.N.

the m o v e m e n t can deve lop in t h e in teres ts of our island nat ion.

In o rder t o provide the necessary a m o u n t of e q u i p m e n t for o u r Sea C a d e t C o r p s Depot at Snail 's Bay, Balmain, and to enab l e t he l e a g u e to purchase sufficient un i fo rms to c lo the t he C a d e t s we earnest ly h o p e tha t a few m o r e generous responses will b e m a d e t o o u r appea l for funds .

Our t h a n k s are d u e to t he u n d e r m e n t i o n e d :— Previously a c k n o w l e d g e d - - £ 4 6 3 7 o Messrs. G i b l x , Bright k C o . • l o 10 o

As T h u r s d a y , t he 28th April , is t he 151st Anniversary of the c o m i n g of Capt . J a m e s C o o k , R . N , an address , i l lustrated by lantern slides, dea l ing with the historic landing, will be given by C a p t . J . H Watson, of the Royal Austra l ian His-torical Society.

M e m b e r s of the Navy l e a g u e , t he Roya l Aus-tralian Histor ical Soc ie tyand the Anc i en t Mar iners ' League are cordially invited to be present .

THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL.

^ R I V E R S L T D . ^ s r


148 PITT STRLLT (NEXT CIVIL SHVICE STORES)

W . 4. S. H A Y W A R D , D i r e c t o r .

A mere ment ion of the n a m e Rivers will bring to your mind wonderful c rea t ions in f r o c k s a n d s u i t s f o r M a d a m e a n d Mademoiselle — for Rivers has now established a reputa t ion a m o n g b u y e r s of f a s h i o n a b l e apparel in every S ta te in the

Commonwea l th .

Our Director h a s now re tu rned f rom London, Paris and New York, where f rom the world's best houses goods have been personally selected for t h e c u r r e n t season. You a re invited to see these dis t inct ive styles. We have a lways t ime for

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THE m m Sea u< fire lisiraiee Ci.'s IN. L'EVEIl EIANCAIS t r a i n e e C r a w LlaiM IE EMCIEt t s a r u c e C n t i i y LiaiM TIE m i m ATLAS Inaraan C«a»«y LiaiM TIE lASMIICTIfl Mariat I n a r m Ci. KHHAIA Fire mi Mariae lasaraact Ci. LiaiM

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Melbourne Branch: 57 Queen Street Melbourne Tel . Central 7741

T H E J U N E C O N F E R E N C E .

TO MOULD THK t M I ' lkh 'S FUTURE NAVAL POLICY.

T h e E m p i r e C o n f e r e n c e in J u n e will give a welcome oppor tun i ty of discussing fully with t he Empi re ' s representa t ives t h e p rob lem of naval policy in relat ion to the family as a whole, a n d for the cons idera t ion of suggest ions lor mutua l co-opera l ion . T h e lines on which it is p roposed to proceed a r e towards t he deve lopmen t of t he sister navies u n d e r an admin is t ra t ive execut ive a n d unde r t he c o m m a n d of thei r own officers, each separa te navy being the responsibi l i ty of its own Govern-men t , and i m b u e d with t h e par t icu lar character-istics a n d spirit of its own people. All, however, will work in close co-operat ion u n d e r t he gu idance of a c o m m o n doc t r ine . If a war occur red in which t h e ' E m p i r e as a whole par t ic ipated t he var ious com|x>neiit navies would work in h a r m o n y o n a genera l s trategical policy previously dec ided .

T o ensu re such a r intel l igent co-opera t ion c o m m o n p i inc ip les of c o m m a n d a n d staff work a r e required . T h i s can only be deve loped by a un i fo rm system of staff t raining. I t is proposed t o gradual ly progress in this d i rec t ion by the a p p o i n t m e n t of Empi r e officers to t he naval staff,

t h e Admira l ty ar ranging for a cer ta in p ropor t ion of such officers yearly to u n d e r g o a naval staff course a t t he staff college.

