j-( I! j

. ·--~ .

Jhe NJi UDATED INING & ELTIN

CO PANY Of CANADA LI ITEDe

CCT1- 000644

~he CONJOLIDATED .MINING & JMELTING

COMPANY Of CANADA

0

0

LIMITED

ME_TALLURG!CAL AND

CHEMICAL PLANT..f

TRAI l B. C.

HEAD OFFICE

'215 St, James Street, W.

MONTREAL

I i .,

P.Q. I' BRANCH OFFICE BRAN{.H OFFICE i

302 P.,o.y ~t.reet smFloor Mo..rine, bldg l/:i I TORONTO VANCOUVER I I ONT. B. c. I

-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~·

SHKIR.K COHEGE U3RARY CASTlEGiAR, B. C.

CCT1- 000645

The Story of the Consolidated Mining and Srnelting Cornpany of Canada, Limited

HISTORY

1-iHE Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Cat'ad:1, Limited was formed in 1906 by combining rhc smelter interests of the Canadian l\1cilic Railway Company with those of the Ccmre St;ir and \'\far Eagle companies of Rosshnd, and die Sr. Eugene Company of l'v1oyic, which a: rh:ir rime was the principal lead producer of rk· discricr. Since then the development

of the huge silver-lead-zinc ore body of the Sullivan :\line, which w:is t:ikcn o\·cr by the C',0111-

pany in 1910, hJs r:1ised the Consolid:ned Comp:iny to the pusition of the Lirgest producer of non­fcrrou·s mcols ir• the British Empire.

To view the historical b:ickground of this industry one must go back :ilmost 50 years to the beginning of the Rossland camp. In 1890, claims were firsr loc.1wl on the gold-copper lodes :iround which the Cit)' of .Rossbnd rapidly grew :ind which brougln soULhcrn British Columbia inrn prom­inence in the mining world. Tt is interesting ro note th:n during the summer of th:Jt \'Car, two men, Bourgeois and Morris, looted in one day, t11c I.eRoi (then the' Li.>uis cbim), Centre Sur, \\1:ir Eagle, Td:iho and Virginia claims. During the next few vc::rs rhc nrnng c':imp de1·cloped rapidly, shipping its ore by wagon road to Trail Creek on the Columbi:' RiYCr :rnd then bv src:1mer :ind rail rn Mon­tana for smelting. The yc:1r 1895 was one of grc:it :1criYit\' :ind m:<rkcd the construction by Augustus :E-kinz.c of Butte, !\1ontan:i, of :1 copper ·smelting pl:rnt :'t Tr:;i\. fo F 0.·hru:1n· 1896 the first furn11:c w:1s bloll'n in. At this time Heinze also built :i nilw.>\' of three-foot g:\llge bet1\'Ccn Trail and Rossland, on which wood-burning locomotives wet·c md. It' 1896 the Red \!ounuin r:iilw:1v connectin?; R.ossl:rnd wirh Norrhpon was rnmplctcd, gi,·ing sr:rnd:ird c;:rnc.c connenions with three uans-co111~incnul lines at Spokane. J\t this time Rosshn:1 Jud .1 popul:Hic~n (,f :ibnur six thous:ind.

View of R1'd AI01(///11i!!, l{i1ssf,11lll, C.. !'JOI, showin.~ tbl' 1.t'l\oi, Jmi1', X1n11bn 071<', \Vrll' Eagle dllli CClllrl' Siar /.fin,'

Om•

CCT1 - 000646

"rl11:-. \\".i'> .! !'t·rid1l lil i~H~·11·< 1,.(\Jl)}1t1 lititn1 h .. ~{.\\"\.:~.:n ~ht' (~.1n.-~lii.n1 P.ll..:i' ':·id th1..· c;ri.::11 'N{)!'-

tl:l·rn 1Z.iil\\".\.\"\ .doll,~ llh' IHll"t..it.:r. ·rhl· 1.;l1!1)pletiun in JS 1'lS nf 1hl' Crll\\'-.;ih''>l hr.1111.:h of tht..~ c:.\11;11.~i:ln P.: .. :iJl1.: bui!1 tlH(;u:.:,h 1l1l' l·iul i1,_.]lj, to l\.thl1i..:n:1y L.ikt.• ,,·.1~ .ln i1npt)rL1nt 1..'\.l'llt. In the s.unc ye:u· thi..: \\·._ .... t l'.thHt.·n.ty l 1owcr .Jnd 1.:.:....:ht Cun11).~11: c.:on1pkt1...·d ii-., pO\\'('i" p!.!1H :it Bonni11gton F:1JJ...,~ _;2 n1ilL's tli,r.int i"r\llll l\msl:llld. un tl1(- l\.,h,tell:l\' l\ivcr. Cu.ii, C<lkc .rnd e·lce·iric JlO\\'c'r wvn: thu.s m:ick av.1il­.1hlc- f,ir the ·r,·.1il Srndtc·r .rnd rhe· Rus;!.ind }\-lines. In I ~·)S rhc· C.i1udi.1n l':ic·ilic IZ:iilw:i)· :icquired tlw J-kin1.c r:iil"-'"' i111crc.sr.s ru1inin;.: <Hlr ni Tr:iil .ind in the s.11fo: \'l'.H :icquircd rhc Smclrer. The -.,r_1n·.1.1nl g.n1~c lint.' ru R''""hnd w.:" l.."On1plcred in Jul:" 1~99.

The S111c·l1n \\'.\> :ll tl1is tilll(' b,·ing opcT.1ted on gold-c·<',PI"'" ores as the· C:rn:idi:rn Smelring \\',1rks. It \\',\, then derided ru c.'IH<T the· le.id snwltin;.: 1-i,·ld .ind :i hl.1<t furn:icc· w:is insr.illcd in the yc:ir l'.ll!J. Tlw lc:td ore of the Koute·n.i" Jud three· possible, nnHes r•.i fullo\\', n:uncly, to Unitc·d Sr:ll<'s pl:inrs, ro rhc· H.dl \Jin,,, s111elra .ll :-..;,.j,,ltl .rnd rn Tr:iii. The hulli1111 produce·,! :ll Nelson .111d Tr:iil w.1s shipped in hond ro t:h~ Selb1· Pl:i111 <lli S:\11 l·r.uici!ic·o B.1y for relining.

The relined lc:1d w:is sold in E.isrcrn C:rn:id:1 :ind in rhc· Oric·111 :ind this tn:irkcd rhc begin-­n11~.~ uf the· present c~porr from Tr:1il of relined mc•t:Jls which rod:n· supplv .ibour l J per cent oi the "·,nid's requirc•rne1its of lc:id :uid J(I per cent of rhc, zinc. as well .1' cnnsider:ible qu.111titics of gold, sil•:c•r. c:idmiurn :111d bismuth.

ln the \'CH l'.J02 tlw C<llnp.111\· s1:1r1cd cxpcrimenrin.~ \\'1th the rdining "( le.id bullion in T1·.1il which SiJon. resulted in :1 srn.dl pl.111r using rhc Beus clcnrolnil' pruccss. Since rhcn rhc rdin­cn· h.is be·cn c•xtemk·d until :1l rhc· prese1H time :ibout 5/5 ron.s oi re•finnl ka,I :1rc produn·d d:iily.

In J 906 the C.in.idi.rn P.il'ilic R:iilw:iy co1nbincd irs sme·lrcr intc·rcsrs wirh :i number of n11t11ng co111p:1t11c'> w (urrn tlh· C.ltl:idi:111 Consolid:ncd .\lines, Limited. ,\ ic·w rnunths l:ncr this n:imc "·.1s ,-h:111ged 10 the· Consolid:1rcd \!inin;.: .rnd Sml'iting Cornp:i1w <if C:111;H1:i. l.irnitc'd, h>• which 11:1111<'

the• C<Jmp.1ll\' ic still kncrn·n.

In i ')()') th;-~ produc·ti<>n 111 copper-gold ores from RoS>l.1nd :llld ,,{ r.hc lc:1d ore frnm the St. Eu~~JlL' .1ppc:1red ru be ddinitcl:· Pl1 tlit• dl'clinl', 'u thi..' Cnn-.,o!id.ncd C:on-1p:1ny w:1:-; \'L'rv .1lcrt

fpr prc»spi..'ctiv~ nc\\' 11n1H.'~. le w:1;; 111 rhis yc;1r rlL:t thl' Cnn1p:1ny L<)nk .1 le.l'>L' JIH.I option on the Sul­li,-.rn \line "' F:ist J<omcn:iy.

E. C. SM !TH .JOHN Cl.EJ\ VER FR 1\NI\ IIURCHETT

This mine which has now become world famous was discovered in 1892 bv Pat Sullivan and three associ:itcs who h:1d, a few months earlier, left the Coeur d' 1\lenc countrv to ;eek their fortunes in thi; Kootcn.1y Lake District of British Columbia. From 1896 w 1899 some surface stripping was done and sever.al small shafts sunk. In 1900 the C1n:idi:in P.lcific R:iilw:1y completed :i br:inch line of l 9 miles from Cran brook on the Crowsncst Line to h:l!ldl:; the ore from the mines of the J(im · bcrlcy area. Of rhesc, the North Star w:is the main producer n that time and in 1900 ·shipped 16,-000 tons averaging 50 to 55 per cent lead and 20 to 25 ounces per rnn of silver. In the same yeJr systematic development of the Sullivan i'dinc was started :111d during the three following ye:11:s from four to five thousand tons of 35 to 40 per cent lead ore c:irn·;ng ~bout J 5 ounces of sih·er, were ship­ped to the Hall ?\·lines Smelter :it Nelson and to the Canadirn Smelting \\.1orks :H Trail.

By this time it was considered that the ore tonnage developed justified the construction of a smelter a;1d in 1903 this was commenced at. 7VlarysYille, TI\'C miles from Kimberley on the St. Marv's river at Ma1·k Creek. Many serious metallurgical difiiculries ,,·n·c cncountcrc .. cl an:l O\'Crcornc duri;1g die smelting of some 75,000 tons of ore. Owing to fin:1nci:il dinicultie>, liic smelter and mine were forced to close down late in 1907. The Company w1s rcm·ganizcd in l'J09 ,,·irh rhe Fcdcr:d Minin;.; :ind Smelting Company holding conuol. Jn Denmb~r of th·; s:imc YC:1r ~he Consolidated Company took an option <~n die property, which option was exercised the followinp: ~·car :rnd much adjoining property acquired. Shipments to Trail of an imprm·ed gr:idc r1I lc:id ore :is ;i result of hand sortin~ were rhcn coinmenccd.

