The straight wire concept /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

The Straight Wire The Straight Wire ConceptConcept

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY

Leader in continuing dental education www.indiandentalacademy.com

www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

The straight wire conceptThe straight wire concept

““The birth of a new concept is never an all or none phenomenon. It The birth of a new concept is never an all or none phenomenon. It is a slow evolution with contributions from many. A new principle is is a slow evolution with contributions from many. A new principle is an inexhaustible source of new views”an inexhaustible source of new views”

““Nothing in education is more astonishing than the amount of Nothing in education is more astonishing than the amount of ignorance it accumulates in the form of inert facts.. However , it is ignorance it accumulates in the form of inert facts.. However , it is the amalgamation of these inert facts, put forward by the genius’ of the amalgamation of these inert facts, put forward by the genius’ of our profession, that has led to the high standard of the Preadjusted our profession, that has led to the high standard of the Preadjusted Appliance system which it has acquired today”Appliance system which it has acquired today”

““The beauty of this concept is that a more consistent, more ideal The beauty of this concept is that a more consistent, more ideal result can be obtained with less physical and mental drain on the result can be obtained with less physical and mental drain on the operator in less overall time and minimal discomfort to the patient.”operator in less overall time and minimal discomfort to the patient.”


The Straight Wire ConceptThe Straight Wire Concept

““The straight wire concept is not a product of serendipity, The straight wire concept is not a product of serendipity, but is a poetry in design. It is an appliance fully but is a poetry in design. It is an appliance fully programmed to combine simplicity and effectiveness programmed to combine simplicity and effectiveness required for the road to success”required for the road to success”

The genesis of the straight wire appliance was not a The genesis of the straight wire appliance was not a result of a single stray discovery, but rather the result of result of a single stray discovery, but rather the result of numerous experiments. Many individual innovations numerous experiments. Many individual innovations were distilled and combined to form this intricate design.were distilled and combined to form this intricate design.


EVOLUTION OF THE BRACKETEVOLUTION OF THE BRACKET

E- ARCH (1900)E- ARCH (1900) PIN AND TUBE PIN AND TUBE

APPLIANCE (1910)APPLIANCE (1910) RIBBON ARCH RIBBON ARCH

BRACKET (1915)BRACKET (1915) EDGEWISE EDGEWISE

BRACKET(1925)BRACKET(1925)# SINGLE WIDTH BRACKET# SINGLE WIDTH BRACKET# 2 SINGLE WIDTH BRACKETS# 2 SINGLE WIDTH BRACKETS# TWIN BRACKETS# TWIN BRACKETS# LEWIS BRACKET# LEWIS BRACKET# VERTICAL SLOT LEWIS BRACKET# VERTICAL SLOT LEWIS BRACKET# LANG BRACKET# LANG BRACKET# TIP EDGE BRACKET# TIP EDGE BRACKET# CONVERTIBLE BRACKET# CONVERTIBLE BRACKET# EDGELOCK / SELF LIGATING # EDGELOCK / SELF LIGATING BRACKET BRACKET



THE E- ARCHTHE E- ARCH

THE FIRST FIXED APPLIANCETHE FIRST FIXED APPLIANCE DESIGNED BY ANGLE IN 1900DESIGNED BY ANGLE IN 1900

USED STATIONARY USED STATIONARY ANCHOAGEANCHOAGE

TIPPED TEETH INTO NEW TIPPED TEETH INTO NEW POSITIONPOSITION

EXCPANDED THE ARCHEXCPANDED THE ARCH

X MESIO DISTAL TOOTH X MESIO DISTAL TOOTH MOVEMENTSMOVEMENTS

X INDIVIDUAL TOOTH X INDIVIDUAL TOOTH MOVEMENTSMOVEMENTS

X ROOT MOVEMENTSX ROOT MOVEMENTS www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com


THE PIN AND TUBE THE PIN AND TUBE APPLIANCEAPPLIANCE

BANDS ON ALL TEETHBANDS ON ALL TEETH TUBES SOLDERED TO TUBES SOLDERED TO

BANDSBANDS ARCH WIRE SOLDERED TOARCH WIRE SOLDERED TO TUBE WITH PINSTUBE WITH PINS

COULD BRING ROOTS INTOCOULD BRING ROOTS INTO AXIAL ALIGNMENTAXIAL ALIGNMENT VERY DIFFICULT TO VERY DIFFICULT TO

PARALLEL PARALLEL TUBE AND PINSTUBE AND PINS

SOLDERING AND SOLDERING AND UNSOLDERING PINSUNSOLDERING PINS

ROTATIONAL ROTATIONAL ADJUSTMENTSADJUSTMENTS www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com


THE RIBBON ARCH THE RIBBON ARCH BRACKETBRACKET

THE FIRST BRACKETTHE FIRST BRACKET DEVISED IN 1915 BY ANGLEDEVISED IN 1915 BY ANGLE BIG STEP IN EVOLUTION OF BIG STEP IN EVOLUTION OF