I t is finally hojied to reach a posit ion where t he sister na t ions themselves are ab le to establ ish their own staff colleges, working on the s a m e lines a n d sys tem as t h e h o m e staff college.

T h e machinery requi red to apply these tenta t ive proposals of the navy policy canno t be indica ted unt i l cons ide red in c o n j u n c t i o n with t he Empi r e representa t ives .

A M E R I C A A N D A U S T R A L I A .

T h e r e is n o d o u b t a b o u t t he hear t iness of t he we lcome that will be ex t ended to t he officers a n d m e n of the Amer ican Pacific Fleet by t h e peop le of Austral ia should the ships of the great R e p u b l i c visit these shores in t he near fu ture .

M e m b e r s of the Navy l e a g u e can rende r fu r the r d i rec t personal service to Austral ia by do ing every-th ing in their power to assist the C o m m o n w e a l t h G o v e r n m e n t in its efforts t o m a k e t he Immigra t ion S c h e m e popu la r a n d successful .

IS

O U R I N D E B T E D N E S S T O T H E B R I T I S H N A V Y — C O N T I N U E D .

na t ions a n d empi res have to look to realities. At s o m e t ime in t h e fu tu re someth ing like a League of Na t ions may, a n d probab ly will, come. T h a t way the progress of civilisation lies. But s ta tesmen have t o keep a watchful eye on the present a n d the immed ia t e fu ture . I n their hear ts they may cher ish g rand a n d nob le ideals, bu t in thei i policies they mus t hold on to reali t ies tha t will work, es{)ecially those realit ies tha t have lieen a n d still a r e prepar ing t h e world for a bet ter t ime, when a League of Nat ions , or someth ing like it, will work.

A n d such a reality is t he British F'leet. For over o n e h u n d r e d years it has secured o n e quar t e r of the h u m a n race against invasion a n d in con-di t ions of com|>arative peace. T h e Pax Britannica is a reality, bu t mainly because the British Fleet has held c o m m a n d of t h e sea s ince Nelson t r i u m p h e d a t Trafa lgar . N o r has tha t | ieace been ma in ta ined a t t he exj tense of o t h e r na t ions in t h e world. T h e policy of Britain is not o n e of ag gtession. S h e does not want m o r e territory. S h e has enough . H e r chief interest lies in preserving the world 's peace. T h u s far t he work of t he British Fleet is in ha rmony w i t h t he ob jec t s of t he l e a g u e of Nat ions . But tha t is not all.

Within t he British E m p i r e itself, a n d u n d e r t he a i g i s of the British Fleet, t he re has grown u p a l e a g u e of Nat ions , a n d tha t league is o n e of t he great reali t ies of t he world to-day. I t has s tood t h e test of t he grea tes t war in history. I t represen ts a t least a beginning in t he progress of t he world toward a wider league, which may o n e day inc lude all t h e great na t ions . Hut unti l tha t day comes , unt i l we are sure tha t t he wider l e a g u e of Na t ions will work, it would be t he he ight of inqiolicy to a b a n d o n t he m e a n s already a t o u r disjiosal not only of preserving t he Pax Britannica, hu t also of gradual ly a t t a in ing to this wider a n d m o r e com-prehens ive league to which t h e peace of t he world may o n e day be en t rus t ed .

A U S T R A L I A A N D S T . H E L E N A

A LINK IN THE HISTORY OF THE BANISHMENT OF THE WORLD'S GREATEST MILITARY GENIUS.

