The Starting Point

Trends in Higher Education Series For detailed data, visit: trends.collegeboard.org

The Starting Point

• Published prices have been rising rapidly.

• Increases in federal grant aid and tax benefits have cushioned price increases — but led to concerns about federal spending.

• Concerns about student debt are mounting.

• Is anything changing?


Percentage Change in Inflation-Adjusted Mean Family Income

by Quintile, 1982–1992, 1992–2002, and 2002–2012

SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2013, Figure 20A.

Year Lowest 20% Second 20% Third 20% Fourth 20% Highest 20% Top 5 %

2012 $15,534 $38,184 $62,464 $95,474 $202,559 $352,3382011 $15,601 $38,341 $62,307 $95,180 $202,067 $351,7282010 $15,715 $38,871 $63,355 $96,659 $197,055 $329,487


Average Published Charges for Full-Time Undergraduates by Type and Control of Institution, 2013-14 (Enrollment-

Weighted)

—Sample too small to provide meaning information.

SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2013, Table 1A.

Tuition and Fees Room and Board Total Charges

Sector 2013-14 2012-13$

Change%

Change 2013-14 2012-13$

Change%

Change 2013-14 2012-13$

Change%

Change

Public Two-Year In-State

$3,264 $3,154 $110 3.5% $7,466 $7,342 $124 1.7% $10,730 $10,496 $234 2.2%

Public Four-Year In-State

$8,893 $8,646 $247 2.9% $9,498 $9,171 $327 3.6% $18,391 $17,817 $574 3.2%

Public Four-Year Out-of-State

$22,203 $21,533 $670 3.1% $9,498 $9,171 $327 3.6% $31,701 $30,704 $997 3.2%

Private Nonprofit Four-Year

$30,094 $28,989 $1,105 3.8% $10,823 $10,458 $365 3.5% $40,917 $39,447 $1,470 3.7%

For-Profit $15,130 $15,060 $70 0.5% — — — — — — — —


Average Annual Percentage Increases in Inflation-Adjusted Published Prices by Decade, 1983-84 to 2013-

14

SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2013, Figure 4.


Published In-State Tuition and Fees, Net Tuition and Fees, and Room and Board in 2013 Dollars, Full-Time

Undergraduate Students at Public Institutions, 2003-04 to 2013-14, Selected Years



Published Tuition and Fees, Net Tuition and Fees, and Room and Board in 2013 Dollars, Full-Time

Undergraduate Students at Private Nonprofit Four-Year Institutions,

1993-94 to 2013-14, Selected Years



Number of Pell Recipients, Total Inflation-Adjusted Expenditures, and Maximum and Average Pell Grant Relative to the 1976-77 Level, 1976-77 to 2012-13

SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013, Figure 13A.

2010-11 2011-12 2012-13Total Pell Expenditures (Constant Dollars) 6.33 5.75 5.45Number of Recipients 4.79 4.86 4.55


Total Education Tax Credits and Deductions in 2012 Dollars,

1998 to 2011 (and Average Tax Savings per Recipient)



Averages hide the realities for many students.


Distribution of Full-Time Undergraduates at Four-Year Institutions by Published Tuition and Fees, 2013-14



Net Tuition and Fees, Net Room and Board and Other Costs, and Total Grant Aid in 2011 Dollars by Family

Income, Full-Time Dependent Students at Public Four-Year Institutions,

1999-2000, 2003-04, 2007-08, and 2011-12


2011-12 Family Income Quartile

2011-12 Lowest 2nd 3rd Highest

Net TF $0 $2,105 $6,512 $8,071

Net RB & Other Costs

$11,755 $13,028 $13,250 $13,669

Grant Aid $9,835 $6,667 $2,967 $2,576

Total COA $21,590 $21,800 $22,729 $24,316


Average 2013-14 In-State Tuition and Fees at Public Institutions,

by State, and Five-Year Percentage Changes in Inflation-Adjusted Tuition and Fees, 2008-09 to 2013-14



State Grant Aid per Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Undergraduate Student in 2012 Dollars, 2011-12



Percentage of Undergraduate State Grant Aid for Which Students’ Financial Circumstances Were Considered, by

State, 2011-12

SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013, Figure 17B.