Almost im111cdiately :in :ictivc in\'cstig:u ion w:is st.irrcd '"i rhc prnhkm of scp:irHion and treatment of th~ conrnlcx zinc-le:id-iron ore. The LcRci mil! at Rossl:ind :rnd the I.Iighbnd mill at Ainsworth were first t;scd for test work and l:iter the St. Fu:::cnc mill w:is remodelled' rn :iccommo­date this work, bur was destroyed bv fire in 1916. ;.nd fro111 rhcn c;1·, rhc i1~\·,~1ri,,:ir.ion:il work was c:ir­ried on :H Tr.iii. During thcs~ year~ ore high in lc':id .ind sih·cr :ind In\\· in 1.inc 'w:is mined :rnd shipped to Trail for smclring. /\nnual tonnages rose from 23.000 in 1910 ro -H,650 in l.915.

Tn l 9 J .1 rhc Sulliv:1n mine lwc:i111e the largest lc:1d producer in C1n:id:1 .111d 11:1.s retained rh:it distinction up tO the prcS(.'Jll ti111C. r)uring th~ period ~)f in1.::-~'.1;;r:.~ JcJd .;;}iii''!11Cnrc;, in\'C~tig:aions for the extr:1ction of 1i.nc v:iiues were b·:ing carried on, :ind durin;: rhc first \C:tr of rhc Cre:lt \V:1r :in

cxpcrimc11t:d elecrrol;·tic i.inc pbnr w:is $Urtecl. In 1915 :1 n1111nwrci.il pl.i:n w:ts built :ind c:irlv in 1916 operation was st:irtcd on crude Sulli\'an ore running 25 tr' .') pC" ,·cnt 1.inc. This w:is :rn

economic propmitio11 only bec:n1se of the high prices of 111cr.1ls :it th:n time.

It then hcc:1111c \•err n·idcnt that cheap pO\':cr wo< one of rhc prime ncc,,ssirics for the pros­pective clectrol\'tic refineries :n Tr:iil :111d so in 1916 t.he Consolid:ited Comp:iio,· uhr:iincd control of the \'\/est Koorcn:n· Power :111d T.i,>::hr Comp:rn\' by acquiring :'II o( ih comn1011 >tock :rnd :1rrangcd for its expansion. The \'\lest: Kootcn:l\' Powet· and Light Comp:in,· lus no\\' .i tor:il insr.tlled gc1w1·ning opacity of 226".000 horse powc1· in its four pbnts 011 the Ko'.ltc'n:l\' rivff.

Tn 1917 a tri:il w:is m:idc of r.hc Horwood process of ore co11cc11tT:Hion in a 150-ton mill .ll

Trail. Thi·s w:is :1b:1ndoned on accounr. of hi,:h costs .111d difiicul1; control. Gnvity conccntrHion ~csts usin3" f!nclr grour:d ore \!:ere then t:·icd ~ut ln.1t :1l:;o j)i'OY1.~d dis~1rpoinring. \\'let rn:1gnctic con­ccnt1·.nion gave sonw promising results and was opn:itcd first :lt 150 :111d rh,·n :ir 600 tons per day. Encouraging results wirh the flotnion process led to the d~cision ro p:1r.illcl the 600-rnn magnetic: phnt with a flc.tation plant. Opcr:ition of this was st:irrcd in \hrch i 920 "nd it w.is soon very :ip­parcnt that it would render obsoleu; the magnetic scp1r:nion mcrhod for Sc:Jli,·:111 or•.'. The 600-ton magnetic plant w:\s irnmcdi:itcly remodelled to enlarge rhe flor:irion opcr;Hin;;. fn August 1920, the firsc lead concentrate bv diffcrenti:il flot nion w:\s m:idc. For the next rhrce ,·ors ri1c rest mill 11ndcrwcnt a long series of cb1;gcs, horh rncch:inical :rnd mct.1!1rn· 1~ic:il, wirh die ol;jccr; in view of meeting the demands of consuming pl:ints :111d collecting d:in for the dc;ign of rhc prnposcd Sulliv:rn Concen·· tr:itor :lt KimbcrkY. The latter w,l) Lrnilr and opcr:ition w:is commenced in ;\,,gusr, 1923, with :i

c:1p:icir)' of .\000 tons pc~r d:iy. This h:is since hccn i;icrc.<Sd ru 6500 rnns per d:1v.

The "olving of the conccnrr:llion nrob\cm pnwidcd hiJ1 c'r:idc con,'cnrr:Hc'S of lc:id ;rnd 1.inc, f:icilit:iting the deYciopmcnr of :i zinc rcc1~\'ery prncc>S whic!i. co~ld CDrnpc\C· suucssfulh· with other methods. This nL<nr, :1ft:cr :i number of exr<'nsions. rnw: h:is ,; ,··;p,,,:in· ,1f ~on rnns of cnhodc 1.inc per day.

1\p:1r; from 11Y1prov1ng

Thrr·<'

CCT1 - 000648

~-:;,\G.'?lr Sh~ (vw1;,."(. +o

·\ Y-.."ifiSJo./1£;_, 2!: V' ~ V '° If{?. C(i'·f.t!, i ~1

0 ~W~·-,;, ¥~ ~b· -\-a \1rl'(l".J·f'-IZ

'I"' ( <N·..,,, / L 7 j ,

f>, '- b_<l. C<4.- ./";i.!'L (Y'\\f'VJ tn~S~l- '\·\J'.ll. ~ \.vo _, \ d \o~ -rk .\ (f;<v\ ··l"O cl~ ·\ JoiAJ\0 v :"vv.

' <· ! . \ ' c \J'.c_,, '1 ~"'· d c.,,n el '( e c '·'*" i 1 J "1< (I=-,.

ti'~ c..:> '<'~ l ~~ "'-\ '\r··O C$\/i/..i..Jl..o hAr--1< \ I '('); ' ~

C J'-.l!>r<:'t:_"'C/ ' \,. <./-J ~'\(J'iV'. )~ \ f 1-D S..; \ \ iV~ It·/\' f;..J':- \ 1 ~ t, \()'c~ r)

'\- rv ?-.o 00 t+ \r-.._~ \a.~c-~ r-/,1,~.

f' \rf\C·-ic, J:u.d c; ~clc.. ~ r Vv.c: l

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(J \/'-~ ~ \ t'\~ \)\/\; ~ !C\ q 0 ~ ..y~

":J W'-<l~t (rv(Y~ woJ> •11rv:~N'-Z 04"' \sL!Lb ~~ ~ t c.. Qy. c.JLI( +

CCT1 - 000649

cd m~inly with the

process and ~1

from the lead and zinc operations. ~Jag \:l-.'~troc:ht'Tn1i(,~ fuining rhis purpi:J~q,:' \\' ,\'.;;; in July

A concerted effort was also nude to recover the sulphur dioxid~ emitted in low concentr;1-tions from th·~ zinc and lead stacks. The degree of success achieved is eminently shown by the exist­ing sulphuric acid and elemental sulphur plants which hc1ve an average daily production of 400 tons and 80 tons respectively. In 1930, after several years invesrig:ition, rhe company embarked on an am­bitious fertilizer production programme as an out let for the brg:c quantities of sulphuric :teid. These modern plants, constructed at \'(/arficld, about a mile from Trail, produce ammonia, ammonium sul­phate and the phosphates of ammonia and lime. These fertilizer products are largely sold in forei.~n markers.

Other by-products recovered in recent years includi: refined odmium and bismuth. In 193B clcctrclytic antimony and an arsenic product wili be added t0 the list.

The only major problem that remains, so far as Sullivan ore is concerned, is the mil1zatior> of the iron sulphide mill tailing.

The S1tlliv:rn Mine h;1s been the Company's principal producer since i9 l md has reserve> of ore for many years w come. The Mines Department has for the past several years carried on a very energetic cxplontion programme throughout the world :i.nd p:irricubrly throughout the Domin-1011 of Canada. The discoveries indicate substantial progress in m~t'Y directions.

The tables shown on the pages following give a ·sumnnry of prodt•ction to date. Following the tables ;ire given shon descriptions of the various oper:itions .ind of some of rhc principal s2rvices.

(;enc:ral 1•il'w of Trail, B. C., 1900

Four

·1

Fin

The Consolidated Mining and Srnelting Compan}' of Canada, Liniited

1894-1905

1906

1907 19()8

1909 191 {)

191 I 1912 19 ].\

1914 191)

1916 1917

191 ~ 191 ')

1920 192 l

192.2 1923

1924

1925 1926

1927

192;' 1929 19 3 ()

19 31 1932

19.ll

19H 19 3) 19 .l6

1937

MINE PRODUCTION 1894 TO DA TE

Shon Tons Ore Hos.slar:.d Min es

761.-+17 81,267

81,788

175,799

18.'.,IHO 194 ,I) l .\ I 9.l,223 209,427

259,406 2.L?.878 3 15,16 8 .109.720 106,025 1116,374

9'.J.·170 5-1,644 82.094 18,566

18,43 9

157 ,504

38.225 2 5 ,3 17 i 5,416

1.' .8 8 6

0,8H 9.3 97 2.9H 9,3 29 8.219

Short Tons 0 re St. Eugene Mine

313,416

84,066

127,645

15 5,419 l 5 5,668

1J4, 13 6 47,705

13,460 1,826 1,217

169 746

1,698 1, I 'JI

.\, l 7 8

938 81)

Short Tons Ore Sullivan MinC'.

