The Southern California Coastal Current Observing...

The Southern California Coastal Current Observing System

A proposal submitted to the California Coastal Conservancy by theSouthern California Coastal Ocean Observing System

(SCCOOS)

The Southern California Coastal Current Observing System 1

PROJECT SUMMARY

The Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System (SCCOOS) is a consortium that extendsfrom Northern Baja California in Mexico to Morro Bay at the southern edge of central California,and aims to streamline, coordinate, and further develop individual institutional efforts by creating anintegrated, multidisciplinary coastal observatory in the Bight of Southern California for the benefitof society. By leveraging existing infrastructure, partnerships, and private, local, state, and federalresources, SCCOOS plans to develop an operational coastal observing system to address issues incoastal water quality, marine life resources, and coastal hazards for end user communities spanninglocal, state and federal governments and the public. This system will provide water-quality andnatural-resource managers, scientists, and policy makers with the scientific basis for evaluating theeffectiveness of management strategies and designing new approaches, and would also serve as arisk management and early warning tool.

This proposal to the California State Coastal Conservancy (SCC) represents a description andimplementation plan for the Coastal Ocean Currents Monitoring Program (COCMP) in SouthernCalifornia. It has been designed to provide ocean current monitoring infrastructure for the regionon a variety of space and time scales in a manner that is best suited for the broad range of regionaland statewide needs. Data and information products will be made available in real-time wherepossible, and integrated with monitoring data obtained by other data providers. This proposalincludes an internal program management structure that will allow efficient design, installation, andoperation of a COCMP in Southern California. SCCOOS anticipates that the SCC will assemble amanagement panel on a regular basis to provide external review and guidance of the delivery ofproducts that are requested in the COCMP RFP. The functional tasks of internal and externalprogram management should be considered separately from the evolving governance structure ofthe broader SCCOOS Regional Association. NOAA will, starting June 1, 2004, fund SCCOOS forthree years to develop a flexible organization structure and outreach program that will allowregional needs to be met by the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) and the SCCOOSRegional Association. The COCMP will be one element of SCCOOS that serves user needs, buildscapacity, attracts federal funding, and begins building a comprehensive observing system for boththe region and State. (SCCOOS is coordinating with colleagues in Northern California to ensure aunified statewide system, including forming the Federation of California Regional ObservingSystems – see http://www.sccoos.ucsd.edu/docs/SCCOOSMOU04.pdf). In comparison to theeventual California ocean observing system we are working toward, this COCMP effort can berelatively simple because it focuses on ocean currents and, therefore, a narrower range of productsand societal benefits than a complete observing system.

The proposed system includes surface current mapping by HF radar; high resolution drifters;autonomous underwater vehicles; fixed current measurements from moorings in Santa Monica Bayas well as integration of data from nearly a dozen moorings maintained by local agencies includingthe Orange County Sanitation District and LA County; surf zone current measurements andmodeling; a Regional Ocean Modeling System using data assimilation to produce robust nowcastsand forecasts of physical and biological ocean properties; acquisition, storage, and distribution ofremote sensing data products including ocean color, sea surface temperature, and scatterometry forwind field measurements; and an Information Technology infrastructure, with wireless networkingwhere needed, to meet the requirements of the recent Ocean.US DMAC (Data Management andCommunications) recommendations. .


Table of Contents page #1. Introduction 32. System Elements 4

HF Radar 4Nearshore 7Subsurface 7Satellite Observations 9Ocean Modeling 10

3. System Integration 11Sustained Operations 11Data Management and Communications 11Interoperability 13Federally sponsored observing system initiatives 13

4. Product Development, Outreach and Benefits to State Management Priorities 144.1 Basic Physical Descriptions 14

Surface Currents 14Subsurface Currents 14Surfzone and Nearshore Currents 14Subsurface Water Properties 14Sea Level 14Satellite Observations 15Surface Meteorology 15

4.2 Potential Applications for COCMP Product 15Water Quality 15Oil Spill Response & Search and Rescue 16Marine Resources and Marine Protected Areas 16Coastal Erosion 16Vessel Traffic Aids 16

4.3 Outreach and Product Applications 165. Internal Program Management 176. Program Schedule 187. Development of Operational Funding 188. Cost Sharing 199. References Cited 2010. Biographical Sketches 2111. Budget Summaries, Institutional Budgets and Justifications 6012. Supplementary Documentary 120


1. INTRODUCTION

In recent years, California has made great strides in mitigating environmental threats to waterquality. The implementation of strict water quality regulations and the development of rapid indicatorscontinue to yield health and economic benefits to our valuable coastal ecosystems and the populations theysupport. However, further progress is hampered by a lack of understanding of fundamental nearshoreprocesses and a lack of environmental information that would enable us to forecast, analyze, and respond towater quality problems. The scarcity of observations on coastal ecosystems of sufficient duration, spatialextent, and resolution, and the lack of real-time data telemetry, assimilation, and analysis are majorimpediments to the documentation of contamination patterns and the development of a predictiveunderstanding of environmental variability and change in California’s coastal waters.