BRACKETSBRACKETS

ROTATIONAL MOVEMENTSROTATIONAL MOVEMENTS BUCCO-LINGUAL AND INCISO-BUCCO-LINGUAL AND INCISO-

GINGIVALGINGIVAL MOVEMENTSMOVEMENTS X DISTAL TIPPING OF BUCCAL X DISTAL TIPPING OF BUCCAL

SEGMENTSEGMENT X MESIODISTAL AXIAL MOVEMENTX MESIODISTAL AXIAL MOVEMENT X ARCH WIRE DID’NT PROVIDE X ARCH WIRE DID’NT PROVIDE

STABILIZATIONSTABILIZATION



THE EDGEWISE THE EDGEWISE BRACKETBRACKET

FINAL BRACKET DESIGN BY ANGLE FINAL BRACKET DESIGN BY ANGLE (1925)(1925)

BASED ON HIS “LINE OF OCCLUSION” BASED ON HIS “LINE OF OCCLUSION” CONCEPTCONCEPT

BRACKET WITH RECTANGULAR SLOTBRACKET WITH RECTANGULAR SLOT

0.022”X0.028”0.022”X0.028” ORIENTATION OF WIRE AT 90* ALONG ORIENTATION OF WIRE AT 90* ALONG

THE EDGETHE EDGE

OF THE RECTANGULAR WIREOF THE RECTANGULAR WIRE

MOVEMENT IN ALL 3 PLANES OF SPACEMOVEMENT IN ALL 3 PLANES OF SPACE TWIST AND TORQUE POSSIBLETWIST AND TORQUE POSSIBLE

GOLD BRACKET AND WIRE DEFORMEDGOLD BRACKET AND WIRE DEFORMED



SINGLE WIDTH BRACKETSSINGLE WIDTH BRACKETS THESE WERE ANGLES ORIGINAL EDGEWISE BRACKET DESIGNTHESE WERE ANGLES ORIGINAL EDGEWISE BRACKET DESIGN BRACKET WIDTH WAS 0.050”BRACKET WIDTH WAS 0.050”

ROTATIONAL MOVEMENTS WERE DIFFICULTROTATIONAL MOVEMENTS WERE DIFFICULT

TO OVERCOME THIS LIMITATION ANGLE SOLDERED EYELETS ONTO TO OVERCOME THIS LIMITATION ANGLE SOLDERED EYELETS ONTO BANDSBANDS

THESE EYELETS WERE TIED WITH LGATURES TO ALLOW ROTATIONTHESE EYELETS WERE TIED WITH LGATURES TO ALLOW ROTATION

REPEATED ADJUSTMENT OF LIGATURESREPEATED ADJUSTMENT OF LIGATURES RELAPSE IF TIES NOT CONTINUEDRELAPSE IF TIES NOT CONTINUED



TWO SINGLE WIDTH BRACKETSTWO SINGLE WIDTH BRACKETS

GREAT ROTATIONAL CONTROLGREAT ROTATIONAL CONTROL

ALIGNMENT OF BOTH BRACKETSALIGNMENT OF BOTH BRACKETS



TWIN BRACKETSTWIN BRACKETS ““SIAMESE TWIN BRACKETS”- SIAMESE TWIN BRACKETS”-

SWAINSWAIN 2 BRACKETS ON A COMMON BASE2 BRACKETS ON A COMMON BASE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE 2 DISTANCE BETWEEN THE 2

BRACKETS -0.050”BRACKETS -0.050”

EXCELLENT ROTATIONAL EXCELLENT ROTATIONAL CONTROLCONTROL

POSITIVE CONTROL ON THE POSITIVE CONTROL ON THE TOOTHTOOTH

4 SIZES- EXTRAWIDE,STANDARD, 4 SIZES- EXTRAWIDE,STANDARD, INTERMEDIATE,JUNIORINTERMEDIATE,JUNIOR

DECREASED INTERBRACKET SPANDECREASED INTERBRACKET SPAN THUS DECREASE RESILIENCY OF THUS DECREASE RESILIENCY OF

THE WIRETHE WIRE DIFFICULTY IN CLOSING LOOPS DIFFICULTY IN CLOSING LOOPS

AND 2AND 2NDND ORDER BENDS ORDER BENDS



LEWIS’ BRACKETLEWIS’ BRACKETSINGLE WIDTH BRACKETS WITH AUX UPSWEPT ROTATION WINGS FOR SINGLE WIDTH BRACKETS WITH AUX UPSWEPT ROTATION WINGS FOR

ROTATIONAL CONTROLROTATIONAL CONTROL

MISCELLANEOUSMISCELLANEOUSLANG’S BRACKETLANG’S BRACKET

VERTICAL SLOTSVERTICAL SLOTS

BROUSSARD’S BRACKETBROUSSARD’S BRACKET

TIP EDGE BRACKETTIP EDGE BRACKET

SELF LIGATING BRACKETSELF LIGATING BRACKET

CONVERTIBLE BRACKETSCONVERTIBLE BRACKETS


Straight wired!Straight wired!