Shon Tons of Ore ;rnd Customs Con­

ce:,tratcs trc:at.e<l at Kirnhericy and

Trail Pl.a:.ts

910,973

157,640

85,·tll6 ( 1900-07) 222,57.i

6,704

.\4,065 21, 18 9 41,28-1

.rn,919 H,841

') l, 12'! 135,25-t

l ll+,75:::

176,970

2 5 '.l,S l ·1 298,\84 360,844 452,;!52

996,260 l, 119 ,8 8 5 l, 115,.187

1,272,217

l.571,93 I 1,865,247

1,924,017 l.621,H3 l ,·!47,448 1,413,418

J ,748,3 31 l ,861,245 l.898,099

2,218,364

31)5,956

.>47.417 487,1:~5

.i88.785 296,458

407,L'4 57.+,77 l 447 ,(164 1·17.ll17 .i59.4114 .174,889 _;98,l ls

592,76_; 43 2,078

407.260 5 l ') ,6 l .i

l.133,523 l,210,6%

l.35·1,821 I ,-+()5,872

1.6 6 5, 5 8 G l.903,637 1.947 ,0(14

1,647,773 l ,473 ,66 3 l.44 .l,2 3 5

1.792,298 i .9~4Jl()4 l.~)4 5 .s s 2 2,267, l /I)

CCT1- 000651

Co~n,c.o ~'tl\111..v.J2 ~r-'4- '~~'

The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Conipany of Canada, Limited

PRODUCTION OF METALS, CHEMICALS AND FERTILIZERS 1894-1937

Ounces Ounces Short Short Short Short Short Tons Short Tons Short Tons Gold Silver Tons Tons Tons Tons 100% Sul- Ammonium Other

Zinc Cadmium Bismuth Sulphur phuric Acid Sulphate Fertilizer

444,384 8,004,578 11,497 33,577 64,590 1,074,255 1,200 7,567 69, 168 1, 100,271 1,721 10,192

121,380 2,224,888 2,002 16,078 114,920 2,443,475 2,319 21,8 3 8 137 ,61'1 2,162,406 2,988 21,184 119,067 1,45 8,75 8 2,211 12,013 129,789 1,765,992 1,457 13,036 186,017 3 ,224,408 1,727 24, 163 129,08.l 2,568,301 1,823 17,309 148,891 2,230,500 2,653 20,089 98,314 2,285,631 2,223 J 9,987 1,544 -- -- -- 258 69,704 2,471,887 3,703 22, 130 9,984 -- -- -- 2,879 52,917 l ,708,692 3,991 19,423 10,901 -- -- -- 3 ,623 59,605 J,782,025 3,467 20,855 15,372 -- -- -- 4,766 42,636 1,097,9 3 0 2,251 13 ,2 3 7 18,497 -- -- -- 3,614 5 6,3 34 1,198,114 1,528 28,842 26,494 -- -- -- 1,017 18,864 2,116,351 622 42, 176 27,782 -- -- -- 1,613 11,113 2,960,714 -- 47,971 3 0,026 -- -- -- 1,652 26,976 4,074,044 692 80,700 46,099 -- -- -- 1, 12 2 20,516 4,704,63 5 183 118,040 48,95 5 -- -- -- 2,645 50,075 7,178,817 10,632 131,055 67,546 -- -- -- 1,508 29,490 7,179,607 9,261 145,521 73,528 2 3,62 3 7,673,762 8,903 159,416 81,765 246 14,694 7,362,164 4, 173 150,217 86,048 387 83 -- 3,065 25,782 6,936,759 7,064 151,492 119,5 51 228 -- -- 8,501 24,968 6,572,119 608 13 8,843 101,124 162 47 --- 36, 170 6,485 18 ,5 71 3 3 ,346 5,522,366 384 126,619 65,284 33 -- -- 7 3,03 8 46,721 14,420 22,393 5.551,349 270 127,319 68,810 123 35 -- 64,219 65,810 3,058 55,328 7,316,231 784 157,674 110,978 147 123 -- 95,434 55,780 26,717 65,131 7,594,366 318 164,3 29 119,840 275 4 54.1 120,245 42,949 37,697 69,330 8,615 ,795 433 132,541 12 5 ,69 3 263 180 3,464 I 26,578 71,630 26,429 52,435 9,846,545 2,292 206,579 142,650 218 -- 13,533 02,194 57,832 44,22 I

,,. Canadian Smelting Works, 1894 to June 30, 1906. t C. M. & S. Co. of Canada Ltd., June 3 0 to Dec. 31, 1906.

() () -i

- ....

l~ . .. • _,,

six inch by :1 prirn:iry jaw crusher :>nd to rhrce inch b\· >c'.Cond.;ry gyr:Hory crushers. The ore is then tr.insponed to the conccnrr:iror rwn :111d rhr'''' qu:1rr·:r miles .1w:1)'· 1\r prcscnr rh,; .l\'Cr:1gc d.1ily output is 7500 rems for six d:iy-s :i \\'Cc'k.

SULLIVi\N l\1ILL

T J l_F....,~r1:L'rrn~:di:Hi..' c.rus.hi1'.~ l:~1uipnlt..'Jlt t.'t>n-.,i-.;t' of ,: -.;l;\·l·n-liHl\ Sy·111111h ::i.11h' crusher .l1Hl two <;l'l"

of / L-111ch b1· '.'0-111ch C:1rf1L'!d npc :·oils, wo1·kin~ in pr.ii lei, :111d in c-1<1'L'd c-ircuit with hu111-111cr .-;cn.~cn<.;_

'fhc ·sc..T(Cn undersil.l', ;1ppr()\in1.llL'l': l 1l pt.'r Ct~111 pl11<... i111..·h. p.h':l'~ through l he 'ilor.1.~i.: bin ... ~··9000 ton~; c1p:1ciL~'---·to the thrci~.,st.i:-.;,1.:· .~rindin,(! 1...·irt..:uit Ll';in:...: llirdin~L' 111!]!..;, J)or!· .11Hl ;\kin<.: i.:l.t\­

·,if·icrs :111d \\/ililc1· pumps for circul:nio11. Ti'.L' pulp " ckli1·vr,·,i :o \1i11c·r.1J, '),·n.ir.1l1<;11 Jl,,r:Hi<lll m:1-

chi11c' :>r :1 cn,,,i,rc11c1· of .ipprnxirn:l\c'h ~2 per Cc'lll ·"'litk

'fb: hl':1\·il'St sulphide, ,!~:1k11.1, wirh \\'hi1..·h ffl/J"-! ()f 1h ... · -..ih·l'r 1.:ontt.'111 ()( tht' o!.l' j..., l"l'l"0\'1...'r·­

cd, 1" flu:1r:.:d first. ·rhl! Sl~p:1r;niun is .1ct..-'on"!plish~~d ihrl'tl.:...'.h ~1 .. ' u..:;c i>f "Ddiun1 (.:.~rhon.irt.'. sudiun1 c1.h~·l '\:n1t:lurc :111d crco...;nrc oils .1s ;:cLi;·.ntH".\ .1:Hl 'it.ldii.1111 L'\·;1ni1.L t11 (kprc...,-; rb.: l.i1:1...·. 'J"h1..· rDugh con­ccntr.lti._~ is clc:u1nl t \\'iCL' :1nd shii~Pt'd ttl ·rr.1il :1'\ 7o pt:r_. L:...'1~1 !t-.1d prtiduct 1,:n11t:i1n1n~ \Oll"H .. ' 16

<1u1'1..'l'" nf "lih·t..·r per ron.

l"hc d1.:lc:H.L:1..! !.1ul11 p.1\.\l''> dirt·1.:t I .. !<1 /JlH. !11.i:.'.t i(Jli 111 · .... :lnrw...- in whii.:li .1 l"ill!_~h '!i111.: 1...'on1...·1..·n--rr:n1.·· 1.-: n1:1<k' 11;.;ing l'(>ppc-!· <.;u]ph.n ... '. hl..'.H .. 1ddiri:H1:1l \.111th.lt...' :.:ill (1il<> :h .l\ __ ·ri\·.Hnr•; .1nd lin1e :1:.; Jr:

1r111~ dl'J'l't..''>'):IJlL 'J"hc rcrnper.1turc ;1( .di /.1n ... · ru!r'!-; j\ 1~~.liill.l!lh.'1..l .11 ,;u (. Th1..' !.\)t!_!..!,h /l!H..' (()!it:CP·

tr.n,, i, ·:lc':inl'd 1 -,,·ice· .rnd <hippc·,I tn 'Ix 'l I J"°r. ,',·n:· J.'l"<H!u,·1. Th,: Sulliu11 Ii11c ,u\phidc· Ii~ r1h' f<1n11 <J( .i hi.:.:.h iron 11ur1n.1ti11..· l..·(~n:.1111;:1g :1hw: r;() )'~'r 1."t.'n1 111h' :1111..l ~ lt> () p\:I' 1...:cnt 1rt;1;.

J:i_ .. J!

CCT1- 000653

conn'nrratcs, J\mcrican filrcrs for i\1,' 1inc, .rnd Oliver drum type filters for dw k:d.

The irad conccmr.ne is con\·c\·c<l immcdi:Hely to sundard railway cars on track scaks. but the zinc concentrate 1' first dried to .1bo~1t five per ccn~ moisture before lo,;ding in a simibr m:1nner. These together make up a daih· tr:1in for Trail of some 800 tons of lead concentrate, rnd 750 tons of zinc concentrate.

Gl'/lcral 1·inc of Sulli1·a11 Mill, Kimbnlry, B. C.

A 111:1jor portion of the feed w.1tcr is recl.iimed for conservnion of water, heat and rcagems. The iron tailing i.1 impounded in an area below the piant of some 200 acres 1n extent.

Typ1c:1l :rn:ilyscs of the mill iced and lead and 1inc conc<'ntr:ite :ire as follows:

Mill Feed l.c:id Conccn tr:ire Zinc Concentr:ltr

Ozs. 1\u

Tun

i\s 4.07

~5.7

2.2

01'HER

' I

Pb I 0. 3 70.0

3 5

MILLS

/I

" (:/

/1. (/ /<;

Zn Cu s 6.45 .07 28.2 3.7 .24 17.3

5 1.5 14 32.8

r,; Fe

3 6.1 6.7

11.4

The co111p:in1· h:rs se1·cr:d mills besides the Sullivan in acrual operation, or nearing that su~e. The new (;o!dcn lZosc, 11car Sudbun·. Ontario, ;i l 00-ton plant, employs straight cyanidation. ,;nd 1 he Big Mis1ouri, nc:ir Srew:1n, R. C ... 1 750-rnn p ro1cct. employs combination of flotation .inrl cy:111 id.it ion.