The problem and potential risks are especially acute in Southern California where 20 million peoplelive within fifty miles of the coast. This area has a higher population density and higher economicproductivity than any other coastal region in the country. Clean beaches and coastal waters are central to boththe economy and lifestyle of Southern California. Beach usage in California is higher than in the other 49states combined. California attracts 175 million people annually who spend $1.5 billion on tourism-relatedactivities. The beaches of Southern California are the most popular, yet the region experiences more beachclosures than any other along the western coastline of North America. With present knowledge andinformation, it is difficult to assess how non-local sources of marine pollution may contribute to beachcontamination problems, resulting in stalled mitigation and abatement efforts. Real-time informationdelivered to scientists, agencies, and the public will enhance our ability to respond to beach water qualityissues and minimize the potential for human exposure.

Pollutant inputs to coastal waters by dry and wet weather, point sources and non-point source runoff,all represent major water quality concerns in both urban and agricultural areas. The State Water QualityControl Board intends to regulate these discharges through the establishment of Total Maximum Daily Loads(TMDLs). Development of meaningful TMDLs and consequent compliance monitoring requires the bestpossible information on water movements and water quality variability in the coastal zone.

Beach replenishment projects in Southern California are often stalled by inadequate knowledge ofwhere dredge spill will be transported and how the fine sediments might impact coastal ecology. Newenvironmental monitoring efforts, including currents and their variability, are needed to assist in evaluatingproposed Marine Protected Areas and wetlands restoration efforts. Additional information is also required tosupport regional coastal management by improving our predictive capabilities and assessments of theimpacts of increasing urbanization and climate change.

Southern California coastal counties lead the State in toxic spills. California’s Office of SpillPrevention and Response (OSPR) reports that of 2,262 spill statewide in 2002, about 1,000 occurred in fourSouthern California coastal counties (Santa Barbara, Orange, Los Angeles, and San Diego). Coastalobservations are needed to handle multiple daily spills, both predicting areas of impact and deducing thesource of discovered spills. Increasing energy use places the Southern California Bight at higher risk foroffshore oil spills. Of particular concern in the Southern California Bight is lightering between Very LargeCrude Carriers and smaller shuttle tankers and the potential siting of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) terminalsadjacent to the U.S. Border in Rosarito Beach, MX, and the Long Beach region. Enhanced environmentalmonitoring will also be required for the coastal zone as a result of planned developments for desalinizationplants with brine discharges into the ocean. Understanding the transport and fate of the brine will be the firststep in creating monitoring programs to understand the ecological impacts of these facilities.

Search and rescue operations are frequent in Southern California as a result of high levels ofcommercial and recreational boating, the growth of cruise liners, and the numerous coastline airports that useover-water approaches. Operational real-time wind and near-surface current fields used to predict motion atsea directly address both ocean-spill and search-and-rescue-response goals.

A Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System, based on new sensor and informationtechnologies that integrate observations, data management, and modeling, will provide managers, scientists,and policy makers with a solid scientific basis for evaluating the effectiveness of present managementstrategies and for designing new approaches. The ability of data and information from this system to be


accessed in real-time will enable risk management and early warning tools, support scientific discovery andthe development of next generation sensors, and provide a tool for broad-based science education. COCMP-funded current monitoring infrastructure will provide the underpinnings for this system.

2. SYSTEM ELEMENTS

The SCCOOS proposal for COCMP implements a strategy for synthesizing a broad suite of systemcomponents that monitor the ocean on a range of space and time scales. Central to integrating thesecomponents is a dynamical ocean model that is initialized and constrained in near real-time by the differentobservational data sets. The model provides consistency in synthesizing observations from manytechnologies across space or time domains. We have budgeted to operate all system elements over a 3-yearperiod of performance due to budgetary constraints.