BUILDING TREATMENT INTO BUILDING TREATMENT INTO EDGEWISE BRACKETSEDGEWISE BRACKETS

ANGLE (1929)ANGLE (1929) ANGULATED BRACKETS TO PRODUCE ANGULATED BRACKETS TO PRODUCE

TIPPINGTIPPING ANGULATED POSTERIOR BRACKETSANGULATED POSTERIOR BRACKETS

FOR ROOT MOVEMENTSFOR ROOT MOVEMENTS

TWEED (1941)TWEED (1941) ““ARTISTIC POSITIONING BENDS” IN ARTISTIC POSITIONING BENDS” IN

WIRESWIRES

FOR CORRECT AXIAL RELATIONSHIPSFOR CORRECT AXIAL RELATIONSHIPS



HOLDAWAY (1952)HOLDAWAY (1952)PUBLISHED A LANDMARK ARTICLE IN 1952 DESCRIBED 3 PUBLISHED A LANDMARK ARTICLE IN 1952 DESCRIBED 3 USES OF BRACKET ANGULATIONUSES OF BRACKET ANGULATION

AIDS IN PARALLELING ROOTS ADJACENT TO EXTRACTION AIDS IN PARALLELING ROOTS ADJACENT TO EXTRACTION SITESSITES

METHOD OF SETTING UP POSTERIOR ANCHORAGEMETHOD OF SETTING UP POSTERIOR ANCHORAGE

TO OBTAIN CORRECT AXIAL INLINATIONS.TO OBTAIN CORRECT AXIAL INLINATIONS.


HOLDAWAYHOLDAWAY



JOHN STIFTER JOHN STIFTER (1958)(1958)BRACKETS WITH MALE AND BRACKETS WITH MALE AND FEMALE ATTACHMENTFEMALE ATTACHMENT

IVAN LEE(1960)IVAN LEE(1960)BRACKETS OF UPPER BRACKETS OF UPPER ANTERIORS AND LOWER ANTERIORS AND LOWER POSTERIORS HAD TORQUED POSTERIORS HAD TORQUED SLOTSSLOTS

JARABACK (1962)JARABACK (1962)SUGGESTED THAT UPPER SUGGESTED THAT UPPER ANTERIORS BE TORQUED AND ANTERIORS BE TORQUED AND ANGULATEDANGULATED



IN 1960’S IN 1960’S MANUFACTURERS-MANUFACTURERS-

RAISED THE BASE RAISED THE BASE OF UPPER LATERAL OF UPPER LATERAL INCISORS TO INCISORS TO ELIMINATE ELIMINATE LATERAL OFFSETLATERAL OFFSET

MOLAR TUBES MOLAR TUBES WITH 10* OFFSET WITH 10* OFFSET AND TORQUE FOR AND TORQUE FOR ROTATIONAL ROTATIONAL CONTROLCONTROL


MANUFACTURER’SMANUFACTURER’S



LAWRENCE F. ANDREWS’ STRAIGHT LAWRENCE F. ANDREWS’ STRAIGHT WIRE APPLIANCE (1976)WIRE APPLIANCE (1976)

2 PRESCRIPTIONS2 PRESCRIPTIONS STANDARD (NON EXTRACTION)STANDARD (NON EXTRACTION) TRANSLATION (EXTRACTION)TRANSLATION (EXTRACTION)


CONCEPT OF THE PEA CONCEPT OF THE PEA APPLIANCEAPPLIANCE

THE CONCEPT OF THE PEA APPLIANCE EVOLVED THE CONCEPT OF THE PEA APPLIANCE EVOLVED FROM A SERIES OF 5 STUDIES CONDUCTED BY L.F. FROM A SERIES OF 5 STUDIES CONDUCTED BY L.F. ANDREWSANDREWS..

EXAMINATION OF POST TREATMENT OCCLUSIONEXAMINATION OF POST TREATMENT OCCLUSION STUDY OF NATURALLY OCCURING OPTIMAL STUDY OF NATURALLY OCCURING OPTIMAL

OCCLUSIONOCCLUSION THE SIX KEYS TO OPTIMAL OCCLUSIONTHE SIX KEYS TO OPTIMAL OCCLUSION CROWN MEASUREMENTSCROWN MEASUREMENTS COMPARISON OF TREATED AND NATURAL COMPARISON OF TREATED AND NATURAL

OCCLUSIONOCCLUSION


EXAMINATION OF POST TREATMENT EXAMINATION OF POST TREATMENT OCCLUSIONOCCLUSION

The first experiment was conducted in The first experiment was conducted in 19601960

Study models of hundreds of treated Study models of hundreds of treated cases submitted to the ABO, E. H. Angle cases submitted to the ABO, E. H. Angle Soc and Tweed Foundation considered to Soc and Tweed Foundation considered to be the state of the art in static occlusion in be the state of the art in static occlusion in the US.the US.


EXAMINATION OF POST TREATMENT EXAMINATION OF POST TREATMENT OCCLUSIONOCCLUSION

All models showed some common trends-All models showed some common trends- Molars were in Class I relationshipMolars were in Class I relationship Incisors were not rotatedIncisors were not rotated No overjet/ crossbiteNo overjet/ crossbite

But there were several inconsistencies like-But there were several inconsistencies like- Articulation?Articulation? Long axes of teeth adjacent to extraction sitesLong axes of teeth adjacent to extraction sites Inclinations and angulations variedInclinations and angulations varied 22ndnd molar not included molar not included Interdental spacing due to incomplete treatmentInterdental spacing due to incomplete treatment Rotation of teeth requiring translationRotation of teeth requiring translation No mounting to check functional occlusionNo mounting to check functional occlusion Co-Cr coordinationCo-Cr coordination


STUDY OF NATURALLY STUDY OF NATURALLY OCCURING OPTIMAL OCCURING OPTIMAL

OCCLUSIONOCCLUSION 22ndnd experiment, 1964, Help of experiment, 1964, Help of

A.G.Brodie (Univ of Illinois)A.G.Brodie (Univ of Illinois) With the presumption that With the presumption that

naturally occuring optimal naturally occuring optimal occlusion is worth emulating.occlusion is worth emulating.