The Con, on (;,-c:it Sl.ivc l..ike. :1 J 00-ton unit, :tnd the Box, on Lake f\th:1bask:1, .1 J )llll-

ron unit, will both cmplm· ,,r.11,~ht cy.111id;irion and .ire expected to go into operation during 19>8

LEAD SMELTER

ct>nt of toed tonrugc to

:lCCt.nlnt 1 \) per Ct:nt

Smelting 01xr:1tiom comprise: crushing and s:lmpling, Dwight-Lloyd '>intcring, bbst iur­n:1ct rl'duction, dros~lng, a

For sulphur 0~1dation, wcd,c;c roasters, Godfrcys and Huntingdon-Heberlein pots have been used in the p:1st bu1 k1vc been discarded in favour of Dwight-Lloyd sintcring machines, of which there '.lrc eight 600 inches long and six 264 inches long.

Sintcring is carried out at Trail in two stages. The rnlphur 1s reduced m the first pass,

CCT1- 000654

m a bed six inches deep, from 12 - 14 per cent to seven per cent and in rhe second pass, in a bed 11 inches deep, from seven per cem to \.5-2 per cc:it. Besides reducing the sulphur the ro;csting agglomer­ates the charg:! into a sinter suir.1blc for ch:1rging r·o the blasr furn:iccs. The oxid.uion of rhe sulphur after ignition b" •111 oil flame is sulticicntly cxothcrmtc to cause the incipient fusion of che mass. The second sinter is rr:tmmcd to bins from which ir is \\'cighcd into the blast furnace charge cars. The gases, carrying sulphur dioxide in iow conccntrnion, pass rhrougl: flues ro the smoke tre:ncrs thence to the sulphur dinc-;ide plant.

;.h.'L)c:1d furnace h:1s not di:rngcd r:idicalh· bur Tr:iil nf late has mcorpor.n~d such fr::rnres :1': incrc:1sctf lengrl;:·;;·-~~itlcl1".o(.6() 1t1che> :it the tuYeres imtc:td of 48 inches, no bosh. four 2~/2 -inch tuycrcs per .>O-inch jacket :ind the ?-\csmith \·:1porizcr ,~·stem.

Ther<: :ire two furnace·; 22',/, feet :ind three 15 feet in lengrh. 1\ll :ire 17 feet from the tuycres to the bottom of rhe feed pl:ites.

The bullion, which is 98.S per cent k:id :ind c:irrics gold, sih·er :ind impuritie,, m:1inly :inti mony, copper :ind :irsc111c, flo\\'s from the le:id \\'dis to :1 r~ccivcr, thence «> :1 li\'e-wn tr:rnsfcr pot for delivery by crane to the Dros~ing Plant. ;\_U:l1L1_=:1l_,:l:!2t_cont::i_:1s -'_:'>J><:t:_...'.:_e.'.1E __ le.1L.J~.J~er sc~1_t _ _!inc, .L~.:.'!.J:£1:_5~2.!: .. cS.ifa_:1,_}<!:~.J.'~!:_s~-~SJn...;1mLZ.lL.H£L.~:_e11t_l]11]".· The sl.1g is r.1pped intermit-tently through .1 .settler inro :1 holdin,>; furn.Kt'. fired \\'ith powdered co:1L where it .-.turcd tiH ro th'~' fun1i1\~ furn,,cc_ (~·t .;,-:r- ,...' .i.(v-.c

[n th~ two !00-wn drossing furn:u.:cs the bullion is kqn :1t J IJIH) J· 1\fter skimming off :1 dross cont:iining most of the copper, the bullion is tapped to cooling pots from which it is cast, at 650 to 700'!'., into \75-pound :1nodes which :ire loaded into :<peci:il c:1n for ddi,·ery to r!H: refinery. The dross is tn::tred to give :t copper-le.Hi m:1ttc.

View oj Ll'ad Slllrltn a11d Slag F11mi11.~ J>la11/, Trail, 13. C.

T::1:

CCT1- 000655

c ) '·· ( j't,"

wide, ~4 feet long and J 0 feet high rnd is compl ctcly water jacketed. Sbg is poured into it from pots holding nine tons, a complete ch:1rgc being a bout 60 rons. Powdered coal, at the rate of six rnns per hour. :1nd air arc blown the through on each side of the furnace. The charge cycle is J 3 5 minutes. <:t:nt :zinc, 37

The gases from the furnace, carrying zinc and lead as fume, pass through the boiler and the economiser to the baghotrse. A typical analysis of the baghouse dust is as follows: .5 ounces silver, 59.5 per cent zinc, 14.9 per cent lead, .02 per cent copper, I.I per cent sulphur and 1.2 per cent iron. Th~ baghouse contains 1,080 flannel bags, 8 inches in diameter and 9 feet 8 inches long. Fume from rhe flu.:5, baghou>c and boilers, totalling _about 140 tons ptr day, is sent to the zinc plant for n:covcr~· of the zinc content, the !~_being rct~~-~--a rcsi_:!_~-~_0_:_!,!}~~h~·

View of On1· S1·ction of Lead Refinery Cell Room, Trail, B. C.

REFINERIES

LEAD

T HIS plant is the world's pioneer electrolytic lead refinery Operations were inaugurated in 1903. By 1922 a cap:1city of 100 tons per d:iy was att:iincd. Plant additions between 1922 and J 926 brought the opacity of rhc pbnt up to 395 tons per day. Subsequent improvements in metallurgical practice have nude possible a daily ourput of 575 tons.

Two buildings, measuring 856 feet by 61 feet and 583 feet by 73 feet, house all operations pcrt:iining to t!w production of refined le:1d. These buildings are constructed of steel, gunite and transire. All basement footings and floors, storage ranks and electrolytic cells ~!~ c.>f rcinfop;:i;d con-

J;/1·1'/'/I

CCT1 - 000656

crctc construction. \'V'herc exposed to the electrolyte, the concrete is protected with :i covering of

:1sph:ilr. Cell supports :ire of timber.

The electrolyte used is :1 soluliun of k:1,i silico-Jluoridc :ind hydrotluosilicic acid, :1 rcprc­

scnt:Hi\'e :rnalysi; being :1s follows:

Sp. Cr. 1.2 I (l

Ph 67

GRAMS PEI\ LITRE Frc,· H"SiF,,

9 5 Tol:1l H~SiF,,

142

The clccrrolyte is circulated through rhc cells :ir three ro four g:1llons per minure. 'Che cir­cuhtion ;, m:iinc1incd by ccnrrifug:d pumps of monel mct:il construction. ;\lain distribution lines :ire of rubber lined iron pipe. Rubber hc:1dcrs serve the v:1rio1" sections. llolh inlet and <ltlticr con­nections to the ccll.s :1rc of h:ird rubber.

A representative s:1mple of T:1d:1nac bullion " :1s follows:

Cl/.s./Tons '; r.; '; , . ~/~ '

J\u J\g Cu Pb Sb ,\, Sn .42 49.9 .035 98.77 .6 3 . .l l .03 8

The bullion :is delivered to tlw refinery is unlo:1dcd direct to the cells.

'I ,, Bi .02

The sr:irring sheers or Clthodcs, :ire c:ist from relined lc:1d by pouring the molten rnet:d over inclined c:1sl iron pLH.es. They Jre prepared for the cells bv str:iighri:ning on :1 l:1blc :ifrcr which they :1re hung on 1-inch by y, -inch copper h:irs.

The anodes ore electrolyzed for six d:1ys. Two crops of cathodes :ire removed. \\/hen oper:lt­ing at peak production or when special grades of lead arc required, die anode mud is washed from the :rnodes :ll lhe end of the third day. The mud is removed ln· means of molor driven brushes :ind !s w:rshcd free of electrolyte in -18-inch venicil sh:1fr centrifugals. The :1node scrap is melted :ind rec:1st inro :111odcs :1t. rhc relincn·.

The c:1rhodc le.id is 111elled in 2.l5-ron welded srecl kettles which arc fired with pulveri1.cd co:1l. It is hc:llcd ro 950"F. :ind blown with air for the remonl of the small pcrccnlagcs of rin, :1rsenic :ind :rntimony JHesc1n. The lc:1d is rhen cooled ro 780-800'T. :rnd cast· into pigs for nnrkct.

J\ rcprcsl'nlative 01ulysis of the refined lc1d "

Ozs/Ton % ~1;, .J\g. Cu Pb .08 .0006 99.998

SILVER

as follows: ~;.;,

Sb .0005

('/ ,·()

As Tr.

o/o Bi

.0002

The :inode mud from the lead refining operation is treated for the rccovcrv of gold, silver, bismuth and :111rimony. These operations are housed in separate building:; of brick construction. They :ire prim:1rily fnrn:ll'c trc':itmcnts, the n1ore import:inr stq1' of which arc :1s follows:

( l) l\-1elting nf rhc Jnode mud lo met:il :ind some sh~. (2) Elimination of the usenic and :11~timonv :is fume. by oxid:Hion. ( .l) Cupe I Lirion of rhc rnct:il from Step 2 ro. Dore met:1l.. (4) l~cdunion of the cupellation shgs ro a lc:1d-bismmh meL1l plus some sbg.

Sl:igs from Steps 1 :ind 4 are returned ro the lead smelt~r.

The Dore met:1i from Step 3 is paned b)· rhc rnlphuri~ Kid proass. The silver for m:irket :iss:1ys 9'>'.> .. > {ine. The gold, :ipproximatd)' 975 fine, is shipped 10 1hc Crnadi:rn Minr.

BISMUTH

The lead bismuth metal from Srep 4 :ibovc is first drossed fur rhc removal of copper. The cont:iincd precious mct.ils arc removed by the P:irke1 process. Th.~ residual metal is then relined clcc­uolytiCJlh- by the llcrrs process. The anode mud from this oper:11.ion is then melted Jnd refined to m:irkcr bismuth t;f a high degree nf puriry. \fosr of tlie bismuth d con1111erce is used in the making of low melting poinr :1lloys and in the m:rnufacture of ph:1rm.icc'utic:1! produqs,

CCT1 - 000657

ANTDIONY

The fumL' produced in Srq) 2 :1b,n·e will be rhc source of antimony for " phnr which will go into op~LHion carh· in 1938. The prndLtction of insecticides from rhe arsenic content of this fume is now under consider:nion. J\nrimony finds :ndustrial application in lr.ud lead alloys med mainly for b:nr.ery pbres, in be:Hing and babbirt incl.lls, in rLtbber goods :rnd in paints.

ELECTROLYTIC ZINC

T HE Con.s.oli<!:Hed Co111p:111y ;it Trail :rnd the 1\11;icn11d:i_ Copper Mining Company, :ll Cre:l! F:dl.s, Montan:\, pioneered rhe production of clect1 c!\'l1c /.111c on th1.s continent.