Technical definitions:ADV – Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter – ocean sensor that measures time series of ocean velocity at a point.AUV – Autonomous Underwater Vehicle – a small, propeller-driven platform for underwater observations that canoperate at speeds of a few knots for durations up to 1 day.ADCP – Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler – uses underwater sound to measure vertical profiles of horizontal currents.Glider – An autonomous underwater sensor platform that propels itself forward while ascending/descending – operatesat 0.5 knot for several months.HF Radar – High Frequency radar – often referred to as CODAR (Coastal Ocean Dynamics Application Radar). Useshigh-frequency radio to measure time series of spatial maps of ocean surface currents.ROMS – Regional Ocean Modeling System – a dynamical model of ocean physics and biology that is initialized andconstrained with observational data to provide dynamically consistent syntheses and predictions capability.SCCCOS – The Southern California Coastal Current Observing System, this proposal.

HF Radar – Creates time series of ocean surface current maps.HF radars measure the speed of ocean waves, which is the sum of the wave propagation and the

surface currents on which they are riding. Radio waves, tuned to a specific length of ocean wave, aretransmitted from shore, scatter off the ocean surface, and are subsequently received on shore with adirectional antenna. Appropriate Doppler signal processing determines surface currents at a large number ofdiscrete locations (range cells) along straight lines radiating from the transmit/receive antenna. By observingthe same patch of water using radars located at two or more different viewing angles, the surface currentvelocity vector can be determined. Details of the principles behind HF radar based measurement of oceancurrents can be found at: http://www.sdcoos.ucsd.edu/technology/operation.cfm.

In general, HF radars can be classified into 2 groups:

a) short range systems operating at 13 or 25 MHz with resolutions of 0.5-1.5 km and ranges of 30-40 km

b) long range systems operating at 4-5 MHz with resolutions of 6-10 km and ranges of 150-180 km

HF radars are implemented using a number of different technical approaches. One of the more commoncommercially available approaches is the SeasondeTM manufactured by Codar Ocean Sensors, Palo Alto,California. Unique to the SeasondeTM is the use of a compact antenna design that allows the system to have asmall footprint when deployed on the coast, an attractive feature for developed coastlines.

The design of HF radar arrays depends on the following considerations:

1. Length of coastline that is to be monitored.2. Resources available to implement the monitoring system.3. Range resolution and offshore extent of desired surface current monitoring.4. Unit costs are similar for the installation and operation of long- and short-range systems.

Using these factors, array design is governed by how much coastline is to be monitored, the spatial resolutionneeded by users, and the total resources available.


Guided by management requirements for observations at the highest resolution, a population densitydistributed throughout coastal Southern California, and shifts in management approaches that now recognizethe need for regional monitoring plans, the SCCOOS implementation plan employs high-resolution, short-range systems. This array provides seamless coverage from the U.S – Mexico border to Morro Bay and isconsistent with the 24 nautical mile region of interest defined in the COCMP RFP and State managementjurisdictions for coastal waters that extend 3 miles seaward of the coastline. The coverage realized by thisapproach, and the sub-region responsibilities of SCCOOS consortium members, is shown in Figure 1. Aninteractive GIS developed for site planning is available at http://www.sdcoos.ucsd.edu/SoCal/index.cfm.

This array uses site spacing of 20-40 km along the coastline, and offshore sites on the ChannelIslands. Island sites are advantageous for nearshore monitoring since they provide the HF radar system with

an excellent geometry of crossing radial current measurements. The array leverages nine existing sitesfunded by the California Clean Beaches Initiative and the Mexican government in South Bay San Diego /northern Baja California (http://www.sdcoos.ucsd.edu/) and sites in the Santa Barbara region funded bythe federal Minerals Management Service and private foundations(http://www.icess.ucsb.edu/iog/codar.htm). SCCOOS will plan, install, calibrate, and operate 20 newsites in the region to monitor currents at a nominal spatial resolution of 1 km on an hourly basis. All datawill be available in real-time on a modern data grid. The technical challenges of providing connectivity tooffshore sites and providing autonomous power via solar and wind resources have already been solved bySCCOOS consortium members.

Figure 1. High Resolution HF radar array coverage for Southern California. Coverage illustrates operationalresponsibilities of SCCOOS consortium members.


While the SCCOOS design for HF radar focuses the State resources nearshore, in regions directlyrelated to agency-mandated needs, some allowance has been made to provide offshore, long-range coverage

Table 1. Operational responsibilities geographically distributed to SCCOOS consortium members in the region, and thenumber of technicians that will operate from those sites (per year) for the 3-year period of performance. ReferenceFigures 1 and 2 for the CODAR site locations. (Note: an asterisk indicates that the site is an existing site, or one that isfederally sponsored, that will be integrated into the proposed SCCOOS nested array.)

