THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR "The war of the United States with Spain

was very brief. Its results were many, startling, and of world-wide meaning."

Henry Cabot Lodge

CUBA

•Discovered by Columbus (1493)

•“Pearl” of Sp. Empire (Sugar)

U.S. and Cuba: Economic Relations

• 1894: 90% of Cuba’s exports go to U.S.

• Raw sugar sold to U.S. refiners

• 90 miles from FL keys

Maximo Gomez

•Upset about Spanish taxes and slavery

•Organized Ten Years’ War (1868-78)

•Military leader of Cuban Revolution (1895) inspired by Marti

Cover illustration by

W. A. Rogers

Harper's Weekly

(April 30, 1898)

Cause of Cuba is one of

ALL Cubans…

“Cuba Libre”

In response to 1895 Cuban Revolution, General Weyler arrives…

•Spanish governor in Cuba

•Begins “reconcentration” policy

•MEAN guy!

•Discovered by Magellan (1521)

•Major exports: Sugar, hemp, &

tobacco

Emilio Aguinaldo

•Becomes leader of Katipunan (1897)

•Spain preoccupied w/ Cuba

•Agrees to be exiled to Hong Kong in return for $

•Returns in 1898 to help U.S. fight Spain

World’s Columbian Exposition

Opened May 1, 1893

Frederick Jackson Turner

• Historian and speaker at the fair

• Frontier has closed (the West)

• Need to open a new frontier (overseas)

“War should never beentered upon until every agency of peace has failed.”President William McKinley

“I should welcome almost any war for I think this country needs one.”

Theodore Roosevelt

William Randolph

Hearst

•Editor of New York Journal•Competed w/ Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World•“Yellow Journalism”•Hearst hires Outcault (cartoonist) from Pulitzer

Evangelina

Cisneros

Cuba portrayed as a

“damsel in distress”

Battleship MaineJanuary 24, 1898

Battleship Maine

February 15, 1898

Explosion of Maine

• 266 American sailors killed

• Blamed Spanish: “Remember the Maine—the hell w/ Spain!”

• Hearst’s NY Journal offers $50,000 reward

• President McKinley still avoids war

• Most likely was an accident…

Teller AmendmentApril 1898

“United States disclaims any intention to exercise control over Cuba, except for

pacification, and asserts when that is accomplished, to leave the island to its

people.”

Demands Spanish forces to w/draw from Cuba…

Mobilization of

U.S. Navy

•Assistant Secretary of Navy Theodore Roosevelt

•Commodore Dewey (Asiatic Squadron)

•April 22, 1898: Blockade of Havana led by Admiral Sampson

April 25, 1898

•Lafayette College (PA)

•Cornell University (NY)

•U.S.=28,000 men

•Spain=150,000 men in Cuba

Mobilization of U.S. Army

Manila Bay

May 1, 1898

•Dewey’s Asiatic Squadron defeats Sp.

•Aguinaldo returns to Manila to help U.S.

First U.S. troops land in Cuba…

Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders charge up

San Juan Hill on July 1, 1898.

U.S. Victory at Santiago Bay

July 17, 1898

Meanwhile in the Philippines...

• U.S. troops arrive in July (2 months after Dewey’s victory at Manila Bay)

• Spanish running low on food and water

Spain finally surrenders

in August 1898

Yellow fever strikes U.S. soldiers during peace negotiations…2,000 die

Treaty of Paris

Signed on December 10, 1898

•Spain gives up the Philippines, Cuba, Guam, and Puerto Rico

•U.S. gives $20 million for the Philippines

Ratification of TreatyFebruary 6, 1899

• AGAINST: Senators Hoar and Vest (morally wrong)

• FOR: Senator Nelson and Henry Cabot Lodge (duty/obligation to civilize and become world power)

• Anti-Imperialist League

“Uncle Sam Wishes to Add Another Star to His Flag”

American Monthly Review ofReviews

(July 1898)

Aftermath of War: Cuba

President McKinley passes Platt Amendment

1. Cuba made U.S. protectorate

2. U.S. can intervene in Cuba’s affairs

3. U.S. can establish naval base at Guantanamo Bay

Andrew Carnegie

•Industrialist

•Member of Anti-Imperialist League

•Offers to pay $20 million to give the Philippines its independence

Philippine Revolution• Only language allowed was

English, anything anti-American was made illegal, Philippine flag was banned

• Filipinos refuse to recognize this government

• Brutal guerilla warfare ensues from 1899-1902

• 4,200 U.S. soldiers, 20,000 Filipino soldiers, 200,000 Filipino civilians dead

William Taft

•Aguinaldo captured in 1901

•Appointed governor of the Philippines

President McKinley assassinated

Teddy Roosevelt becomes President

September 1901

Flag of Cuba

Flag of the Philippines

Mast of the USS MaineArlington National

Cemetery

The End