T h e r e is residing in Sydney to-day t h e eldest son, now in his 87 th year, of the late Lieut . Freder ick Bedwell , who, as t he n o m i n e e of his godfa the r I jo rd Valencia , jo ined t he Roya l Navy in 1810, serving as m i d s h i p m a n in t h e " Wool-w i c h " — t h e n , D e c e m b e r 1811 till M a y 1815 in t h e " G r a m p u s " 50 guns , and t h e " Mar lbo rough , " " Scep t re , " and " Alb ion , " all 74 guns. H e was next in t he " N o r t h u m b e r l a n d , " 74, as master ' s mate , escor t ing B u o n a p a r t e to St . H e l e n a . In 1816 h e was in t he " W e y m o u t h , " s toreship . H e

t h e n sailed on a surveying expedi t ion to N e w Sou th Wales, a n d while the re was p r o m o t e d i n to t he s loop " B a t h u r s t , " Cap ta in Phi l l ip P a r k e r King. H e went back to Eng land , taking with him a kangaroo , which he gave to Ix>rd Valencia . Re tu rn ing to New South Wales he ret ired f rom the Navy 011 half pay in 1813. O n 7th Februa ry , 1832, lie marr ied a t St. J a m e s ' C h u r c h , Sydney, and with his wife set t led in t he I 'a terson River distr ict . Lieut . Bedwell d ied on the 1st May, 1853, a n d rests in t he chu rchya rd of St. Paul ' s a t I 'a terson, N.S .W.

I t is ex t remely d o u b t f u l whether the re lives a n o t h e r m a n in t he world at t he present t i m e whose fa ther was in the N o r t h u m b e r l a n d when she sailed on her m e m o r a b l e voyage to t he lonely island in t he South At lan t ic O c e a n .

T h e vessels a r i ived a t thei r des t ina t ion on the 151I1 Oc tobe r , 1815. B u o n a p a r t e l anded t he following evening.

T H E N A V Y LEAGUE.

LIFE TICK.PRESIDENT: K. I'. Hlnitwon

ANNUAL FELLOW'S. W . J . Adam* U. Miwm A Hard Mr*. J . Anion K. T. A u.l In Hon. Jaiik— Axhton M L.C. Captain A W. M. D'Apico Dr. H. W. Annlt Mr*. E M. A Mi win Archdeacon F. It. Hojce H. N. Black HI* Honor Judite BackhnuM! U I'. Ilaln Thn*. Hucklan.1 Dr. F. A. Bennett F. A. Bloomftald Dr. F. N. Blackwood Chas. H. Itrown H. K. Harff M l * H. K. Barff Wilfred Market!, K.C. A l r j n Htrd Dr. A. J . Brady George Blnnic Hon. K. J . Black. M I .C. O. r . Bailor Mr*. R. J . Black Mr*. A. O. H. Bond Mr*. Yonn Brown M i x Burn* Mm. J a m a , ItnrnK T. IL Bavin, M.L.A Wal ter Brnnton Mr*. Walter Brunton < aptain J. It. Barter Mr.. J . K. Barter A. Howntiui M. A. Black CapC W. W. Heale. U.H K. H. T. Bell G. S. Bouicott K. Prichard Baxwtt J . H. Bevan T. M. Bank .

r a p t . C. K. W. Mean A. L Blylhe Mr. . Buitdock Walter G. ( 'nine Jame* W. Clark H. KIIXMUII Crane Dr. W. H. Crago A. W. ChnrleU.n Mi*. L Cape Mi". Jrw.lt- Cap,-Mi**C. lUiMlat Carry Victor C. t 'ouldery K. Shirley Chapman Ronald Campla-ll Vlr .or Cohen «. B. < o h m ». J . Conril l . Mr*. S. J . CoKKln-R. W. Coktnohoun II. ( 'nrment F. G. f a t t e n , ! H. J. Clark H. B. t 'owpcr W . U Carter Mr*. Helen Coldham L. J . Davie*

L Deloitte Mi** Kiln. Dibb* Edward G I hi wo. Han bu r r Davie* Jame* McK. Ilemp*ler « ' . P. Dixon Hi* Honor Jndicv Docker Mr*. J . B. Dookin Mi— Florence lhiwea F. J . Don,,. Mr*. F. J . Doran H. V. Dixon A. J . Dodd* H. It. Dobbic R K. Dohrrty K. Dillon Ar thur Dunn

7 , bt [MJHMrf >'. mext ttnf,


T H E E M P I R E S M E R C H A N T S E R V I C E , 1914—1918.

