The Spanish Era
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Transcript of The Spanish Era
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THE SPANISH ERA
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PRELUDE TO THE VOYAGES OF “DISCOVERY”
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TRADE ROUTES
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AGE OF EXPLORATION (1492-1682)
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Treaty of Tordesillas
1493
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Magellan Expedition (1519-1521)
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Sequels of Magellan Expedition
Juan Sebastian Elcano1525 Ruy Lopez de Vollalobos
1547
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi1565
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Legazpi Expedition (1565)
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Fort San Pedro, Cebu City
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June 24, 1571
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Remains in San Agustin Church
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Institutional Impact in the Philippines
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Centralized and Hierarchical set-up composed of a national government and local government that administered in towns, provinces, municipalities and chartered cities.
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Residencia and Visitador
Royal Audencia
Viceroy in Nueva Espana
(1515-1821)
Real y Supremo Consejo de las
Indias
Ministerio d e Ultramar
(1863)
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FRAILOCRACY
A unique type of government in the Philippines during last phase of Spanish era ruled by the friars
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Frailocracy
Reduccion Policies
Attitude
Syncretism
Mass Baptism
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Economic Institution
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BUWIS or Tribute which could be paid in kind or in cash, initially was fixed at 8 reales (1 real=12.5 centavos) and later increased to 15 reales
15 reale
s
10 reales (buwis)
1 real(diezmos prediales)
1 real (town
community chest) 1 real
(sanctorum tax)
3 reales(church support)
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Bandala (Tagalog word mandala, round stack of rice stalks to be treshed) as an annual enforced sale and requisitioning of goods such as rice.
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Polo y servicios (Forced Labor) evolved within the framework of encomienda system, for 40 days of men ranging 16 to 60 years old to give personal services to community projects. Falla (falta, absence) a daily fine of 1 and ½ real) to be exempted.
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Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade Route
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Royal Economic Society of Friends of the CountryEstablished by Jose Basco y Vargas composed of leading men in business, industry and
profession.
1. Creation of Plan General Economico of Basco which implemented the monopolies on the areca nut, tobacco, spirited liquors and explosives.
2. Offered local and foreign scholarships and training grants in agriculture and established an academy of design.
3. Credited to the carabao ban of 1782, formation of the silversmiths and gold beaters guild and the construction of the first papermill in the Philippines in 1825.
4. It was introduced on 1780, vanished temporarily on 1787-1819, 1821-1822, and 1875-1822 and ceased to exist in the middles of 1890s.
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Royal Company of the Philippines
Created by King Charles III on March 10, 1785
It granted exclusive monopoly of bringing to Manila, Phil. Chinese good and Indian goods and shipping them directly to Spain via the Cape of Good Hope
It was stiffly objected by the Dutch and English who saw it as a direct attack on their trade of Asian goods.
It was also vehemently opposed by the traders of the Galleon trade who saw it as competition. This gradually resulted into death of both institutions: 1814 for Royal Philippine Company and 1815 the Galleon Trade.
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Educational Institution
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Social Transformation
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Hispanization