The r;itcd c:ipacity of ihc Trail pl:im in 1916 w;is 60 tons of cathodes per day. This has been g;·adu:1lly incre;iscd to 400 tons per cby, making it the large.st single producer of

electrolytic zi11·2 in rhc world. Th,• rnr:d production of h;ir zinc ,,r Trail, up rn the close of 19.17 h;i.s ;1 mounted to 1 , 3 3 6, l 7 8 tons.

\Y/hile there is cons:der:1ble s·;;ri:H:on ir, deui\s of opcr.Hicr. 111 elecrrulytic: damcntally th.;v ,,\\ produce zinc from :1 solution of zinc sulphate by ekcrrolysis. five .steps of nJ;isting, le:iching, purificHion of snllltion, electrolysis :rnd rndting.

ROASTING

zinc pl.rnt.s, fun­This entails the

This converts the zinc sulphide of the concentrate into zinc oxide in which form it ·"' readily soluble in dilute sulphuric :1cid. The iron is converted to the in.soluble ftrric oxide, and the sulphur is disch:1rgcd :is sulphur dioxide' g;1s :ll :i conccnrr:Hion suiohlc for the m:rnufacrnrc of std­phuric acid.

The roasring equipment :1 few years ag<, consisted of 25 sund:ird \'\ledge n1:i.'lcrs, whicl1 h:id a daily capacity of .l 5 tons e:ich, constlming fuel to m:1inuin rhe requisite tempcr:iturc.

A new method of '\uspemion ro:isting" lus recently been developed :ll Tnil, which is s11111-hr in principle to the burning of co.ii in powdered form. The pLint requirements :11-e now supplied by eight conv<:rtcd r<>:1'tcrs, which will oper;itc ;it :1m· r:He of fc"d between 40 :ind 120 tons pe1· d:iy. No fuel is required :i;id by-product sre:1m is reco,·cred from rhe gases, equiv:dent to :1pproxirn:itely one pound of stl':lrn per pound of concentr:lte rn:i.srcd. 1\ m:Hcri:1lly higher zinc solubility of th:· olcinc is also dinincd fnm1 this rs·pc· oi ro:isrcr. Th,~ :ivcrage ;w:llysis of the roasted product or c:1i .. cine is as follows:

(',; Ph (; Zn r:; h: .1.7 5 7. ,i 12.S

l.L1\Clll i'\C

Tnt;il s ) ' .:... .. )

,\ND

r·; Sul ph:Hc 1.7

PUR!FlCJ\TlON

s Zn Solubilirv 87. 5

The ro.1s1cd concentr:ite nr c;1\cine is delis·ercd conrinuuuslv to the le:iching pLrnt. Herc it is tre:11cd with sulphuric :icid of suit:ible sll"cngth tcl1· rhc e,;;r;icrion uf the 1.inc, producing ;111 1111-purl' zinc sulph:H,· soluti01; cont:1ining c1dmiurn ;111d copper :ind v.irious orhcr minor impurities nrigin:11ly present in th~· conccntr:lle. This impure solution is subj·:cted Lo suit:1blc purilic;itilln methods, which produce :i pure ;inc suiplurc solurion for electrolysis .rnd sep;ir;lte valuable impurities, such :1s c:1d­mium :ind copper, in " form suiubk for ulrim.He rccos·~1y in marketable form. Tron :111d other im­purirics, together wirh ;1n1· insoluble- ·1.inc, rcrn:1in :1.s .1 residue which cont:1in,; the !'old, silver :ind le;1d

origin:1lly prcscnr in rhc· co11ccntr.1tc. This is senr ro the smelter fn1· recoYery of rhc v:ilues. The 1.111c Ill the re.siduL' is rcC<ls·crcd lw 1hc smelter :is 1i11c oxide :ind is rct:urn·cd LO the 1.inc plant.

Tl1e 111:1in itcnis of the loching :ind purilic.ni<'n plant equipment comprise P:ichuca agir;i-1ing t:rnk.s, Dorr thickeners, i\mcric:lll filters, ?vloore rs·pc Jiltc1·s :ind Kelly :llld Shriver 111ter presses.

ELECTROLYSJS

The purified :-.inc ,ulph;1rc solution is ddivcr·cd t<l th·c electrolytic r:111k r,Jo111s conLllllllH! 65 elcctrolyric units, each oi which consists of 36 ceils in four usc:idcs of 9 cells each. Cells arc of acid proof construcrit)il, either of concrcrc with rubber lining, or of unlined crnks of "Prodoritc" which is a bituminous concrete. This Lnn.:r type was developed :n Trail and promises ro be the most suit:1blc yet developed for this very ex:icring service.

Thirteen

CCT1 - 000658

The installed electrical capacity toc1ls 54,550 K.\X1., m:ide up of 13 motor generator sets, each consisting of two 4000-arnp., 125-volt gencr:1rnrs; ten 4500-:imp., 550-·volt rotary con\'crters

;end ~hrce I 0,000-arnp., 560-volc mercury arc rccrificrs.

Pure lead ;rnodcs arc used and the ·1.inc is dcposit~d on ;1lu111inurn c:nhodc» The zinc oth­odc sheets :ire stripped every 24 hours. Electrolysis rcgcnerHcs sulphuric :1cid cqui\'alcnt ro the zinc

deposited, :rnd the pl:rnt is pr:1ctic.illy sdf-susoining in its ;1ciJ requirements.

MELTJNC

Zinc c:nhodcs arc melted !n c<nl fired rcl'erbcr.Hon· furn:>ces. Zinc i,; hdkd fn>n1 the fur­

;-iaces :111d cast into bars avcDg1ng 56 pounds in wcighr.

Three sr;1rnbrd grades of :1Jnc :ire produced-" 1\" g1-.Hic'. "Prime \Vc"c'rn'', ;1nd "l)ic C;1st:­

ing", with analyses :is follows: I• Pb '. C:d '. Fe C:u

' .. ;\" Grc1de .0 I 5 .oru .00 IX . IHI I

Prime \\/<:stern .9 3 () .006 .007 .1102

Die c::1'iting .003 I .t){) 17 .Oil I .0007

Various modificHions of these gr~\dcs ~1 r~ reguhrly supplied ro Sllll' spcci:1\

\'il'w uf Zi11r E/!'!'!rnlvti1· c,.11 /\uu111, Tr<1ii fl. C:.

CADM!Ul\'l

lv1ost zinc ore~ contain son1c cad1niun1. t ht: .lffHlunL

about one per cent.

/.n by Difference

99.979 9 ').II 5 5 ')').9'),

n·q u ir:...·nhTl ls.

In th~ sta11d:H·d retort process odmium pr,•«:nt conurnin.ncs rhc 1.inc. lt is possible to rc­cove1· some c:1dmium b\' this process, but a rcl:H1\·c],· impure' 111"1:11 rcstill\ :rnd rhc recovery is very

poor.

In th(' clcctrolyric zinc process, however, c1d1111um i:. prcc·ipit.n·:d 111 tl1c pu1·ificatio11 cycle

and Liter rcccl\'crcd hv an electrolytic process s:mihr to tlnr wed lllr ;·,·cnvcnng zinc.

The uses for odmium h:ivc c;.;p;rnclcd r;·,pidh· since :t supp11· of pure mct;i] lwc:1111e ;11·:iil:ible.

Phring for rusr protection, :iMi-fricrion bc:iring mct:ils :~1hl higl1 ,;r.11k pigmc·nts :ire sonic nf rhc

prcSL'11l U\i..'.S.

(ott r/ 1·1·J1

CCT1- 000659

\ :, ., i, :·'. ;. ". !)::

: \ i I . ~ \ l :·

( .il /;·, f ;·

.ll!l · .,;

l}\i.'J').j

S:\1C)J< F CC1NTI~ C)L

T l_!!· .1n1cH1111 \:~ ,c>Jid-. 1:·: ~lll· i°llr111 ll( ~L.1 ... t .111tl i"11ir~c' .ill1)w,·d 10 .~1..:t 11;t1\ :h1.: ;nn1n .... ph1..T1..\ l'ithcr

! !'tl:1) q li.:k, ,,:· i·roill :'dt1nd i'urn.H·l''· ih1·_·...: .1111..l ...;n1nk1..· 1.:k:~1~::1.~ pl.'11l"-. 1, 1\·~L11.:i.:d tti .1 111111i11H1111.

C.<H11i11uou' 1 ...... u11.~ :in,: .11..·1.. u! .. it1..' :·l·1..·11rJ, .l''t1r1.· 1hi...:. '1'11l· r•.;.'o\'•,T\' ()f !h1.·,,· ,o]!d'.'i rn.i\' l)l' cith1.·r

·,,·r 1 · prcdit.ih!l· n1.,•.:!.il!1111 01· 111.n· d:1l\ h1..' i·or tl1i..· t'l11nin.nion oi' .1 nu:'.ll1l1..'.

L.11..·h ll11'l.::1ur.~;t:.d 11!•vr.1111i;1 !"11'1..'\vl1l" .1 'jWt.'iJ! prnhk111 J1!d th1.· ll~l1"t •.:1li .. :i1.~nt l\.1)1.' n( t."lc.111-

ll\t?, (nr 1.·.ll·li ;.., in,~.dkll. \\ >i~· i1~·.il l1:)ilt·!·..., .1n1.l 1,.·,.-,in1ll1~1/1..'r' .Ir:.: l!"n! i11r ... :,i,1;i11,":.:. th:..' hot t1.·1· ,~.l\t.''i

:111d 1li1..· •.i1!1d" .:rl' .... 1~lk·.:t1.d ~·!tl11..·r h:· ... i111pl1.: -.;.•tt!:n.~.' ... pr:~_\·11-i,'.~ \\'ith ,,.Jh:r. 1.·:·\,·LJ:h'". h.l.~h(ll\'il'S, l'kt.'

tric.11 pr:..·1.·ipi1.it:p11 11!' '.)\· ,::~:1 .... L11111hi11.1tiP11 ,Jt 1h1'\:..'.