Oh, down by Millwall Basin as I went the other day, I met a skipper that I knew, and to him I did say : " Now, what's the cargo, Captain, that brings you

up this way ? "

" Oh, I've been up and down (said he) and round about also.

From Sydney to the Skagerack, and Kiel to Callao. .

With a leaking steam-pipe all the way to Californ-i-o. With pots and pans and ivory fans and every kind

of thing, Rails and nails, and cotton bales, and sewer pipes

and string. . . . But now I'm through with cargoes, and I'm here

to serve the King !

And if it's sweeping mines (to which my fancy somewhat leans),

Or hanging out with bobby-traps for the skulking submarines,

I'm here to do my blooming best, and give the beggars beans !

A rough job and a tough job is the best job for me, And what or where I don't much care, I'll take

what it may be, For a tight place is the right place when it's foul

weathei at sea ! "

There 's not a port he doesn't know from Melbourne to New York ;

He's as hard as a lump of harness beef, and as salt as pickled pork

And he'll stand by a wreck in a murdering gale and . count it part of his work !

He's the terror of the fo'c's'le when he heals its various ills

With turpentine and mustard leaves, and poultices and pills . . .

But he knows the sea like the palm of his hand, as a shepherd knows the hills.

He'll spin you yarns from dawn to dark—and half of 'em are true !

H e swears in a score of languages, and maybe talks* in two!

And . . . he'll lower a boat in a hurricane to save a drowning crew.

A rough job or a tough job—he's handled two or three—

And what or where he won't much care, nor ask what the risk maybe . . .

For a tight place is the right place when it's wild weather at sea !

C F o x S M I T H ( " S p e c t a t o r . " )

Cbe

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SEA C A R E E R S .

At the meeting of the Ancient Mariners' l eague on the 19th inst. Mr. A. G. Milson, hon. secretary* of the New .South Wales branch of the Navy League, said that under the Defence Act a boy was compelled to train either in the navy or the army. The facilities provided for naval training were confined to 800 boys a year, whereas the military provided for from 20,000 to 30,000. At the present time Captain Brownlow could enlist boys in the naval cadets only within a small radius of Rushcutter Bay, and the whole of the boys along the rest of the harbour waterfront were debarred from naval training. The boys in Aus-tralia could earn more money ashore than afloat. Special attractions should therefore be provided, and boys should be shown the dignity anfl pleasure of the life they might lead upon the sea. They should be shown that scrubbing the deck or reefing a topsail was just as honourable a task as walking the quarterdeck, He asked Mr. Walter Marks if he could not get some amendment of the Defence Act to enable a boy to select either the navy or the army in which to perform his training. He thought the proposal contained in the resolution was an admirable one. They had recently started a Navy l e ague Sea Cadets' movement in Balmain, and they had already [tassed about 350 boys in that place alone. These l»oys were accepted at 12 years of age, but, as they had to be handed over to the authorities at 14 years, their two years of training might be lost if they had to go into the army.

Members of the Executive Committee are reminded that the meetings in connection with the Royal Naval House and the N S W. Bran:h of T h e Navy l eague are held at 3 p.m. and 3.30 p.m. respectively on the second Monday of each month.

RENEW TO DAY. Fellows and Members whose Annual Sub-

scription is overdue are respectfully requested to forward a cheque or postal note to the Hon. Treasurers.

The Navy League, Royal Naval House,

SYDNEY.

A W A R N I N G N O T E .

Speaking at a Navy League function at Christ-church, Lord Jellicoe remarked that one subject which would shortly come before the Imperial Conference was that of the Empire's naval strength.

Proceeding, he said : " AH I hope is that the Empire will realise in the future that unless its sea communications are secure in war it might as well shut up shop. The Navy leagues of the British Empire must endeavour to get it into the heads of the young people that the whole safety of the Empire lies in its sea communications. It is quite impossible for the E-npire to exist without that safety.