Responsible Institution Short Range Site # Long Range Site Number Tech FTE, yrs 1-3Cal Poly San Luis Obisbo 1, 2, 4 1,2 *LR sites proposed by

CenCOOS2,2,2 * techs areCenCOOS funded

U.C. Santa Barbara 6, 7, 8, 9*, 10*, 11*, 12*,13, 14, 15

3 2.5,3.5,3.5

University of Southern California 16, 17, 18, 19, 22 1.5,2,2

Scripps Institution of Oceanography 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26,27*, 28*, 29*

4,5*,6* 2.5,3.5,3.5

UABC/CICESE 30* n/c n/c

Units required to complete array 20 2

within COCMP. This approach leverages four sites that are not requested in the SCCOOS COCMPproposal: two sites to the north operated by CenCOOS under COCMP and two sites to the south that will beacquired by SCCOOS under NOAA funding. Two COCMP sponsored long range sites are proposed at Pt.Dume and the north end of San Clemente Island to provide statewide connectivity and some degree of

Figure 2. Coverage in Southern California as provided by long range HF radars. The two systems to the north areproposed to COCMP by CenCOOS, the systems in the middle (sites 3,4) are proposed in this proposal, and the twosystems to the south are supported by NOAA SCCOOS funding. See Appendix for full-page figure


monitoring capability within the Channel Islands, which are identified as potential sites for Marine ProtectedAreas. SCCOOS responsibilities for this component are identified in Table 1.

Nearshore – There are no available tools for operational monitoring of currents in the nearshore region,which is the zone of highest human contact with the ocean. Regional observations during COCMP will beused to improve nearshore circulation models that can eventually be extended to the entire coast.

The nearshore, defined to extend from the shoreline to approximately 2 km offshore (roughly 30-mwater depth), consists of the surfzone (within a few hundred meters of the shoreline) and the transition zone(seaward of the surfzone). The nearshore is the most heavily used part of the coastal ocean, and is also theregion where water quality is most seriously impacted by pollutants.

Although nearshore currents are critical to prediction of the fate and origin of point and non-pointpollutants, they cannot be observed continuously in time over large areas because they are inshore of HFRadar coverage. To improve prediction of nearshore currents, extensive in-situ observations spanningrelatively small regions and time periods will be used to validate and calibrate nearshore models that can beapplied continuously over larger areas. The sites selected for intensive observations have persistent, seriouswater quality problems so the resulting current maps will also be useful, site-specific near-real-time products.

Complementary observations of nearshore conditions will be made to measure all dynamicalelements of surfzone behavior. Currents will be measured with drifters, bottom-mounted surfzone sensors,and ADCPs mounted on moorings and on AUVs, and in the surfzone where bubbles affect ADCPs by single-point ADVs. Drifters describe spatial structure and provide trajectories of passive, near-surface pollutants.Velocities over the water column measured at a few locations by moored ADCPs will be complemented bythe spatially extensive observations of AUV-mounted ADCPs.

In year 1, instruments will be purchased and prepared. The first month-long deployment (year 2) atImperial Beach will complement an operational HF Radar and existing nearshore infrastructure. Thesurfzone component will include a cross-shore transect of 7 bottom-mounted pressure sensors and ADVsdeployed between the shoreline and about 6-m depth. The data will be cabled to shore. On 10-15 days duringeach month, approximately 15 surfzone drifters will be repeatedly released/retrieved/reseeded along a severalkm-long reach of beach. Bathymetry, which strongly affects nearshore currents, will be surveyed. Twotransition-region moorings will be deployed in 15~m water depth for a 3-month period centered on the 1-month deployment of the other instruments. Data will be telemetered to shore in real time. For five three-day stretches during the month, 16 (non-surfzone) drifters will be repeatedly deployed in a grid covering thefocus area. Surfzone and transition region drifter deployments will be coordinated. AUV surveys, usingCTDs and upward- and downward-looking ADCPs, will be obtained 12-hrs/day throughout the month. Thesurvey pattern will be designed to cover the focus area within three hours, to resolve adequately tidalmotions. The second month-long deployment (year 3), at Huntington Beach or within Santa Monica Bay,will include transition zone observations similar to Imperial Beach but no observations in the surfzone. Alldata will be provided to SCCOOS data management for distribution on the web.

A simplified surf zone model, driven by customized California Data Information Program(http://cdip.ucsd.edu) wave field forecasts, will be implemented for the Southern California Bight as part ofthe NOAA/SCCOOS pilot program. Forecasts of the magnitude of alongshore-directed surfzone currents willbe generated at 200 m alongshore spacing and provided both in real time and through an online accessiblearchive. At the Imperial Beach and Santa Monica Bay measurement sites, the alongshore-current model willbe extended to span from the shoreline to 2 km offshore, and will utilize fine-scale local bathymetry, ROMSgenerated pressure fields, and wind fields.