120 casts of patients with 120 casts of patients with following features-following features-

Never had undergone Never had undergone orthodontic treatmentorthodontic treatment

Well aligned teeth, pleasing Well aligned teeth, pleasing appearanceappearance

Excellent occlusionExcellent occlusion Would not benefit from Would not benefit from

orthodontic treatmentorthodontic treatment

The facial axis and mid point of The facial axis and mid point of clinical crown of each tooth clinical crown of each tooth was markedwas marked www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

THE SIX KEYS TO OPTIMAL THE SIX KEYS TO OPTIMAL OCCLUSIONOCCLUSION

The third and most important experiment in the The third and most important experiment in the development of the preadjusted appliancedevelopment of the preadjusted appliance

The 6 keys individually were not new but put together The 6 keys individually were not new but put together were of special value as-were of special value as-

Complete set of indicators of optim al occlusion.Complete set of indicators of optim al occlusion. Judged by tangible landmarksJudged by tangible landmarks Judged from facial/ occlusal viewJudged from facial/ occlusal view


TERMINOLOGYTERMINOLOGY

Andrews PlaneAndrews Plane

Clinical CrownClinical Crown


TERMINOLOGYTERMINOLOGY

Crown AngulationCrown Angulation

Crown InclinationCrown Inclination

FACCFACC

FA PointFA Point ClassClass TypeType


Six KeysSix Keys

Key 1Key 1Molar Interarach Molar Interarach relationshiprelationship

Mesiobuccal cusp of the permanent Mesiobuccal cusp of the permanent maxillary molar occludes in the buccal maxillary molar occludes in the buccal groove of the perm mand molargroove of the perm mand molar

Distal marginal ridge of the upper 1Distal marginal ridge of the upper 1 stst molar molar occludes with the mesial marginal ridge of occludes with the mesial marginal ridge of the lower 2the lower 2ndnd molar molar

Mesiopalatal cusp of the upper 1Mesiopalatal cusp of the upper 1stst molar molar occludes in the central fossa of the lower ist occludes in the central fossa of the lower ist molarmolar

Buccal cusps of upper premolars in the Buccal cusps of upper premolars in the embrasures of the lower premolarsembrasures of the lower premolars

Palatal cusps of upper premolars in a cusp-Palatal cusps of upper premolars in a cusp-fossa relationship with lower pmsfossa relationship with lower pms

Upper canines in cusp embrasure with lower Upper canines in cusp embrasure with lower caninescanines

Upper anteriors overlap the lower anteriors Upper anteriors overlap the lower anteriors


Six KeysSix Keys

Key 2Key 2

Crown AngulationsCrown Angulations Essentially all crowns have Essentially all crowns have

positive angulationpositive angulation Gingival potion of FACC distal Gingival potion of FACC distal

to occlusal portionto occlusal portion All crowns of tooth type have All crowns of tooth type have

similar angulationssimilar angulations Tip pattern is consistent for all Tip pattern is consistent for all

individualsindividuals Important esp anteriorlyImportant esp anteriorly


Six KeysSix Keys

Key 3-Key 3-Crown InclinationCrown Inclination

Maxillary incisors have positive Maxillary incisors have positive inclinationinclination

Mandibular incisors have slight Mandibular incisors have slight negative inclinationnegative inclination

Interincisal angle<180*Interincisal angle<180* Max incisor +ve inclination > Max incisor +ve inclination >

mand incisor –ve inclmand incisor –ve incl Upper Central> LateralUpper Central> Lateral Upper 345 –veUpper 345 –ve Upper 67 more –veUpper 67 more –ve Mand= progresively -ve Mand= progresively -ve


Six KeysSix Keys

Key 4-Key 4-Absence of rotationsAbsence of rotations

Key 5-Key 5-Tight contactsTight contacts

Key 6-Key 6-slight to flat curve of slight to flat curve of speespee


CROWN MEASUREMENTSCROWN MEASUREMENTS

44thth study involved the study involved the measurement of crowns measurement of crowns in the sample for-in the sample for-

• Bracket area of tooth typeBracket area of tooth type• Vertical crown contourVertical crown contour• Crown angulationCrown angulation• Crown inclinationCrown inclination• Maxillary molar offsetMaxillary molar offset• Horizontal crown contour Horizontal crown contour • Facial prominenceFacial prominence• Depth of Curve of SpeeDepth of Curve of Spee


CROWN MEASUREMENTSCROWN MEASUREMENTS

UpperUpper 11 22 33 4,54,5 66

AngulationAngulation 55 99 1111 22 55

InclinationInclination 77 33 -7-7 -7-7 -9-9

ProminenceProminence 2.12.1 1.651.65 2.52.5 2.42.4 2.92.9

Molar OffsetMolar Offset 10*10*

LowerLower 11 22 33 4,54,5 66

Angulation Angulation 22 22 55 22 22

InclinationInclination -1-1 -1-1 -11-11 -17,-22-17,-22 -30-30

ProminenceProminence 1.21.2 1.21.2 1.91.9 2.352.35 2.52.5Curve of SpeeCurve of Spee 0-2.50-2.5


COMPARISON OF TREATED AND COMPARISON OF TREATED AND NATURAL OCCLUSIONNATURAL OCCLUSION

The 5The 5 thth study compared 1150 treated study compared 1150 treated cases with the measurements and the six cases with the measurements and the six keys.keys.