" You see arguments in the press whether the capital ship is dead, and whether submarines and aircraft are going to knock out surface ships. Whatever happens, your sea communications have got to be secure, and your sea communications, it is just as well to remember, for a great many years to come are bound to be carried on by ships that float upon the sea.

" The method by which these ships have to be defended is one for consideration by experts. I have my own ideas on the subject, but it is not for me to state them in the position I now occupy. But whatever the method of defence is it has to be one which will combat any menace with which it is likely to be brought into contact.

" If you see any nation building big capital ships or big capital cruisers, I think it will occur to you that it is difficult to combat a menace of that sort unless you have vessels of the same class to tackle it with."

T H E D I F F E R E N C E .

Before Nelson began his action in Aboukir Bay (1798), the different effect of oratory and tem-perament on the minds of the men on one of his ships was well shown. A Chaplain, rather a lugubrious person, desired to speak to them and they were formed up to listen to his usual dismal style of exhortation. With the result of a complete silence and not a pigtail quivered with enthusiasm — it appeared as though a slump had fallen on the prowess of the British Navy—then a young Lieut, of Marines was told to give an address. Making his personality felt, he said: " M y men—do you see that long low line of coast yonder, 4 Aye, Aye. Sir,' came the roaring response. Very well, said the Lieut, ' tha t is the land of Egypt and if you don't fight like the very devil you'll soon be in the house of bondage. ' " The cheers of his listeners told the speaker how his words had reached their hearts and the finish of the battle of " T h e Ni l e " told of the valour of the British Tar which has never dimmed from that day to this.


F R E N C H C L E A N E R A N D DYER.

g A L P H O N S E E V E N 0 G -5

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CIGARS.

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5 and 7 CASTLEREAQH ST., SYDNEY.

20

E D I T O R I A L . Contributions of a suitable nature are cordially

invited, and should be addressed to the Editor.

Anonymouscommunications will not be entertained.

Correspondence of a business nature should be addressed to the Hon. Secretaries, Royal Naval House, Sydney.

' P H O N E S . C I T Y 7 7 H 6 a n d C I T Y 6 8 1 7 .

" O N T H E SEA O U R DESTINY LIES."

The Prinie Minister of the Commonwealth made the above statement some time ago. It is an obvious truth. A truth that has since been emphasised by many other prominent men Still, all the word painting imaginable will not materially affect Australia's destiny. Actions will.

This Commonwealth's destiny will not lie on the sea unless its statesmen see the wisdom and value of training more of its sons for a career at sea. Every right thinking citizen knows that, too.

The limited facilities granted by the Defence authorities for the recruitment and training of boys for the sea services is totally inadequate. As a matter of fact, no provision has been made what-ever for the training of a percentage of the youth of the land for service in the merchant marine.

If Australians wish to exist as a nation they must see to it that the country does not discount the value of the Red Ensign and all that it stands f i r . The late war taught us that. It taught us that the great British Navy was only equal with the great British mercantile marine. Each was abso-lutely essential to the other. Our legislators, when framing schemes for naval and military recruitment and training will do well not to over-look the cradle from which our greatness springs —the Merchant Service.

Real Australians desire to see their Navy manned by the youth of their country, they desire likewise for the Merchant Service. They believe that the provision of sea-going merchant training ships is the real way to build up a reserve of efficient seamen against every possible emergency from without.

Three or four months ago this Journal pointed out the need and the practical utility of training ships under sail, and suggested that the Common-wealth Government should look into the matter. The League of Master Mariners, also recognising the vitrtl need for sea going training vessels, resolved at its meeting on the 19th inst. to request the Government to give its earnest consideration to this very important question. " On the Sea our Destiny lies." Mr. Hughes will remember. We believe he will act.

T H E N A V Y L E A G U E .

P A T R O N S -H. E. The Govenior .Geuera l

The Kt. Hon. Lord Korntcr. R C . . G C.M.G. H. K. T h e S t a t e Governor Sir W a l t e r Davidson. K.C'.M.G.

P K K S I D K N T -The Hon. Sir \V. P. Cullen. K.C.M.G.. etc.. etc.

