THE SPREAD OF CHINESE CIVILIZATION: JAPAN, KOREA, AND VIETNAMChapter ThirteenAP World HistoryMs. Tully

Japan’s Imperial Age• 5th C: Yamato clan

emerged as emperors• 6th-7th C: Increasing

influence of Chinese culture

• Taika, Nara, and Heian periods (7th – 9th C) Sinification

• 645 CE: Taika Reforms• Growing power of

Buddhist establishment

Heian Period• 794: Capital moved from Nara to Heian (Kyoto)• Chinese influence declined• Taika reforms abandoned power of aristocracy

increases • Ultracivilized court culture• Literary Golden Age Lady Murasaki’s Tale of Genji• Growing isolation of court Rising power of regional lords• Aristocratic families & regional lords create “mini-states”

Creation of Feudal Japan• Decline of imperial power in 11th & 12th C

• Rise of regional lords Bushi

• Samurai armed military troops of bushi

• Emergence of warrior class; Code of Bushido

• Serfs (peasants) lose status and freedom

Decline of Imperial Power and the Creation of Shogunate

• Imperial decline Rise of Taira, Minamoto families

• 1180-1185: Gempei Wars Minamoto win

• Minamoto establish Bakufu Shogunate

• Hojo family soon dominate Kamakura shogunate

Chaos Continues• Ashikaga Shogunate (1336-1573) collapse of

centralized authority• Civil wars & conflict undermined power of emperor and

shogunate • 1467-1477: Full scale civil war 300 small kingdoms

ruled by daimyos• Bushido era declines 15th & 16th C Era of Barbarism• Warfare becomes more brutal peasant armies

Culture Among Chaos• Economic & cultural growth• Tax collection; irrigation systems; incentives for cultivation• Growth of merchant class & guilds• Merchant women had more independence could

conduct business, sell crafts• Status of elite women declined• Zen Buddhism Artistic/architectural inspiration

Japanese Feudalism

Feudal Europe vs. Feudal Japan

Similar

• Political Structure• Social Structure• Code of Honor

Different

• Europe: simply land-for-loyalty exchange

• Japan: based on group/family identity and loyalty

Korea• 109 BCE Choson kingdom• 3 kingdoms: Koguryo, Paekche, Silla

• Sinification Process• 668: Tang Dynasty conquers Korea; now a tribute state

• 918-1392: Koryo dynasty• Limited civilization• 1392: Yi dynasty founded, lasts until 1910

Vietnam• Stronger sense of self-identity• Culturally different from Chinese• Originally conquered by Han dynasty introduced some

Sinification Later also conquered by Tang• Culture of anti-Chinese resistance develops • 939: Independence from China• Rivalries in native Vietnamese ruling families Nguyen

vs. Trinh