The Status of APNIC’s IPv4 Resources: Exhaustion & Transfersof the Transferred Addresses There are...
Transcript of The Status of APNIC’s IPv4 Resources: Exhaustion & Transfersof the Transferred Addresses There are...
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The Status of APNIC’s IPv4 Resources:Exhaustion & Transfers
Geoff Huston
APNIC Labs
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1. IPv4 Exhaustion
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What’s Left in IPv4
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RIPE NCC’s final /8
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LACNIC’s 2 final /11’s
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ARIN’s IPv6 Transition /10
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ARIN’s IPv6 Transition /10
!
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APNIC’s final /8
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Where Are We?• LACNIC running a split pool of two /11 blocks
6 – 9 months to go
• APNIC running out of their last /82 – 3 years to go
• AFRINIC still have a pool of 1.5 /8s to go 2 years to go
• RIPE NCC running out of their last /84 ½ years to go
• ARIN reserved a /10 for V6 transition345 years to go
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Where Are We?• LACNIC running a split pool of two /11 blocks
6 – 9 months to go
• APNIC running out of their last /82 – 3 years to go
• AFRINIC still have a pool of 1.5 /8s to go 2 years to go
• RIPE NCC running out of their last /84 ½ years to go
• ARIN reserved a /10 for V6 transition345 years to go
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2. APNIC’s Last /8
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APNIC’s IPv4 Address Pools:August 2016
Pool Assigned Available ReservedLast/8 16,771,584 8,798,720 7,790,336 182,528IANAReturns 4,060,160 4,020,224 0 39,936Various 120,366,336 117,288,448 0 3,077,888APNICAllocations 738,150,656 737,881,088 0 269,568RIRTransfers 383,488 383,488 0 0Total 879,732,224 868,371,968 7,790,336 3,569,920
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APNIC Allocation from the last /8
“This means that Members can still get IPv4 address space; however, each Member is entitled to a total maximum of a /22 (or 1,024 addresses) from each pool.”
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Assigned53%
Available46%
Reserved1%
Statusof103/8
Status of 103/8
Assigned: 8,798,720
Available: 7,790,336
Reserved: 182,528
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APNIC’s Last /8
Oldest
Most Recent
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Allocation Sizes - APNIC
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Larger Holdings in 103/8?There are 100 instances where the same end entity is listed as holding more than 1,024 addresses assigned from 103/8
These are probably the result of post-allocation mergers, acquisitions and transfers
1 x 1,28017 x 1,5361 x 1,792
185 x 2,0481 x 2,3041 x 2,56026 x 3,0728 x 4,0961 x 4,3523 x 5,1201 x 7,1681 x 8,1921 x 10,2401 x 13,3121 x 14,3361 x 67,840
Cumulatively, this accounts for 66,368 addresses, or 8.5% of all addresses that have been assigned from 103/8
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Country Allocations from 103/8
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Country Allocations from 103/8
Huh?
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Transfer Activity in the Last /8
6 Inter-RIR transfers:2,048 addresses transferred to RIPE NCC, Netherlands (2015)1,024 addresses transferred to RIPE NCC, Iran (2016)3,072 addresses transferred to ARIN, United States (2016)
195 APNIC transfers:172,032 addresses transferred
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Advertised vs Assigned in 103/8
Assigned Addresses:
8,804,352
Advertised Addresses:
5,865,984
Unadvertised Addresses:2,938,368
1/3 of the assigned space from the last /8 is not advertised
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Advertised/Unadvertised Map of 103/8
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103/8 Consumption Modelling
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Projection for the last /8
We probably have 2 – 3 years left!
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3. IANA Recovered Space:
Returns to APNIC
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APNIC’s IPv4 Address Pools:August 2016
Pool Assigned Available ReservedLast/8 16,771,584 8,798,720 7,790,336 182,528IANAReturns 4,060,160 4,020,224 0 39,936Various 120,366,336 117,288,448 0 3,077,888APNICAllocations 738,150,656 737,881,088 0 269,568RIRTransfers 383,488 383,488 0 0Total 879,732,224 868,371,968 7,790,336 3,569,920
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Recovered Pool Status
Advertised UnadvertisedTotal_Pool 4,063,232 2,241,536 1,821,696 45%Transferred 3,072 2,048 1,024 33%APNICPool 4,060,160 2,239,488 1,820,672 45%Available 0 0 0Reserved 40,960 4,096 36,864 90%Assigned 4,019,200 2,235,392 1,783,808 44%
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Allocation Size Distribution
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Economy Distribution
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Advertised vs UnAdvertised
Last /8 IANA ReturnedAdvertised 5,865,984 2,239,488UnAdvertised 2,938,368 1,820,672Total 8,804,352 4,060,140
66% advertised 55% advertised
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Who Has WhatAPNICAllocated ERX/Legacy Last/8 Recovered XFRIN Count
� 3,836� 680
� � 126� 3,836
� � 1,476� � 17
� � � 47� 20
� � 6� � � 1
� � 3,228� � � 554
� � � 14� � � � 25
� 3� � 1� � � 1
� � 2� � � 7� � � � 1
� � � 4� � � � 4
� � � � 3� � � � � 4
6,089 919 9,222 3,863 30 13,896
Of the 6,803 distinct holders of pre-exhaustion address space, only 2,159 entities also hold last /8 and/or IANA recovered space.