Subsurface – Because ocean dynamics depend on subsurface processes outside the nearshore region,subsurface observations are needed to constrain the ROMS model. Subsurface information is alsonecessary for understanding marine life resources and climatic changes in the Bight.

Because both surface forcing and subsurface dynamics cause surface currents, subsurfaceobservations are necessary to our strategy of using a dynamical model to synthesize SCCCOS observations.Furthermore, many water quality and marine resource issues depend on knowing subsurface conditions.Consequently, SCCCOS includes sustained observations to:

Figure 3. Array ofsubsurface observations.

Green shows glider lines andmoorings in NOAA-supportedarray.

Blue lines are bi-weeklySCCCOS Underway CTDsections.

Blue triangle is Santa MonicaBay oceanographic andmeteorological mooring.

Red and Magenta lines areSCCCOS glider trackscompleted every 10-12 days.


along paths like those shown in Fig. 3 that extend about 40 km offshore between Santa Monica Bay and theMexican border. Profiles will be taken to 500 m depth (or the bottom). Operations will be made ascontinuous as possible by borrowing gliders from SIO’s glider inventory for turn-arounds. Sections oftemperature and velocity will be available to ROMS and the SCCOOS website within an hour while salinityand density may be delayed until manual quality control can be applied during normal working hours.Examples of the type of data to be generated are shown in Figure 4.

Santa Monica Bay Mooring (33.931oN, 118.752oW). A mooring will be located (blue triangle Figure 3) inthe northwest corner of Santa Monica Bay in 450 m deep water about 7 miles offshore at a site where UCLAmaintained a mooring from June 2001 to August 2003. The new mooring will be configured with a verynear-surface ADV, a down-looking ADCP, and temperature and conductivity sensors throughout the watercolumn. Meteorological measurements will be made with a conventional station mounted on the buoy. Allmeasurements will be telemetered to shore stations in real-time.

All measurements support determining surface currents either directly (the near-surface currentmeter) or indirectly by through model initialization, assimilation, and validation. Under separate funding, themooring will also have instruments to measure various water quality properties, including hyperspectralradiometers and absorption-attenuation meters, important for Harmful Algal Bloom species identificationand specific water quality signatures, spectral fluorometers to quantify hydrocarbon and colored dissolvedorganic matter (CDOM) levels, and spectral backscattering for measurement of turbidity and particle type,size distribution, and concentration. Nutrients and oxygen demand will be quantified using in situ opticallybased nutrient sensors and dissolved oxygen (DO) sensors.

Underway CTDs. Underway CTDs are new instruments developed at SIO that provide vertical profiles oftemperature, salinity, and density to depths of 400 m from ships moving at up to 20 knots. Underway CTDswill be deployed every two weeks along two ferry routes between the mainland and islands: 1) San Pedro toAvalon on Catalina Island; 2) Ventura Harbor to Santa Cruz Island (see Fig. 3). Five to seven verticalprofiles of water properties will be obtained along each route every 2 weeks. Data will be quality checkedafter each transect and forwarded to the SCCCOS system within a day.

Satellite Observations – Will provide indication and location of water-borne constituents.Satellite observations will provide improved predictive capabilities for identifying and tracking

pollutant, contaminant, and toxin-containing coastal hazards (i.e., stormwater & wastewater plumes, oilseepage & spills, and harmful algal blooms). Multi-sensor remote sensing data will enable direct and/orindirect characterization of the surface signatures of these hazards, identify how they are affected andinitiated by varying environmental conditions and initial source composition, and assess their transport viasurface currents (e.g., DiGiacomo et al., 2004).

Feature detection, classification and tracking algorithms will be developed and applied to a numberof coincident and complementary remotely sensed data sets to identify and characterize, in near-real time, the

Figure 4. Glider measured depth-averaged currents (left)and ocean density (right) along a survey track.


location and transport of pollutant-, contaminant-, and toxin-containing coastal hazards, including the impactfrom variable physical forcing.

Data sets derived from satellite ocean color sensors (including NASA’s MODIS sensor and theIndian Space Agency’s OCM sensor) will be utilized in this task. These data, collected several times a day(cloud permitting) at a ground resolution between 250 m and 1000 m, provide optical signatures that can beused to discriminate high particulate loadings associated with stormwater and wastewater plumes, as well asto characterize toxic bloom dynamics (e.g., Pseudo-nitzschia blooms and domoic acid production).Algorithms will be developed using standard feature detection and classification methodologies. Trainingsets will be extracted from historical data sets, and from these statistical models constructed to separatelydescribe each type of hazard. The statistical models will then be used as input to a standard classifier, such asthe k-nearest neighbor or maximum likelihood classifier, to automatically detect and classify hazards in near-real-time data. Tracking algorithms will also be developed to map the development of the features, therebyenabling the monitoring and potential prediction of the transport of these coastal hazards.