L ieu tenant -Governor and Chief Ju s t i ce of New South W a l e s E X E C U T I V E C O M M I T T E K -

Sir Thou. A. Dibbs J . P. Franki . Esq.

Col. Sir J a m e s Hurn* Capta in F. G. Waley Sir J . Russell French Sir Joseph C a r r u t h e r s Edward W. Knox E*q. H. W. Corry. Esq. Kelso Kin*. EFO David Reid . Esq. Sir Samuel Hornern Sir A lexander MacCormick F W. Hixson. Esq A. Gordon Wesehe. Esq. Alf red G Milson. K*q. His Honor J u d g e Backhouse Capta in Pearse J . W. Clark. Esq. Capta in S. G. Green J . Payne . Esq. A. Consct t S tephen. Esq. The Hon A. W. Meeks W. H. Kelly, Esq A. J . W a r r y . Ksq. G. A. Parke*. Ksq. G. E. Fa i r fax . Esq E. P. Simpi-on. Esq. W a l t e r M. Marks . Esq. C. J . Henty . Esq. Pe te r Board. Esq.

CoL J . Macar thur-Onslow HON. M E M B E R S

Lieut -General G. L. Lee C.B.. D.S.O. Commodore J . S. Dumarcsq . C.B.. C.V.O., R.N.

Commodore H. M. Edwards . R.N. HON. T R E A St * R ICRS—

Sir Thos. A. Dibbs Sir J . Russell French Kelso King. Esq.

HON. S E C R E T A R I E S F. W . Hixson, Esq. Alf red G. Milson. Esq.

EDITOR N A V Y L E A G U E J O U R N A L -W . W. Beale. O.B.E.

T H E League is a str ict ly non-par ty organisa t ion whose p r imary object is to u r g e upon the Governmen t and t h e k lec to ra t e the pa r amoun t Impor tance of a n a d e q u a t e Navv a s the best g u a r a n t e e of peace. I ts agencies a re employed in educa t ing the Nation, especially the chi ldren, in the know-ledge of the pr inciples and uses of Sea Power , as a m e a n s whereby the rood, the industr ies , and the f loat ing commerce of the count ry a re sa fegua rded , and as the necessary bond a n d pro tec tor of tho Empire .

I. To advoca te the cont inued ma i n t enance of a n effect ive Navy. Mercant i le Marine, and Air Force, a s the fac tors essential for the secur i ty of the Empire .

•2. To encourage the scientific s tudy of Sea Power and i ts uses, a l ike in peace and war t ime , and to s t imu la t e interest a m o n g teachers and scholars in all Universi-ties. Colleges and Schools of the Empi re in the ach ievemen t s of the Boyal N a v y a n d Mercant i le Mar ine

X To ma in ta in and develop the N.L. Nava l Uni t s and Sea Cade t Corps, to es tabl ish T ra in ing Ins t i tu t ion , wherever possible to p repa re boys for a sea c a r e e r lo 1 lie end t ha t al iens m a y be e l iminated f rom t h e Brit ish Mercant i le Mar ine .

4. Tn assist the widows and dependen t s of officers and men of the Royal Navy, inc luding the Royal Aust ra-lian Navv. Royal Mar ines and Mercan t i l e Mar ine who have been in ju red or who h a v e lost the i r l ives in the W ar . and to e d u c a t e t he i r chi ldren.

H O W T O J O I N T H E N A V Y L E A G U E : Vice-Pres idents £.i 0 0 annua l ly .

for l ife . . « 0 0 Fel lows (Ladies & Gent lemen) 1 1 0 annual ly .

Do. Do. for l ife 10 10 0 Members , wi th publ icat ions

post f ree, not less t han .. 0 5 0 annua l ly . Juven i l e Members 0 1 0 annua l ly and u p w a r d s .

To T H E HON. S E C R E T A R I E S of T h e New South W a l e s Branch of the Navy League.

Royal Nava l House. Sydney . Please enrol my n a m e a s a -

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