There are more entities holding only last /8 and/or IANA recovered space (7,090) than holders of the pre-exhaustion address space
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Returned Pool Consumption
?
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4. Transfers
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IPv4 Address TransfersTotal Transfers Registered with APNIC: 1,672
Internal (APNIC -> APNIC): 1,425Inter-RIR: ARIN->APNIC 229
APNIC ->ARIN 9APNIC->RIPE NCC 9
Total Address Volume Transferred: 21,702,400Internal (APNIC -> APNIC): 12,554,944Inter-RIR: ARIN->APNIC 8,012,288
APNIC->ARIN 19,456APNIC->RIPENCC 115,712
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Transfers started in APNIC in late 2010
The average number of transfers per month has risen from 2 – 3 per month to 30 – 80 per month in 2016
The volume of addresses transferred has risen from some 10 x /24s per to a total monthly volume of of 1,000 – 6,000 /24s in 2015 - 2016.
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Original Allocation (Registration) date of the Transferred Addresses
There are two visible peaks here: one is the so-called “legacy” space which was originally allocated pre 1994The other is the address blocks allocated in 2009 – 2011, immediately prior to APNIC address exhaustion.
These relative peaks are visible when looking at the volumes of transferred addresses,
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Age (since initial allocation) of the Transferred Addresses
There are again two visible clusters here: one is the so-called “legacy” space which is transferred some 20 - 25 years after the initial allocation and the second is a peak of transferred addresses that were transferred within 2 - 8 years following the initial allocation.
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An Economy View of Transfers
• The next few slides look at transfers from a national perspective.
• An “Import” is where the receiver of the transferred address is registered within the country
• An “Export” is where the disposer of the transferred address is registered within the country
• A “Domestic” transfer is where the disposer and receiver are both in the same country
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Imports and ExportsCCCode Imports Exports Internal Total Name
Number Addresses Number AddressesNumber Addresses Number AddressesAF 2 33,792 1 1,024 0 0 3 34,816 AfghanistanAPNIC 21 310,784 11 150,784 7 76,800 39 538,368 APNIC-APCodeARIN 9 19,456 229 8,012,288 0 0 238 8,031,744 ARINAU 24 545,024 28 467,968 175 597,760 227 1,610,752 AustraliaBD 4 2,560 2 9,216 22 49,152 28 60,928 BangladeshCN 32 3,916,544 13 1,447,936 54 1,801,984 99 7,166,464 ChinaFJ 0 0 1 256 0 0 1 256 FijiHK 43 2,002,176 40 1,786,368 93 328,192 176 4,116,736 HongKongID 1 8,192 7 43,008 44 53,248 52 104,448 IndonesiaIN 107 2,643,200 2 8,192 128 337,152 237 2,988,544 IndiaJP 33 1,225,984 7 98,816 603 3,012,096 643 4,336,896 JapanKH 3 18,432 0 0 6 13,312 9 31,744 CambodiaKR 2 2,048 0 0 0 0 2 2,048 RepublicofKoreaMM 2 3,072 0 0 0 0 2 3,072 MyanmarMN 2 8,448 1 256 3 17,408 6 26,112 MongoliaMY 20 187,136 3 1,536 9 8,704 32 197,376 MalaysiaNP 0 0 1 2,048 3 18,432 4 20,480 NepalNZ 11 33,024 11 101,632 17 72,192 39 206,848 NewZealandPF 1 16,384 0 0 0 0 1 16,384 FrenchPolynesiaPG 0 0 0 0 2 2,048 2 2,048 PapuaNewGuineaPH 7 77,568 12 48,128 9 61,440 28 187,136 PhilippinesPK 1 4,096 0 0 27 24,576 28 28,672 PakistanRIPE 9 115,712 0 0 0 0 9 115,712 RIPENCCSG 55 3,112,448 36 2,546,944 10 40,704 101 5,700,096 SingaporeTH 9 434,176 0 0 42 391,168 51 825,344 ThailandTL 3 2,304 0 0 0 0 3 2,304 Timor-LesteTO 0 0 0 0 1 512 1 512 TongaTW 4 4,096 2 1,536 8 65,536 14 71,168 TaiwanVN 4 3,328 0 0 0 0 4 3,328 VietnamWS 0 0 2 2,048 0 0 2 2,048 Samoa
409 14,729,984 409 14,729,984 1,263 6,972,416 2,081 36,432,384
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Imports and Exports
• The Asia Pacific region is a net importer of IPv4 addresses (8.0M addresses have been imported from ARIN via transfers)
• Japan is the largest domestic market for IPv4 addresses
• Singapore is the largest regional exporter of addresses, and China is the largest regional importer
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How Many are Buying and Selling?
502 different sellers
478 different buyers
913 participants
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Transfer Size
• The transfer log records a transfer in terms of individual CIDR blocks
• We can group these together by using a common key of source entity, destination entity and date.
• Using this we see that the transfer log contains distinct 740 transactions
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Transfer Size Distribution
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Transfers in APNIC
This is still a relatively small scale activity in this region.
Out of the 879,732,224 addresses in the APNIC registry, transfers account for the movement of 21,702,400 addresses (2.5%)
Transfers involved 913 entities out of a total of 13,897 unique holders of IP addresses (6.6%)
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Questions?
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