If Spain arrived in the New World first, why did England prosper and end up controlling North America?Spain England

Spain and England:New World ColonizationEssential Questions:1.Why did European nations colonize the New World?2.How can you characterize Spanish colonization?3.How can you characterize English colonization?4.Why did England prosper and colonize North America and not Spain?

Motives of Colonization• European nations had ships

and naval technology that allowed them to explore▫ Spain was the first to have

these tools, ability, and desire to colonize

• European population was rising

• Other nations were exploring the seas and the New World

• Nations wanted gold and land

• Nations Develop▫ The new monarchs of

Europe acquired wealth and power

Spain Arrives• Spanish explorers set off for

the New World after Columbus ▫ Known as conquistadors

• Cortes and the Aztec▫ Set off to conquer the Aztecs▫ Cortes was welcomed▫ The Aztecs were soon forced

to mine for gold ▫ A rebellion erupted and

Cortes was forced out of the city

▫ The Aztecs fell ill to diseases▫ He returned to sack and

burned Tenochtitlan

• Cortes began to build New Spain

^ Really

Spain: Conquest & Colonization• Spain lived and intermarried

with people they conquered▫ Created a large mestizo, or

mixed Spanish and native population

▫ Oppressed the native people

• Encomienda ▫ A system in which natives

farmed, ranched, and mined for Spanish landlords

▫ Demands by priests ended the encomienda practice

▫ Instead landlords looked to African slave labor

How Did Colonization Happen?• Characteristics of Colonization

▫ Spain = Kings and Queens▫ English = Charter & Joint Stock

Companies

• Charter companies and joint stock companies play a role in colonization

• Joint Stock Company▫ Type of corporation or

partnership▫ Certificates of ownership (or

stocks) are issued by the company in return for each contribution

▫ Allowed many investors to pool their wealth in support of a colony

Why England and not Spain?• Spain conquered and controlled all

aspects of their life

• England Joint Stock Companies▫ Less royal control▫ Allowed innovation and initiative▫ Degree of self-government

• England settled along the Atlantic coast▫ No Aztecs to conquer or worry

about▫ Inter-connected network of rivers

Allowed for communication

• Fewer Native American tribes meant the English had to establish their own:▫ Economies ▫ Farms▫ Cities▫ Trade networks