KEY 1-KEY 1-- - Most cases showed Angle’s Class I molar relationship. Most cases showed Angle’s Class I molar relationship.

However,However, The distal marg ridge of upper 6 x mmr of lower 7The distal marg ridge of upper 6 x mmr of lower 7 Pm’s and canines didn’t show a cusp- embrasure Pm’s and canines didn’t show a cusp- embrasure

relationship relationship



KEY 2-KEY 2-Values= +/- 2 was considered incorrectValues= +/- 2 was considered incorrect91% of cases had 1 or more teeth with incorrect angulation91% of cases had 1 or more teeth with incorrect angulationUpper laterals and canines showed –ve angUpper laterals and canines showed –ve angUpper 6 ranged from -ve in non ext to +ve in ext casesUpper 6 ranged from -ve in non ext to +ve in ext cases

KEY 3-KEY 3-Values +/- 2 was considered incorrectValues +/- 2 was considered incorrectInterincisal angle on FACC > 180* in 78% casesInterincisal angle on FACC > 180* in 78% casesUpper 456 not always -veUpper 456 not always -ve



KEY 4-KEY 4-Rotational errors were measured using angle between Rotational errors were measured using angle between

contact points and arch form. contact points and arch form.

Values= +/- 2 was considered incorrectValues= +/- 2 was considered incorrect

67% of cases had rotations esp. teeth that were translated67% of cases had rotations esp. teeth that were translated

KEY 5-KEY 5-47% showed spacing due to incorrect angulation47% showed spacing due to incorrect angulation

KEY 6-KEY 6-56% showed excessive curve of spee56% showed excessive curve of spee


CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

FEW TREATED CASES FOLLOWED FEW TREATED CASES FOLLOWED THE 6 KEYSTHE 6 KEYS

INTER ORTHODONTIST TREATMENT INTER ORTHODONTIST TREATMENT PRIORITIED VARIEDPRIORITIED VARIED

NO CHANGE IN 10 YEARSNO CHANGE IN 10 YEARS


PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES

ALL TEETH OF SAME TYPE WERE SIMILAR IN SIZE ALL TEETH OF SAME TYPE WERE SIMILAR IN SIZE AND SHAPEAND SHAPE

SIZE OF CROWN HAS NO EFFECT ON ANGULATION, SIZE OF CROWN HAS NO EFFECT ON ANGULATION, INCLINATION OR PROMINENCEINCLINATION OR PROMINENCE

MOST PEOPLE HAVE NORMAL TEETH MOST PEOPLE HAVE NORMAL TEETH REGARDLESS OF OCCLUSIONREGARDLESS OF OCCLUSION

JAWS MUST BE CORRECTLY RELATED FOR JAWS MUST BE CORRECTLY RELATED FOR OPTIMAL OCCLUSIONOPTIMAL OCCLUSION

DENTITIONS WITH NORMAL TEETH IN JAWS THAR DENTITIONS WITH NORMAL TEETH IN JAWS THAR ARE/ CAN BE CORRECTLY RELATED CAN BE ARE/ CAN BE CORRECTLY RELATED CAN BE BROUGHT TO OPTIMAL OCCLUSIONBROUGHT TO OPTIMAL OCCLUSION


SHORTCOMINGS OF THE SHORTCOMINGS OF THE STANDARD EDGEWISE STANDARD EDGEWISE

APPLIANCEAPPLIANCE

1.1. BRACKET BASES BRACKET BASES PERPENDICULAR PERPENDICULAR TO THE STEMTO THE STEM

PROBLEMS IN SLOT PROBLEMS IN SLOT INCLINATIONINCLINATION

PROBLEMS IN PROBLEMS IN OCCLUSO-GINGIVAL OCCLUSO-GINGIVAL POSITIONPOSITION



APPLIANCEAPPLIANCE2. BRACKETS NOT 2. BRACKETS NOT

CONTOURED CONTOURED OCCLUSO-OCCLUSO-GINGIVALLYGINGIVALLY

PROBLEMS IN SLOT PROBLEMS IN SLOT INCLINATIONINCLINATION

PROBLEMS IN PROBLEMS IN OCCLUSO-GINGIVAL OCCLUSO-GINGIVAL POSITIONPOSITION



APPLIANCEAPPLIANCE

3. BRACKETS NOT 3. BRACKETS NOT CONTOURED CONTOURED MESIO DISTALLYMESIO DISTALLY

PROBLEMS IN SLOT PROBLEMS IN SLOT SITINGSITING



APPLIANCEAPPLIANCE

4. SLOTS NOT 4. SLOTS NOT ANGULATEDANGULATED

EACH CROWN HAS EACH CROWN HAS ANGULATION.ANGULATION.

