The Spread of Christianity

Chapter 10

Section 3

The Byzantine Church• The Roman Empire continued in the East

after the fall of Rome. This became know as the Byzantine Empire.

• This empire developed its own form of Christianity based on their own culture. This church is today known as the Eastern Orthodox Church.

The Church in Conflict

• The church in Rome and in Constantinople came into conflict over who was the head of the church.

• In the 700’s Rome was attacked and the Church in Constantinople refused to help. The king of the Franks, Charlemange, came to the rescue of the Pope. In recognition of this the Pope made Charlemange the emperor.

The Byzantine Church

• The Byzantine Emperor was believed to be Jesus Christ on Earth.

• He chose the Patriarch of the Church, the head of the Orthodox Church.

• The use of icons divided the church. An icon is a depiction of a holy person, including Jesus and Mary.

The Great Schism

• In 1054 A.D. the Pope, head of the Western Church, and the Patriarch, head of the Eastern Church excommunicated one another.

• Excommunication is the worst censure. It deprives the guilty Christian of all participation in the common blessings of church life.• This division still exists today.

The Early Christian Church

AD 1054

Primary Christian Denominations

16th Century Reformation divides the Church of Rome

Lutheran Churches 1520’s

Anglican Churches 1534

Congregational Churches c1567Society of Friends (Quakers) 1648

Methodist Churches 1730

Salvation Army 1865

Calvinist Reformed Churches 1536

Presbyterian Churches 1560

Baptist Churches 1609

Protestant Roman Catholic

Church of Constantinople Eastern Orthodox Church Cyprus 431, Russia 988 Greece 1850

Jacobite Church 578 Syria, Iraq, India

Nestorian Church 434 Iraq, Iran, South India

Coptic Church c350 Egypt, Ethopia

Armenian Church c350

Eastern Rite (Unite) Churches Eastern Church reunited with Rome Maronite c1182, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Ukraine 1596

Western Church Church of Rome

Eastern Church Church of Constantinople

The Spread of Christianity

Growth of Christianity in Eastern Europe

• Cyril and his brother, Methodius, took the religion to Eastern Europe.

• He created a new alphabet for the natives. This alphabet is based on Greek and is still in use today.

Christianity in Western Europe

• Christianity was important on the European continent, with growth slow in the British Isles.

• Around 400 B.C. and priest named Patrick established Christianity in Ireland.

Canterbury

King Ethlerod of Kent allowed Christians to build a Church in Canterbury. Which remains an important Christian center in England today.

The Middle East

Chapter 11

Sections 1-3

Daily Life

• Water is scarce and found mainly at oases.• Tribes were the main social order and were

headed by a sheikh.

• These tribes are primarily nomadic and are called Bedouins.

• Caravans were used to transport goods

• They traveled in caravans for support and protection.

Daily Life (cont’d.)

Makkah

• This is also known as Mecca.• It became the largest and richest stop along

the caravan routes.• It was an important religious site.• The Kabba is a small building which houses

a large stone, this stone was thought to be from heaven.

Islam

• It becomes a major religion when adopted in the region.

• Muhammad, the prophet, accepted Allah and brought the Quran. The teachings of Allah.

• These teachings were adopted and the followers became know as Muslims.

• The Quran teaches Muslims how they should live.

Islamic Empires

• The desire to spread the religion prompted the Muslims to build an empire.

• Kingdoms were established as far east as Indonesia and as far west as Timbuktu in West Africa.

• The Ottoman and Mughal Empires appear later in Asia Minor and India.

Spread of Islam

Later Empires• Ottomans were

found in Asia Minor around 1200. They captured most of the Byzantine Empire and by 1453 had captured the city of Constantinople. Suleiman I was the most famous of the Ottoman Sultans.

• Mughals were in India and appeared c.1500’s. Akbar was the most famous Mughal ruler. Shah Jahan was a very important Mughal ruler.

Muslim Contributions

• Created banking as a way of keeping track of trade.

• Cities were established to provide trade locations. These generally had mosques.

• The bazaar was another important aspect of Muslim towns. This was the marketplace. Goods from all parts of the world were found in these bazaars.

The Bazaars• This demand for goods

also encouraged new techniques, especially in farming.

• Nuts, grains, and fruits were very commonly found in the marketplaces.

• Flowers were grown for perfumes.

Muslim Society • Muslims could not enslave other Muslims so the

slave class came from prisoners of war. However most of them could buy their freedom.

• The position of women varied based on their local culture. Some women had close to equal rights while others were forced to cover their faces and wear long robes, called a burqa.

Muslim Achievements

• Muslims created early universities. They staffed them with people with differing viewpoints. They were instrumental in saving much classical work.

• They created Algebra, and credited with our numbering system, today called Arabic numerals.

More Achievements

• Created the Astrolabe used for navigation.• Worked with many metals,

discovering their properties. This is the basis of chemistry.

• One of the first people to understand blood flow in the body. As well as understanding communicable diseases.

• Islamic doctors created detailed anatomical charts.

• They also encouraged doctors to search for the causes of diseases not just treatment of them.

Muslim Medicine

Muslim Authors• Omar Khayyám is most

famous for The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. This is a long poem written in quatrains. He is also well known as an astronomer and a mathematician.

• Ibn Khaldun was a great historian who is credited with modernizing historical study. He is most famous for his theory of the rise and fall of civilizations.

The 1001 Arabian Nights

• One of the most famous works to come from this period is the Arabian Nights.

• Tells the stories of Sinbad the Sailor, Ali Baba and Aladdin.

Architecture

• Mosques have minarets. This is a structure that a crier climbs to top of. From there he calls the Muslims to prayer.

Alhambra Palace in Spain