In addition, empirical relationships will be established between these ocean color fields and key insitu environmental parameters (i.e., toxicity and bacteria levels) as monitored as part of the Bight ’03 WaterQuality Project (which will continue into late 2004) and ongoing agency monitoring. The satellite oceancolor data will be coupled with satellite sea-surface temperature fields to further feature tracking capabilities,as well as with satellite wind fields (QuikSCAT) and HF radar-derived current fields for determination oftheir forcing and transport. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) surface roughness fields will be used to developdemonstration capabilities and products for oil spills and seepage as well as stormwater and wastewaterplumes, but will not be utilized operationally because of the tremendous costs of acquiring real-time SARdata; these data can potentially be acquired on an emergency basis by the state, however, should the needarise. Derived risk assessment products from non-SAR satellites will be generated in real-time, integratedwith the current monitoring data, and provided to the public using the internet.

Modeling – Used to combine and synthesize all COCMP observations by filling data gaps in time andspace and to provide a forecasting capability

While some user products can be developed directly from observations, in most cases the neededinformation is best determined by combining data from several data sources. To minimize the impact ofobservational errors and noise and to fill data voids, we will combine all available data with robustdynamical constraints inside a dynamical model. The data-assimilating model is based on the RegionalOcean Modeling System (ROMS) developed at UCLA. ROMS solves the primitive equations in an Earth-centered Cartesian coordinate system. ROMS is discretized on a coastline- and terrain-following structuredgrid, so local refinement can be performed via nested grids (i.e., high-resolution local models embedded inlarger-scale coarse-grid models). The interactions between the two components are twofold: the lateralboundary conditions for the fine grid are supplied by the coarse-grid solution, while the latter is updated fromthe fine grid solution in the area covered by both grids (Blayo and Debreu, 1999). Long-term simulationshave been made to obtain the equilibrium solution. The embedded solution is smooth at the nested domainboundary and runs at a CPU cost only slightly greater than for the inner region alone.

Building on our recent success with a 3-level nested ROMS grid with spatial resolutions of 15-km, 5-km, and 1.5-km in the Monterey Bay, we have demonstrated a 4-level nested grid centered around the SantaMonica and San Pedro Bays with spatial resolutions of 21-km, 6.6-km, 2.2-km, and 0.75-km, respectively.Preliminary results from this 4-level nested ROMS with coupled physics and biology are very encouraging.In addition to the coastal upwelling and the associated variability, we have documented a number ofmesoscale and sub-mesoscale eddies including their generation, propagation and interactions with coastaland island topography. With a capability of coupling physics with biology, we have found a significantincrease in the biological production (reflected in surface chlorophyll concentration) in the center of thesecyclonic eddies.

A unique feature of the ROMS data assimilation method (based on the three-dimensional variationalmethod) is that it can propagate observational information, which is often sporadically and irregularlydistributed, in both space and time. Assimilating HF radar measurements, while challenging and not yetproven within the modeling community, should help to constrain the model when coupled with the other sub-


surface measurements planned. The data assimilation system planned for the operational program will allowinformation to be spread to data-void areas, and extrapolate the surface information to depths.

We plan to run the proposed ROMS configuration within about six hours of real-time. The proposedROMS has capabilities of assimilating both in situ (e.g., gliders, ship CTDs, moorings, AUVs) and remotesensing (including satellite and HF radar) observations and coupling physics with biology. All the modelresults can be accessed through a web site with analysis and visualization capabilities.

The success of any data assimilation system depends to a large degree on the quality of theunderlying prognostic model, which represents the physics of water motion in the complex ocean surfacelayer. In addition to the traditional in situ and satellite observations, we will systematically evaluate ROMSthrough validations against the HF radar data. This evaluation will provide guidance to our ongoing modeldevelopment work and experiment design. We will carry out a number of model sensitivity experimentsexploring issues of resolution, the role of side boundary conditions, and surface forcing formulations. Wealso plan to rectify model biases that are revealed, and incorporate improved forcing, numerics andparameterizations as they become available. While experimental in nature, outcomes of these efforts willimprove the fidelity of the operational model and will be transitioned as appropriate.