WHEN A FULL SIZE WHEN A FULL SIZE WIRE IS INSERTED WIRE IS INSERTED RESULTANT RESULTANT ANGULATION ANGULATION INCORRECT.INCORRECT.

IF BRACKET IF BRACKET ANGULATED ONLY 2 ANGULATED ONLY 2 POINT CONTACT.POINT CONTACT. www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com


APPLIANCEAPPLIANCE

5.5. BRACKETS STEMS BRACKETS STEMS OF EQUAL OF EQUAL PROMINENCEPROMINENCE

6.6. MAXILLARY MAXILLARY MOLAR OFFSET MOLAR OFFSET NOT BUILT INNOT BUILT IN

IST ORDER BENDS IST ORDER BENDS REQUIRED.REQUIRED.



APPLIANCEAPPLIANCE7. 7. ANGULAGTION ANGULAGTION

LANDMARKS DIFFEREDLANDMARKS DIFFERED LONG AXIS OF CROWN –LONG AXIS OF CROWN –

NOT VISIBLENOT VISIBLE LONG AXIS OF TOOTH- LONG AXIS OF TOOTH-

NOT VISIBLENOT VISIBLE INCISAL EDGE- INCISAL EDGE- TOO FAR AWAY,TOO FAR AWAY,

MAY BE CHIPPED MAY BE CHIPPED LATERAL CURVEDLATERAL CURVEDCUSP TIPS?CUSP TIPS?

MARGINAL RIDGES – TOO MARGINAL RIDGES – TOO FAR AWAYFAR AWAY

CONTACT POINTS– NOT CONTACT POINTS– NOT VISIBLEVISIBLE



APPLIANCEAPPLIANCE8. 8. INCLINATION INCLINATION

LANDMARKS LANDMARKS DIFFEREDDIFFERED

LONG AXIS OF LONG AXIS OF CROWN –NOT VISIBLECROWN –NOT VISIBLE

BRACKET HEIGHT BRACKET HEIGHT FRON CUSP TIPFRON CUSP TIP



APPLIANCEAPPLIANCE8. 8. EXCESSIVE WIRE BENDING REQUIREDEXCESSIVE WIRE BENDING REQUIRED TO INITIATE/ MAINTAIN TOOTH MOVEMENTTO INITIATE/ MAINTAIN TOOTH MOVEMENT TO COMPENSATE FOR SLOT SITING TO COMPENSATE FOR SLOT SITING

ERRORSERRORS TO COMPENSATE FOR ERRORS IN WIRE TO COMPENSATE FOR ERRORS IN WIRE

BENDINGBENDING TO COMPENSATE FOR SIDE EFFECTS TO COMPENSATE FOR SIDE EFFECTS

OFWIRE BENDINGOFWIRE BENDING



APPLIANCEAPPLIANCE PRIMARY BENDSPRIMARY BENDS

11STST ORDER -46 BENDS ORDER -46 BENDS22NDND ORDER- ORDER- 33RDRD ORDER- ORDER-ERRORS- 30 BENDSERRORS- 30 BENDS

SECONDARY BENDSSECONDARY BENDSFOR ERRORS INFOR ERRORS INSLOT SITINGSLOT SITINGWIRE BENDINGWIRE BENDINGJUDGEMENTJUDGEMENT

TERTIARY BENDSTERTIARY BENDSLOOPS, STOPS ETCLOOPS, STOPS ETC


DESIGN FEATURES OF THE DESIGN FEATURES OF THE NEW APPLIANCENEW APPLIANCE

SLOT SITING FEATURES SLOT SITING FEATURES

CONVENIENCE FEATURESCONVENIENCE FEATURES

AUXILLIARY FEATURESAUXILLIARY FEATURES


SLOT SITING FEATURESSLOT SITING FEATURES

MID TRANSVERSE PLANE MID TRANSVERSE PLANE THE MID TRANSVERSE PLANE OF THE SLOT, STEM THE MID TRANSVERSE PLANE OF THE SLOT, STEM

AND CROWN MUST COINCIDEAND CROWN MUST COINCIDE BASE SHOULD HAVE SAME INCLINATION AS THE BASE SHOULD HAVE SAME INCLINATION AS THE

FACIAL PLANEFACIAL PLANE BASE CONTOURED OCCLUSO GINGIVALLY TO BASE CONTOURED OCCLUSO GINGIVALLY TO

MATCH CROWN CURVATUREMATCH CROWN CURVATURETHESE FEATURES ELIMINATED-THESE FEATURES ELIMINATED-

X 2X 2NDND ORDER BENDS FOR OCC-GIN DISHARMONY ORDER BENDS FOR OCC-GIN DISHARMONYXX 33RDRD ORDER BENDS FOR INCLINATION ORDER BENDS FOR INCLINATIONXX OTHER BENDS FOR SIDE EFFECTSOTHER BENDS FOR SIDE EFFECTS



MID SAGGITAL PLANE MID SAGGITAL PLANE THE MID SAGGITAL PLANE OF THE SLOT, STEM AND CROWN THE MID SAGGITAL PLANE OF THE SLOT, STEM AND CROWN