CHEiv11CALS r\ND FERTILIZERS

T l:l.'•11',';.'\,ji,' ... '.'·',,··.·,'.,· ' .. ',,,'/ /llC·.·:, ..... ·.'.',·.1,1.•.,·,!. -~,'1',','. :,.,··,~ ... ·:1,':'.:1:,,·,']' !)q"'l.\rll"!h'!1l i:L.·,)~':Hl'-, \•) .l LH.~·-· ~·\t.llt C)J1 tht . .' (,11. . ."I . . , r1.: .:" "lilpliit!t·"· The !ir't ·-:,:.P 1n ~lw 11rnl.l''' 11f

!H')dt1L"in.~: 1h,· ;~t11",' nh!." ... !: '1'11 1111.: !~" J .u·~! 1i11c 1.'inh-. .. ·n;r:1v-. l"' '.i.· .. .in1;i·1.i\H111 1i!. tlh' '-t1111hur -'" .ulpliti:· ll:1•\i.._!,.: .... l lit :·, .._·,i, i.."!'\ :\:1 •t1l1'!l111' llhl 11 .. · l L,· \ · ~ 1 ~ , !' n 1i.:11 t "' j)!"\ l1,.'1,.'\\L'\ .1nJ

t.'ft'.. l lCJl : ii' i!'I t'd Ill ]'1.)() J\, i ht· l·::,i :r1 i l);·- .1r-p1·11\1111.11 ~" \

Th" 'Jul;1]1111 .Uhi 'ltiJ)~h,11

Th .. · . \ ;1·: !1 ':'I; i .l J 1i .i :1 t

·r1;,. Pi:i i"!~J, ", I' · ;1:

·1. I h· . \ l~ 1: ll t 'I ii \: i 1: ') t ii t ~· J 1 I .l · 1 '

'i. ·1 h, '.'-::(l!·.1.:.',,_ . .l;:tl '!:1ij)j)in: .. : ]'!.;:;:

1:i/i<t'll

CCT1- 000660

SULPHURIC ACID AND SULPIIUR

The sulphur dioxide cont:1incd in the roaster g:1scs is fixed either as sulphuric acid, am­

rnornurn sL1lph:llc or clcmcnt.ll sulphur. The gas, conr:iining 6 ro 7 per cent sulphur dioxide is first

cle:rncd of dmt b1· Cottrell clecrrost:nic precipitation, followed by w:ner washing :1frcr which it passes

to either the sulphuric :1cid pL111t or rhc amrnoni:1 absorption pbnt. In the !Hter it is absorbed to gi1·e :lll

:unrnonium sulphite solution which, when tre:ncd with sulphuric :1cid, i,; converted 10 :rn1rnonium sul­

phne with liberation of l 00 per cent sulphur dio:-:idc. This conccn1-r:1red g:1s provides the feed for

the 80-rnn ckrncnr:1l sulphur unit. The :rn1rnoniurn sulph:nc solllrion is pumped rn .1 scp.1r:nc pl:rnt

for crystalli/.:lli.on.

The stdphuric acid plants consisr of one ~O-ton :rnd three· 120-ron uni1.s. The process is standard, consistii:g of sulphuric :icid drying of tl1c clean gas, oxid:Hion of rhc diD:-.:id·: to rhc trioxide· using a v:111adium oxide cn:d:·st, :rnd :1bsorption of the sulphur trioxide in 98.5 pc:· cclll sulphllric :icid. The .1cid co11"1111cd i.s L11·gdy 9.l per cent sulphuric, obr:1ined bv dilution of the .dl'orption .1cid. One unit is :ilso c·quippcd to p1oduce okulll of :my required srrc~1~.~th.

Ekmen1:d sulphur is produced by p:i.ss11'g the 100 per cent .sulphur dioxide· ro,c;e1lwr with :1 .Slll.111 proportio,1 of by-product o~ygen through :1 bed of inc:1ndt·,ccnr coke in :1 furn.ie·c .similar to

:in ordin:lry g.1s producer. The furn:lcc g:lses :ire cooled in w:~ste lw:H hoiJ.~,., \\'here the sulphur is con­densed as liqui:l :rnd mist, the last ;·r:lces of llli>r being 1-ernov~d in Conrell ckcrrost:n;c r1·c:\tcrs. The liquid sulphur i.s fin:dlv f~ltcrl'll !<> give :\ 99.9 per cent pure· prot1ucr, \\'hich is pulllpl'll to stor:igc.

Vicw of SuljJimr a!li/ S11/jJ/J11ric ,frirl l'/1111/s, Trail, 13. C

AMMONIA

The arnir1onia synthesi~ pbnt, using clcclrolytic liydrogL~n :~nd ;llr nitrogen. 1<..: onl' of F~niscr design, :rnd h:1s :\ d:1ily op:1cirv of 105 tons Jnhydrous :unmoni:i.

The l:vdrogcn is produced by the electrolysis of W:lter in l 944 unk type cells. I). C. po\\'er is obraincd by mc:lns of three !0,000-:1mp., 670-volt '~"d three 10,0iJO-:rn1p., 8)0-volr rncrt:my :lrc· rectifiers. The electrolyte is :rn 18 per cent c:iusric sod:1 or :1 25 per cent oustic poush ,olution. Nitrogen is prc~ciuccd in f\\'O '°"111d:1rd Cl:rndc liquid :•ir units, c:>ch h:1vi1~!-'. :i d.1ih· op:icir1· of ~6 tons of nirrogc:i. Borh hydro."en :ind nirrogL'!l lu ve rhc high purirv o( 99.~J per cc111.

CCT1- 000661

Tn the :1111monia pbnr propc1· the hydrogen :rnd nitrogen gases :ll'c mixed in the proponion of three to one by volume and then compressed ru about 2 50 :nmosphcrcs in six-stagt• compressor,;,

:-1ftcr which the mixture is cin.:ul:itcd through four synthe"is columns conr:1ining an iron b:1se c:ita­lyst m:1i11taincd at a temperature of 400-450°C. In one circul:ition through :1 column, about 15 per cent of the gas mixture is com·cncd to anrn1onia. The ammonia formed is condensed in the cooling system, one for each synthesis column, tl1c rcsidu:il gas being re-circulated and fresh gas Hided con­i:inuously.

Prior to iLs use in the consuming pbnts the liquid ammonia is vaporized and a part used in this form for rhc production of ;;rnrnonium phosphate fcrrilizcrs. The remainder is dissolved in water to a conccntr:i.rcd :iqu:i :~mmoni:l which is used in the so_1lphur d!exidc recovery plant and finally ap­pears :is ,1mmo11ium sulphate.

(yfrrirn· I'll'//. of /\1111111mit1 /'/ant, Trail, 13. C.

PJIOSPHATE

Phosphate rock is rhc usu:il source of phosphorus cont:1incd in fertilizers. lf conccntr:ited fcrtiliz.cn :ire 1<quircd. phosphoric :icid must first be m:1dc from Lil'.: rock. This is :iccomplishcd :it

Trail in :1 pl:111r consisting of thrc·c unirs. having :1 tot:il up:1cirv of ·150 t01is pho,ph:itc' rnck per d:l)'· The process is ccntinuo11s :ind consists of rhc rc:iction of ground rock wirh sulphuric :icid in a series of rncch:rnic:il :1giuwrs followed by counter-current, triplc-sr:1gc filtration of rhc phosphoric acid--1-\)'PSUlll slurry. The Duorinc e,·oh·cd is recovered in :1 s111:1ll pbnr :111d is used locallv in rh~ lc:Hl re­fining procl'ss. The :1cid produced corn:iins 32 to 33 per cent P"O,,.

The i:-hosph:Hc frnilizc•r pl:int consists of rhrcc units h:l\·ing :1 tnt:il c:1p:1ciLy of 300 to •150 tons oi linishcd product per d:w. These un be used i11tcrch:ingc:ihh· for production of the diffcrcnr phosph:n~ fcnili1ci-s which :ire:

Sr'H'Jliecn

(:1) 1\mrnoniurn piiu.\phHc cont:iining 11 per cent nitrogen, -18 per cent phosphoric :icid :ind produced hy partial ncutr.1liz:it.ion of phosphoric .Kid wii:h :irnmoni:1 g:is.

(b) 1\mmonium pbosph:ite-sulpl1:1tc containing 16 pci- cent nitrogen, 20 per ccni: pl10sphoric acid and produced by p:irti:il ncutraliz:nion of :1 Fhosphoric :1cid-:1mrnonium slilpl1atc solution with :immonia gas.

( c) Triple supcrphosph:ite, 43 per ccni: :1v:1il:.blc phosphoric :1cid, m.1dc by intcr:inion of phosphoric acid and phosph:ite rock.

CCT1- 000662j

'fhe 111:iin items of cqt11prncnr. of c:1ch unH :ire· mcc:h.111ic:il :igit:itors, blungcr, drier, clc\':ll:or, screen\ :ind pulverizer.

/\.1\FII01\'W.\f ~ULPIL\TE

ln t11..:· proccs,.; :~r prC\l'nt bl'in,:~ U'\l'd the !;r.~1.:ti,:.lll~· \.1t11r:11cd .11n111nliiu111 ..;ulph.ltL· -;olutinn from rlw sulphur pL1nt is C\'.ljl<'l'.HL'd :i11d ··:n·,ulli1vd in ,; h.llll'l·1· o( four Osi" crnr.dli1.cr unir,, l'.1cl1

h:l\·ing :1 c:1p.1l'ir)· of l 00 rnns j1l'1· d:H'. Th,· ]'1'.lCtic:dil· p11rc' s.dt is l'l'l'o1·c·r,~d fro111 1'1e Oslo ,·,li1-

centr1rcd sfurry b~' cent tifu~in,!..!, \\':hhin:~ lnd dn<n_!.!,, Llh.' :11nth ... ·:· !lqunr hL·i11g r._•tt~l"ncd tn rlw "\":u:ni.

'fhe p1.11n ;llso h;1s rhrcc ~.1fl1ratt)r unir<; (."!p:1blc 1)( prtH111c:.r,~, by dirl'lt 1h'11rr:iliz.itioP of . ..;ul­phuric :1cid, 250 rn1i> :1111111011iu111 sc:lph:11,· pa d.11-. This j'l'"'"'' :.nd cquip111c111 ;,, h"'"Cl'L'r, li1r!c usc'<I :lt tht presenl ti1Y1e nn :l<.:Lount :>f d1!..' nc~·,,,_,!t~· or U'-li~1g ::.P ~he .111·1111uni:1 .1\·,1ibh\l' for sulphur l"l'l'()\·t·r:·.