The effectiveness of HF radar data assimilation depends upon the construction of covariancefunctions for the surface current. Realistic covariances need to accurately represent the scales and structuresof the observed HF radar currents. In the proposed project, we will use both observed currents and high-resolution ROMS simulations to estimate covariance functions and orthogonal functional representations(basis functions) that factor the covariances. These will be used both for the basic surface current product incollaboration with the HF radar group and for the assimilation of HF radar data in ROMS.

Winds that are accurate even near complex coastal topography are essential both to force ROMS andto provide wind data for operational uses such as search and rescue and spill tracking. UCLA will producehigh-resolution (~3 km) winds for the Southern California Bight region by initializing a mesoscale modelwith products downscaled from a coarser resolution atmospheric model. Initially, the high-resolution modelwill be PSU/NCAR mesoscale model (MM5) already in use at UCLA. Within a year we will transition to theWeather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, a more advanced mesoscale atmospheric model beingdeveloped at NCAR. We will downscale two independent coarse resolution atmospheric products: (1) the 9km resolution COAMPS data, and (2) the 40 km resolution eta model data from NCEP. We will also blendthe model winds with the QuikSCAT measurements using the technique of Chao et al (2003), providing athird wind product to add to the ensemble. Atmospheric model runs will be made once per day, with each runcontaining a three-day forecast. Hourly output will be made available for ocean runs once per dayapproximately 24 hours behind real time.

3. SYSTEM INTEGRATION

Sustained OperationsMost of the system elements described above will operate in a year-round, 24/7, real-time mode to

provide routine monitoring of the coastal environment with maintenance tasks designed to be performed onan 8-5, M-F basis. These elements include the surface current mapping, underwater gliders, satelliteobservations, real-time moorings, underway CTD, and surf-zone, wind-field, and offshore modeling efforts.A goal for COCMP deliverables is to make these 24/7 system elements operational in 3 years, and provideintegrated informational products derived from these observations in real-time where applicable.

Other operations are intensive observation periods that may persist for 1-6 months. Data from theseperiods will be used to tune, validate, and support the development of the ocean nowcasting and forecastingmodels. The sites of these intensive operations were selected as regions where models presently haveprediction difficulties due to environmental complexity, the measurements required cannot be maintained onan operational basis without great costs, and/or the sites are regions of enhanced management needs (e.g.Imperial Beach, Huntington Beach, Santa Monica Bay).

Data Management and CommunicationThe SCCOOS COCMP program will be served by a near-real-time data management system

developed through the National Science Foundation Information Technology Research (NSF ITR) program –


Real-time Observatories, Applications, and Data management Network (ROADNet http://roadnet.ucsd.edu).ROADNet entails the integration of many different sensor types into a common data buffering, transport, andanalysis system (referred to as a virtual object ring buffer - VORB). ROADNet is supporting many additionalsensor platforms including large number seismic sensors, sensor networks within the San Diego CoastalOcean Observing System (http://sdcoos.ucsd.edu/), UCSD's Climate Research micro-climate investigationarray at SDSU's Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve, meteorological sensors, geodetic laser strain meters,and portions of the Southern California Integrated GPS Network (SCIGN) (for example see Bock et al.,2004; Braun et al., 2002; Lindquist et al., 2003; Rajasekar et al., 2004; Vernon et al., 2003). Tosupport this network of networks, we have deployed a number of dynamic ring buffers based on the BoulderReal Time Technologies Antelope software package. Historically, data transport for sensor networks hasbeen configured by hand. This has resulted in a tedious and expensive process and changes are often subjectto operator error and valuable investments of time.

To solve these and other problems, we have developed and deployed a dynamic routing protocol thattransports data reliably between various buffer and repository locations. This system enables self-healingdata transport paths if a buffer or network link fails in an existing path. The real-time data are immediatelyintegrated into a larger data management system based on modern grid technologies. For COCMP, thiswould represent the statewide array of order 40 or more HF radar systems which will be reporting data backto regionally distributed nodes. Grids are distributed systems that enable the sharing, selection, andaggregation of resources distributed across "multiple" administrative domains based on availability,capability, performance, cost and quality-of-service requirements. Data grids enable sharing of data andinformation while computation grids (not proposed here) deliver computational resources on demand. Inparticular, ROADNet exploits the capabilities of the San Diego Supercomputer’s Storage Resource Broker(Moore, 2004; Rajasekar et al., 2002). Figure 5 illustrates a grid that is composed of sensors (at bottom),the replication and sharing of these data onto distributed servers (lower tier of middle box), applications thatcan seamlessly interface to these distributed data (top tier of middle box), and access and publication ofmeta-data catalogs (left box). The data grid has an arbitrary number of servers. The bottom layer of the SRBcomprises archives on various tape and disk media, file systems such as Mac OSX, UNIX/Solaris, Linux,databases like Oracle, and, based on ROADNet, VORBs providing real-time data and metadata from sensornetworks. The top layer provides a variety of applications programming interfaces (API) for WWW pages,web services, as well as the oceanographic community’s DODS/OpenDap system. ROADNet is fullycompliant with the requirements of the Ocean.US Data Management and Communications (DMAC) report.We anticipate that all the COCMP institutions will install local SRBs and automatically replicate much of thedata available on the original SCCOOS servers.