State Funding


State Appropriations for Higher Education: Total Appropriations in 2012 Dollars (in Billions),

Appropriations per Public FTE Student in 2012 Dollars (in Thousands), and

Public FTE Enrollment (in Millions), 1982-83 to 2012-13

SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2013, Figure 14B.

2002-03 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 DecadeAppropriations per FTE $8,764 $7,742 $7,488 $6,690 $6,646 -24%

Appropriations (Billions) $79.4 $83.2 $82.5 $73.2 $72.0 -9%


Net Tuition Revenues, Subsidies, and Education and Related Expenditures per Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Student in 2010 Dollars at Public Institutions (and

Percentage of Expenditures Covered by Net Tuition), 2000-01, 2005-06, and 2010-11

SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2013, Figure 17A.


State Appropriations for Higher Education per Full-Time Equivalent Student and per $1,000 in Personal Income,

by State, 2012-13

SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2013, Figure 15B.


Changes in Student Aid


Total Undergraduate Student Aid in 2012 Dollars (in Millions),


SOURCE: The College Board, trends.collegeboard.org, page 12.

1992-93 1997-98 2002-03 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12Preliminary

2012-13

Total Federal Grants

$13,462 $12,433 $19,482 $22,536 $25,842 $43,271 $50,840 $46,048 $45,228

Total Federal Loans

$15,643 $30,273 $37,243 $48,242 $60,358 $72,067 $74,674 $73,036 $67,791

Education Tax Benefits

─ $1,830 $5,750 $6,120 $9,290 $14,540 $16,700 $16,880 $16,880

State Grants $3,301 $4,738 $7,183 $8,629 $8,642 $9,364 $9,484 $9,383 $9,592

Institutional Grants

$10,270 $13,380 $17,240 $23,920 $25,090 $28,890 $31,810 $33,530 $34,890

TOTAL GRANTS $30,593 $34,281 $50,206 $62,894 $67,754 $90,065 $101,354 $98,591 $99,549


Need-Based and Non-Need-Based State Grants per Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Undergraduate Student in 2012

Dollars, 1971-72 to 2011-12



Distribution of Full-Time Undergraduate Students at Public and Private Nonprofit Four-Year Colleges and Universities by Tuition and Fee Level, Dependency

Status, and Family Income, 2007-08

SOURCE: The College Board, trends.collegeboard.org, page 30.


Student Debt


Growth of Federal and Nonfederal Loan Dollars in 2012 Dollars,


SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013, Figure 6.


Total Number of Undergraduate and Graduate Federal Subsidized and Unsubsidized Student Loan Borrowers

and Average Amount Borrowed in 2012 Dollars, 2002-03 to 2012-13



Distribution of Outstanding Education Debt Balances, 2012 Fourth Quarter



Average Total Debt Levels of Bachelor’s Degree Recipients,

Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities in 2012 Dollars,

1999-2000 to 2011-12



Average Total Debt Levels of Bachelor’s Degree Recipients, Private Nonprofit Four-Year Colleges and Universities in 2012 Dollars, 1999-2000 to 2011-12



Distribution of Outstanding Federal Direct Loan Dollars and Recipients by Repayment Plan, FY 2013



Where We Are

• College is expensive.• There are no magic bullets.• The investment pays off very well for most people.• We need:

• appropriately targeted student aid • adequate public funding• better guidance for students

• Works in progress: • institutional quality and efficiency • student aid reform


For more information, visit:

trends.collegeboard.org

Sandy Baum, [email protected]

Jennifer Ma, [email protected]

Kathleen Payea, [email protected]

The Starting Point

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