Bcl';1usc uf rhc sC:hon.d dl·nun1..I for fl·nilii'.l.'!"\. l.11'.~c \l11r.1g<.,'S :lrl· nt.~i...'t.'.-.\:tn'. 'fhc S: .. or:l:-.:,c Pl:1nr prnvidcd :ir Tr.iii L.1s :i lot:d c:ip:ic·ir:: of ·'l'l1""xi111.,r,·l_1· I 11\J,tJl)I) tuns. T" ,,.n·,· rliis thLTe :ire pro,·idcd shippi1~.~ n1i//-; :-:uit.1hly equipped \\·i::h d1-.i1HL'.~r.Hur~. ~~:rl't.'n'l. s:1,·kin.~ huppcr:;. -;,_·_,Jl'o..: :111d sew­ing 111achines. ro k·;1d ;ls !lluo:.:h .1.-. J ,)OO tor:' d.1ilv.

·rhe lrcl'--ru111:in,:.2_, 11011 ·l::1l..:11.:~ 1 ricuhr llll'<..'l"CSt l.'"Pl'Li.11/,,- \\·h ... ·~'l" l"l-r:i!11t.T', c::lfLH./i;!!) Pr:1ir;cs.

;2.r.1r111l.1r 11:1r11r •. : tii' th~~ ·rr.1il i"t..1 rti!i1t..'r producrs J'i o{ p.1r­

Ji.1,·l· 111 h;..· 1.l1qrd"lltt..'d !l1rnu.~~h ,Jri/l.\. J•; =~ tht..· ,·.1\t.' on tl1.,.·

CCT1- 000663

Vi,·u· of J',.,-fifi-:::l'r Sturag1• Plm1t, Trail, l3. C.

ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION

A LL pLrnt repairs and mainrcn:incc as well :is the design :'nd construction of new pl:1nrs :ire ]i;1ndkd bv the J~nginccring :ind Construction Department. This sen-ice COYcrs not nnly the Smelting, Chemic.ii and Fcnilizcr Plants at Trail. but :ilso the Sulliv:;n ;v!inc :rnd ·11!ill :H Kirn-· bcrlcy :ind the numeroi1s other opcr.nions of the Company in v:1rious p:ins of C:111:id:i.

The C\tcmiY,: pl:inr improvcnwnrs :111d new construction nf rhe p:1sr 10 '" J 5 :·cars rng,:rhcr wirh the f:1ct th:n our oper:nions :n th<'.' Trail-Kimberley area an: :1. considcr:1ble disi:111u· from brgc rn:111uf:1cturin.~ crnrrcs lus justified the erection and eguipping of much Lir,,;;cr :rnd better shop.s rh:111 would be requir,·d for m:iintcnancc work :ilonc. The Trail shops now comtruct the gre:Jtl'I" p:1rr ol :111v new equipment r~<juircd.

The 1n1mbcr of men cmploycJ for these snviccs is 1,200 and the facili1ics comprise :111

iron, ·.srl'd :111d brass foundry, :1lso 111:1chinc, electric, C;l!"pentry, rubber, lc:id burning, welding :111c!

boiler· shops :1s \\'ell :1s cquipmem for rolling lead :1nd extruding lead pipe.

Tn offset the tendency of :i large construction prog•·:\ln to sidcrrack :1clcq\1:Hc rn;;imcn­.111cc :111d to cn:1blc the opcr:nors rn exercise a close control over rmitinc mainren:rncc, the v:1rio1» producrion rkp:nrments ILiYe '"10:1!1 individual shops where f:icilitics :ire :idcqu:He rn handle minor brc:1k-downs and maint:iin sp:Hc p:1rts. Each of these produnion pl:inr shops h:1s i'5 own forennn !11 the v:l!'ious trades, who is responsible for t:he work of his tr:1dc> in the indiYidu:il phnr to his cl1icL :1s well :1s to rhc pbnt superintendent.

Large jobs go to the main ·shops which have built under license such machines as 102-inch di:1rncter i\mcric:rn filters, 60-inch diameter by 2A-inch crushing rolls, 10-foot Fhrdingc mills, 12-ron electric locomotives and nJrrow g:iuge rolling stock, Dwight-Lloyd ·sintcring m.1chines, Cottrell smoke trc:Jters, electrolytic hydrogen cells and 2 5-foot di:1meter \\'!edge roasters. They :ire equipped to

Ni11eterm

CCT1- 000664

handle wide variations in work such as the complete rebuilding of :ieropbncs, rubber vulcanizing, the cutting of hcrrin_!!;bonc pinions, the casLing of steel or iron sbg pots, the lead burning of tanks and other equipmenr, complete building of bhst furn:1ccs, rebuilding of mowrs. st:1inlcss steel casting and the making of fine furniture ;ind fancy wroui;ht iron :1rticles. Such :i list might co1ninuc indefin­itely, but will suffice to indicate the extent of the possibilities :111d demands.

The design :rnd det:1iling of machinery or cornpkre pl:rnrs is lundlcd by a well staffed draught.in_,; office working under the direction of the Chief Engineer ;rnd in conjunction with the op­erators of the dcp:1runenrs being s<;rvcd. J\ L1ir propnrrio1·, of rhc lT:1dc·"11c'n have been ;ipprcnticcd in the shop.c \\'here they :1n~ now cmpluye•el.

FUEL

THE Compa1w's fuel requirements :n Tr:iil arc irnpon:rnt from the st:111dpoint of utility JS well :1s expense. Co:ll, coke, cord wood :ind fuel oil ro :l ro•:.11 ,·,due of one :rnd :1 qu:1rrer million doll:u·s :1;·e used :111n11:dly.

CoJ! consu11111tio11 :1mou11rs ro I 00,000 rnns :l vc:1r, <lt \\'hich /5 per CL'IH is burned i1'. powdered f,1rm eirlicr as met:dlur,>;ic:d iud or for sre:1m r:1isi11:~· This uul. .1 high c.1rbDn bitumin·· ous grade, llrigin~ncs in the Crowsncsr P:1s-; district i!·, the snut hl..':~~rL~rn lnrnl..'r of rht.? pro\'incc ~1nd is h.1ukd bv r:1il ]80 miles to the Snwlter.

Ei 0 hrv-fiYc 1hous:111d tons of c·nke• :ire' US('d ;in11u:1lh· .ind oi rhi, ~5 per cent is usc·d :1s le:1d bhst··f{1;.;;,ic:.;·· Juel.

J'.ucl ,.ii co111111:111ds :i vcn· high price in rhc di"ric:t .ll'.ci co11s:quc11tly irs me is rcstricte·cl. Po\\'dered cu;il h:1s rephced oil :lt c\'cn· possible point \\'ith .1 ,·,·n· 111:11ni.tl '·"·ing in fuel costs. The oil in use :n Frcsent is diesel oil. lt is received in t:1nk ors .:•:d 110 ,liffic11ln· 1s experienced in h:111dling ir in zero \\'c.uhcr and no prelw:1ting is 1·equired. /\hour l,llOO,lliill g;il\ons .lre burned :111-

11u:1ll>· :1t \'Jriot1:-. pninro.; in the phn:.: \\'hl'rc puw(fl'red l..'u.1l1

(dr 01;c.._' J\.';l\Ol1 (:r .1nodwr, C:tnnnl he tl'il'll.

ELECTRIC POWER

P ()\'>?ER is supplied by the \'>7 est Kootcnay Power 111d l.ighr Comp.im·, Limited, from four hydro··clcnric ph1ns 1)11 the K<)Ole'n:l\' River, about 27 mile, '"'':l\', :rnd is tr;rnsmitted :n 60,000 vol1:s, .1-Dli:~sc, i\O cvclcs. The Powe1· (-=:omp:iny hnilr its {i1·sr pl.1!ll. 011 th,· Kl)ote11:1\' Ri"'~r i11 18.98. which consisted of t\\·o 1,184-H.P. hydnJ-CicClric units. i\ thi;·d 11nir u( the same si1.c \\':1s added

:11 18.99. \Yith rhc incre:;oc in dcm.:nd for power, other srarions s•.·c1·c added :ind the original station demolished in 1925, to be rcphccd with a hrgcr pl:inr. The rnul insr:dkd op;icity of the fnm existing pl:inrs now 111 OJJcr.1tion is 226,000 l·l. J>.

Opcr:aions ;it. Tr1il arc on J 2•f-hour b:rsi·; :rnd h·.1vc :t tu\\ c;ip.1cit1· load of 181,000 H.P. The 24-hour \uJd f:1cror 1s 95 p~r cent ;ind the powc1· hero:· 1s :1buu~ 95 l'l'l' ccnr.

Fr:>1T1 a centr:1\ swirching scnion thl'. pow<.'!" is c.list-ribu:·~d to ni1:c high tension srcp-down stations locarcd :lt various parts of the pl:int where it is stepped do""' t<> the volr;igc required. Ccnrr;i\ power in the phnt is wed at 2200 :ind 550 volrs, c':\Cl"j)[ for rorary convcrte~rs ;ind mcr­c11ry arc rectifiers. Eight sub-st:itions st~p dw pn.,1cr down frc.n; 22011 rn (,O() \'ohs in different p:irts of lhe pbnt as required.

Sevc111.s·-fi,·c pe1· cent of the powet" is used for clcctrns·ltic work ;n the production of mct:i1' :ind hydn1gen s:1s. The instJl\ed ca1ncity of D. C. conw:·sinn equipment i' 104,800 K.\V.--l+0,500 H. P.-of which 18,250 K. \'>?. is conHn:cd bv moror grncr.mi1· •;ets. 24,750 K. \'\I. by nJun· co1-.vcrrcrs and 61,800 K. \1/. L)\' rncrcurv :He rectifiers. The fir.'1 mcrcu1·s· ;;re rcnificr insollation was put into opcr:ition in 1929 :i1;d Clllisisr~d of th rec 'l,601) K. \\'. units in. the Zinc pbnt. At th:n time ;t w:rs one: of lhc hrgcst llll'l'c:ury :He rectifier insr:1lh1iuns ior c'lcctrolytic work 1n ihc world. In the rdincrv, rnornr generator scrs :1rc used to co1wcrr the• ll. C. powcr required. 1n the Che·rnic:d '"''I FcniliNr l'l:tnts. SO pe:r c·c11r of the power is t"c'<I i11 <he prntlucr;on of hvdro.~cn.