MUST COINCIDEMUST COINCIDE THE PLANE OF BASE AT BASE POINT SHOULD BE IDENTICAL THE PLANE OF BASE AT BASE POINT SHOULD BE IDENTICAL

TO FACIAL PLANE AT FA POINT TO FACIAL PLANE AT FA POINT BASE CONTOURED MESIODISTALLY TO FIT EACH TOOTHBASE CONTOURED MESIODISTALLY TO FIT EACH TOOTH VERTCAL COMPONENTS PARALLELTO EACH OTHERVERTCAL COMPONENTS PARALLELTO EACH OTHER

THESE FEATURES ELIMINATED-THESE FEATURES ELIMINATED-XX 1ST ORDER BENDS FOR MOLAR OFFSETS AND M-D SLOT 1ST ORDER BENDS FOR MOLAR OFFSETS AND M-D SLOT

SITINGSITINGX 2X 2NDND ORDER BENDS FOR OCC-GIN DISHARMONY AND ORDER BENDS FOR OCC-GIN DISHARMONY AND

ANGULATIONANGULATIONXX SECONDARY BENDS FOR SIDE EFFECTSSECONDARY BENDS FOR SIDE EFFECTS



MID FRONTAL PLANE MID FRONTAL PLANE THE MID FRONTAL PLANE OF EACH THE MID FRONTAL PLANE OF EACH

SLOT MUST SUPERIMPOSE ON IT’S SLOT MUST SUPERIMPOSE ON IT’S CROWN’S PROMINENCE PLANECROWN’S PROMINENCE PLANE

ALL SLOTS SHOULD HAVE SAME ALL SLOTS SHOULD HAVE SAME DISTANCE FROM EMBRASURE LINE DISTANCE FROM EMBRASURE LINE

THESE FEATURES ELIMINATED-THESE FEATURES ELIMINATED-

XX 1ST ORDER BENDS1ST ORDER BENDSwww.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

CONVENIENCECONVENIENCE FEATURESFEATURES

o GINGIVAL TIE WINGS GINGIVAL TIE WINGS LATERAL TO SEALATERAL TO SEA

NO GINGIVAL IMPINGEMENTNO GINGIVAL IMPINGEMENT EASY LIGATIONEASY LIGATION

o STEMS OF LOWER 456 STEMS OF LOWER 456 GINGIVALGINGIVAL

• NO OCCLUSAL INTERFERENCESNO OCCLUSAL INTERFERENCES

o FACIAL SURFACES OF FACIAL SURFACES OF UPPER 123 PARALLEL UPPER 123 PARALLEL TO BASES IN TURN TO BASES IN TURN PARALLEL TO CROWN PARALLEL TO CROWN FACEFACE

o LIP COMFORTLIP COMFORT


AUXILLIARYAUXILLIARY FEATURESFEATURES

COUNTER BUCCOLINGUAL TIP IN UPPER 6’SCOUNTER BUCCOLINGUAL TIP IN UPPER 6’S COUNTER MESIODISTAL TIP COUNTER MESIODISTAL TIP COUNTER ROTATIONCOUNTER ROTATION TRANSLATION BRACKETSTRANSLATION BRACKETS MAX TRANSLATION BRACKETSMAX TRANSLATION BRACKETS MEDIUM TRANSLATION BRACKETSMEDIUM TRANSLATION BRACKETS MIN TRANSLATION BRACKETSMIN TRANSLATION BRACKETS POWER ARMPOWER ARM


STAGES OF TREATMENTSTAGES OF TREATMENT

ANCHORAGE CONTROLANCHORAGE CONTROLLEVELLING AND ALIGNINGLEVELLING AND ALIGNINGOVERBITE/ OVERJET CONTTROLOVERBITE/ OVERJET CONTTROLSPACE CLOSURESPACE CLOSUREFINISHINGFINISHING


ANCHORAGE CONTROLANCHORAGE CONTROL

WITH THE INCREASE IN THE TIP THERE IS A WITH THE INCREASE IN THE TIP THERE IS A GREATER TENDENCY OF THE ANTERIORS GREATER TENDENCY OF THE ANTERIORS TO PROCLINETO PROCLINE

UPPER>LOWERUPPER>LOWERSOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

OMEGA LOOP STOPSOMEGA LOOP STOPS MOLAR TIE BACKSMOLAR TIE BACKS TPA, LINGUAL ARCH, HGTPA, LINGUAL ARCH, HG CLASSIII ELASTICSCLASSIII ELASTICS ARCH WIRE BENT DISTALLY BEHIND MOLARARCH WIRE BENT DISTALLY BEHIND MOLAR