'/ '/{ 't'Jl /)

CCT1- 000665

In th~ hvdrogcn plant, mercury arc rcctifiCJ"s a:-c used :1s conn'rsion equipment, rherc be:·-" .<i>­

unirs, thn.·~ of "·hich :He 6,700 K. \\!. and three 8,300 K. \XI.

The Jbo\"c covers the large users of electric power, bur a number of other appliotions m:iybe mentioned, such :is Cottrell u·cHcrs for the precipir.ar.ion of rncrallic dmt from flue gas~s, elec­tric evaporators, boilers and furnaces, as well as pumping stations and th~ traction system.

\'it'll' U/ Vo. I 1'!011/ of Th .. \\!,.sf f\ou/1'1/11y l'ower <I.Jiii Light Co111j)({11y, u.r., Oil Koulc//ll)' River

1u·<1r Nl'iso11, 13. C.

Twrnly-One

CCT1 - 000666

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

HAND in h;ind. with the indusrrial exp;insion of the Trail rcdL1crio11 plants and the Sullivan

mine there h:1s been, during the past 20 years, marked progress in sound and harmonious em­ploycr-cmploycc rcbtionships. The Indllstrial Relations program of the Comp:1ny covers the hir­ing, phcing, training, promotion, transfer and discharge of employees; w:1ge·s, sabries, bonuses and

profit sharing; hours and conditions of labour; ;1pprenticc tr;1ining; s:1fcty and first aid promotion; em­ployees' housing and rccrcnion; group assurance, hc:1lrh insur:rncc :rnd pensions.

\\!OR KA!E:-.Z'S CO-OPFR ;\T!VE COM/ll ITfEES

A vital factor in the successful administr:nion of the Co111p:1ny\ Tndl!Sffi:il Rd:1tions pbn has been the \Vorkrnen's Co-opcrari,·c Commitree system, which has b•:<:n in opcr.irion for many years 3t the Trai! and Kimberley pl:ints. E:ich committee consist:c. of member,; elected by their fel­low workmen, e:ich member represenring one of die v:1riotrs departments f(n· :1 term of 12 months, 50 per cent of tl1e membership coming up for election by s.::cret b:1llot cs-cry six months. The Gen­er:il i'vf:uugcr is :i pcrm:rnent member of these Committees :rnd arrcnds me•:rrngs either :it his request or :it the rcqu~st of the Committee.

The function of the \Vorkmen's Co-op~r:itiYc Commitrcc is to assist the man:igcmcnt to run the planrs of the Company safely :ind fairly, :i lso to interpret correctly ide:1s of the management to th~ men :rnd those of the men to the m:inagem cnt. By ui-opcr:;rion and Liir pl:iy through the \'Vorkmen's Co-opcrnive Committees, cordi:i! rebtions h:ivc bet:n mai11t:1i11cd between the employer ;;nd employee. Evidence of results is to be found in improved living :rnd working conditions, also in the: fact that there l1n·e been no serious labor trouble,; or strikes of :my ],ind since the in­:rnguration of the committee system in 1917.

HIRING

All :>.pplicants for employment arc intc1·viewcd privndy :it the employment ofticc located Olltside the pLin1: hounch1·ies. In the selection of applicanrs, all other q1ulific:it:ion's being cqu:il, pref­erence is given rn sons of employees and to rhos~ of Canadi:rn birth. J\ preference is shown also to those who arc> considered ro he of benefit to the community ;n wclhrc, :.rtistic, Hhlcric and .social :1Ctivitics.

C1reful selection under these conditions bs had the du:il effect of building up an efficient body of men for work and a contented community c'.lpablc of providi;1g :l grcal deal of its own entertainment.

OPEN TRANSFER SYSTEM

Once established with the Company the employee's posirion is nude as secure :is possible. To avo;d his bcin1r 1111justlv discharged and t0 assure him a square dc:il, the open rr:rnsfer system ln'S been evolved.

If the workman f:iils to give satisfaction, the usuc1! pr:tcricc of the foreman is to give him an open transfer, rn:tking :i wri.trcn st.ltcment oi the reasons thcrdoL Except in the case of a very serioi:rs offence or unpardonable conduct, the employee's '.'pen uansfer is recorded by the In­dustrial Relations Department :rnd he is put back to work with another foreman. If unsatisfactorv to a second clep:irtmcnt, lw i.s gi\'cn yet rnorhcr chance. On being rurned in as unsuitable for a. third time he is autom:nicall)' discharged. Hv this system a good man is fairly well assured of permanent employment with the Company.

A workman may appeal his dismiss.ii through the \'Vorkmcn's Co-operative Committee which review's his cas2 through an appointed tribunal 0 f his fellow workmen. The C'_,ornmittec may 01· may not sec fit ro :tppcal the decision.

Twc11 f)'-Two

CCT1- 000667

\\'.\CES, BONUSES, ETC.

It has been the policy rn giYc the employee some financial inrcrcst 111 the Company. His wage consists of :1 base r:ne of p.1'·, s11fficie nt to t:1kc c:irc of his c·o;t of living. Jn addition to

this he p:irticipates in prolits in the n:1turc of bonuses b:ised on plant efficiency :rnd metal prices. On completion of each t:wo ye:1r's scn·ice the employee is given :1 bonus of one share of Company stock.

WORKING TIME

Since 1932 :1 five-day week or its equivalent ha~ b2.~n in effect. Shift men, comprising those who work in dep:1rtments of the pl:rnt where operations arc continuous, work 15 days and then lay off five days. :V[ost of the shop crews and those working on construction, work five days and lay off two days.

Employees "·ishing rn ukc :1 \'.\Cation or req11esting leave of absence, may, when conven­ient to the comp:rny. ukc time off cquiv:ilcnt rn 10 per cent of their total period of service with the Company, with no loss oi scrYicc privileges.

GROUP ASSURANCE

Three month:. :lftcr cnrcnng the "Service of the Comr"ny, each employee is covered by group insurance to the e~tcnt of SS00.00. This amount increases $100.00 for each additional six months' service until the m:1:-:in111111 of Sl,500.00 is re:1ched. The cost of this insu1·ance is borne bv the Company.

Under tl1c s:1111c· group polic,· c111plnvecs >ubscribe to :1n :1dditional $1,000.00 coverage :it

the s:irnc low premium r:irc.

/\ v:ilu:1blc ic:irurc' of both of these pl:ins is rht~ Tllt:ll :111d Per111:1ncnt Dis:1bility clause.

l!EJ\l.TH INSURANCE

/\.ll c111plu\'cc'1 :ind thci1· dcpcnclcnts 1·cccivc pr:icrically complet,· mcdiul Jttcnrion :rnd hospiulizorion. This •;,.,.vice cmis the crnplo)·cc S2.50 per month, the Co1111):i11y C\Jntributing, dircctlv :1nd indirectly, •lppro~irn:Hch· ')() ce1as per m:111 pc1 month. Both occup:;ri.rn:1l :111d non-ocn1p:nion:il .sickness is covered undc1· this pl:in.

\JO\:-OC:CUP.\T!ON:\L 'llCKNESS ;\l.LO\\'!M\!CE

'fhe ConsolidJtcd Lm11lo1 r-c," Bc·11n·olcnt Society. forrnd .111d :1drninisrercd by die employees, :\.ssists those who .ire' force,! rn !:11· nil' "'·"rk due to non-occup:Hi('ll:ll sickness m· :1cc'dcnt. The em­ployee contributes \ 1.00 per l11lll;th :111d is r·nt itled to rccei\·~ bcndit.i of S 1. 50 per d:w for :i period of six monrhs in :i11y one yc:ir.

1\ pcmion ;chc·rnc fin:i11ccd cntirch' b,· the Con1pan\' pr1l\·idcs 1·cr.;remcnt p:1ymcnts :lt the :1ge of c;o ycJrs JftL'r 15 yc:trs of sl:r\·icc or :lt the :1ge of 55 yc1rs ;1ftLT 25 \'L':trs ui SCT\~icc. Based on the :n·l'r:H;e c:1rnin~s for the rcn :·~.l!'s in1111cdia1el:,. preceding rctircn1L'nt, :1 pension is granted of one per cc1~t for en:,.,_. vc.1r of sct"l·icc ll'irh ;1 minimum p:1ymenr of $240.00 per yc:lr.

i\l'PRENTJCE TRAJ:\fli\'G In the intcrcs: of )'Ollth :111d ro ensure co some extent :'gJi11sr :1 furure shortage of skillec~

tr:1dcsrnc11, the Comp:1nv offers opporrunirics to sons of cmplovo:cs to lc:irn one of tll'clve rncch:mic:il :ind building tr:idc.\. Under a progress;,." apprcEticc rr:iining pL1i1 the boys :.re given :four l1ours each week in the J\pprl'.nti<:c School under competent: rcchnic:1l supen·ision, togcrhcr with four and a half ye:1rs pr:1cticai tT,1ining 1111der q11aliiieci tradcs1~1cn. On completion of this period of apprenticeship it has been the Company's practice rn :ibsorb the apprentices rnro tl1cir own trades if possible. Howcvcr, when this is not possible the)· :ire offered other work until such rnne as a v:1cancy occurs in the chosen trade.

T1ff11ty-Thffe

CCT1- 000668

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TN /628 /Cb/S 8

SAFETY FmST

A vigorous campaign of :1ccidcnt prevetction is nuinuincd and ' './Stematic :1ttack on the accident problem is promoted by free safct~' and first aid insrn:crirrn t" :,Ji employees. The follow­ing figures for the Tcail plant illustrate the fact th:<t such a policy li:i·. l,ccn :unply justified:

Shifts lost per 1,000 workcd-1917-21.0 " 1,000 -1927-l 0.5

1,000 -l ')17-- 4.)

IJOUSL'\G

Employees HC encouraged to own their own homes. To this end tl1<· Company advances build­ing loans to employees at five per cent interest. Monthly payroll dcducrio11' .1r1: arranged for repayment of principal :111d interest, usually spread over a period of eight lO ten )'<':tr· .. /\ building inspector is employed by the Company who supervises construcrion of all houses :111.I '"·cs that they arc up t0 specificatiom. The C,omp:111y h:1s also made building sire.s avaibhk ro e1111•l<Jvccs for summer camps at one of rhc nc:1rby hkcs. ·

T11.>1·11ty-Fo11r

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CCT1 - 000669