LEVELLING AND ALIGNINGLEVELLING AND ALIGNING

TWO PROBLEMS TWO PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH ASSOCIATED WITH THE PEATHE PEA

ROLLER COASTER ROLLER COASTER EFFECTEFFECT

NEED FOR NEED FOR OVERCOMPENSATIOVERCOMPENSATIONON


OVERBITE CONTROLOVERBITE CONTROL

DEEP BITE DUE DEEP BITE DUE TO CANINE TIPTO CANINE TIP

A.A. WHEN CANINES WHEN CANINES WERE UPRIGHT / WERE UPRIGHT / DISTALLY TIPPEDDISTALLY TIPPED

B.B. ROLLER COASTER ROLLER COASTER EFFECTEFFECT


SPACE CLOSURESPACE CLOSURE

MOST SIGNIFICANTMOST SIGNIFICANTSLIDING POSSIBLE BECAUSE OF THE SLIDING POSSIBLE BECAUSE OF THE

STRAIGHT WIRESTRAIGHT WIRE


FINISHINGFINISHING

FINISHING REQUIRED MINIMAL WIRE BENDING TO FINISHING REQUIRED MINIMAL WIRE BENDING TO COMPENSATE FOR VARIATIONS IN TOOTH SHAPE, COMPENSATE FOR VARIATIONS IN TOOTH SHAPE, SIZE, ERRANEOUS BRACKET POSITIONING OR SIZE, ERRANEOUS BRACKET POSITIONING OR OVERCORRECTIONOVERCORRECTION

TIP CONTROL- ADJUSTMENT MAY BE NEEDEDTIP CONTROL- ADJUSTMENT MAY BE NEEDED TORQUE CONTROL-NEEDED IN UPPER AND LOWER TORQUE CONTROL-NEEDED IN UPPER AND LOWER

INCISORS.INCISORS.

LOWER MOLARS -VE TORQUE, UPPER MOLARS-LOWER MOLARS -VE TORQUE, UPPER MOLARS-+VE ROOT TORQUE+VE ROOT TORQUE

ARCH WIDTH ADJUSTMENTSARCH WIDTH ADJUSTMENTS ROTATIONAL CONTROLROTATIONAL CONTROL CURVE OF SPEE CORRECTIONCURVE OF SPEE CORRECTIONwww.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

MM AA XX MM AA NN

TIPTIP TORQUETORQUE OFFSETOFFSET TIPTIP TORQUETORQUE OFFSETOFFSET

CENTRALCENTRAL 55 77 22 -1-1

LATERALLATERAL 99 33 22 -1-1

CUSPIDCUSPID 1111 -7-7 55 -11-11

11STST PM PM 22 -7-7 22 -17-17

22NDND PM PM 22 -7-7 22 -22-22

11STST MOLAR MOLAR 55 -9-9 1010 22 -30-30 00

22NDND MOLAR MOLAR 55 -9-9 1010 22 -33-33 00

ORIGINAL PRESCRIPTIONORIGINAL PRESCRIPTION


TOOTHTOOTH TIPTIP TORQUETORQUE

CLASS ICLASS ITORQUE TORQUE CLASS IICLASS II

TORQUE TORQUE CLASS IIICLASS III

CENTRALCENTRAL 55 77 22 1212

LATERALLATERAL 55 33 -2-2 88

CUSPIDCUSPID 1111 -7-7 -7-7 -7-7

11STST PM PM 22 -7-7 -7-7 -7-7

22NDND PM PM 22 -7-7 -7-7 -7-7

11STST MOLAR MOLAR 5 CLASS I5 CLASS I

0 CLASS II0 CLASS II-9-9

-9-9

22NDND MOLAR MOLAR 5 CLASS I5 CLASS I

0 CLASS II0 CLASS II-9-9

-9-9

MAXILLARY STANDARDMAXILLARY STANDARD


TOOTHTOOTH TIPTIP TORQUETORQUE

CLASS ICLASS ITORQUE TORQUE CLASS IICLASS II

TORQUE TORQUE CLASS IIICLASS III

CENTRALCENTRAL 22 -1-1 44 -6-6

LATERALLATERAL 22 -1-1 44 -6-6

CUSPIDCUSPID 55 -11-11 -11-11 -11-11

11STST PM PM 22 -17-17 -17-17 -17-17

22NDND PM PM 22 -22-22 -22-22 -22-22

11STST MOLAR MOLAR 22 -30-30 -30-30 -30-30

22NDND MOLAR MOLAR 22 -35-35 -35-35 -35-35

MANDIBULAR STANDARDMANDIBULAR STANDARD


MAXILLARY TRANSLATIONMAXILLARY TRANSLATION

TOOTHTOOTH AA NN GG RR OO TT II NN CC

MINMIN MEDMED MAXMAX MINMIN MEDMED MAXMAX MINMIN MEDMED MAXMAX

33 1313 1414 1515 22 44 66 -7-7 -7-7 -7-7

44 66 55 44 22 44 66 -7-7 -7-7 -7-7

55 00 -1-1 -2-2 22 44 66 -7-7 -7-7 -7-7

66 33 22 11 1212 1414 1616 -13-13 -14-14 -15-15

77 33 22 11 1212 1414 1616 -13-13 -14-14 -15-15


MANDIBULAR TRANSLATIONMANDIBULAR TRANSLATION

TOOTHTOOTH AA NN GG RR OO TT II NN CC

MINMIN MEDMED MAXMAX MINMIN MEDMED MAXMAX MINMIN MEDMED MAXMAX

33 77 88 99 22 44 66 -11-11 -11-11 -11-11

44 44 55 66 22 44 66 -17-17 -17-17 -17-17

55 00 -1-1 -2-2 22 44 66 -22-22 -22-22 -22-22

66 00 -1-1 -2-2 22 44 66 -30-30 -14-14 -15-15

77 00 -1-1 -2-2 22 44 66 -35-35 -14-14 -15-15


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