This proposal provides the funding necessary to establish the ROADNet VORB/SRB for theSCCOOS HF radar data. The system is already working to integrate real-time HF radar data from Scripps,UCSB, and Rutgers University in New Jersey with expected expansions to include the Naval PostgraduateSchool, NOAA, and University of Connecticut this summer. The extension and scaled system supportthroughout SCCOOS will be straightforward. The same ROADNet systems will be installed in northernCalifornia through CenCOOS to allow statewide integration of the full suite of HF radar current data andcontinuity for statewide access to data. Given that the systems currently work efficiently with Rutgers, wewill propose to expand the connectivity as the national network grows. In SCCOOS, our existing fundingfrom NOAA is being used to incorporate other data within the Southern California Bight obtained byconsortium partners and agencies alike (e.g. Southern California discharge community, CDIP, meteorology,water sampling, and hydrography) into ROADNet and the SRB. While the HF radar sensor network and datasets will be the most extensive set of systems in COCOMP which have commonality, the SCCOOS datasystem will also be configured to operate in a similar manner for the other observational and modelingcomponents to allow broad access and distribution of both real-time and archived data. The SCCOOS datamanagement program will also be responsible for specifying, designing, and implementing the data telemetrysystem for the HF radar systems to provide a stable and efficient statewide system.


InteroperabilityAll systems within COCMP will be integrated using the data management tools described above.

Web interfaces that allow easy access to data and products will be provided to the public. Personnel will bededicated to interfacing with existing data provider/user groups both within and outside of COCMP tointegrate all data sources (static and dynamic) into the SCCOOS data system. Data sources include mooringsoperated by existing agencies (e.g. Orange County Sanitation District) that telemeter to shore, bottom-mounted ADCPs operated by other discharge agencies, water-quality data from public health agencies,hydrographic data collected by NPDES permit holders, national water level and NOAA tide gauges, andnetworks of meteorological sensors operated by the National Weather Service. We will also create graphicaltools that allow the examination of these data sets in the context of regional data sets (both real-time andarchives) created by SCCOOS and downloading user-selected data.

SCCOOS is working with CeNCOOS to insure statewide interoperability, including the proposedusage of a single data management system for all COCMP infrastructures. CeNCOOS and SCCOOS havesigned a Memorandum of Understanding forming the Federation of California Regional ObservingSystems (http://www.sccoos.ucsd.edu/docs/SCCOOSMOU04.pdf), which recognizes that regionaldifferences and priorities exist, yet insists on interoperability of system components with common functions.

Federal Integrated Ocean Observation System Program

The system elements, data management strategy, and operational goal of SCCOOS to develop andoperate a science-based decision support system are entirely consistent with the Ocean.US vision of anIntegrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). Plans and protocols for IOOS are evolving and SCCOOS iscommitted ensuring interoperability of COCMP with IOOS. This commitment manifests in the involvementof SCCOOS members in IOOS and other federal ocean observing planning efforts. Dr. Stephen Weisberg isa member of the GOOS steering committee, Dr. John Orcutt is Chair of SCCOOS and one of two SCCOOSrepresentatives to the National Federation of Regional Associations (Marco Gonzalez, Esq. Coastal LawGroup is the second representative), Dr. Paul DiGiacomo is a NASA IOOS representative, Dr. Eric Terrill isprincipal investigator for NOAA-sponsored SCCOOS organization and outreach efforts, Dr. Russ Davis isSIO representative to the Pacific Coastal Observing System (PaCOS), Dr. John Hunter is PaCOSCoordinator, and Dr. Libe Washburn is on the Ocean.US Surface Current Mapping Initiative steeringcommittee. In addition, SCCOOS is receiving NOAA federal funds for the implementation of a coastalobserving pilot project that will complement COCMP and existing federally sponsored observing systemcomponents such as the California Data Information Program (CDIP), CalCOFI, and Santa Barbara LTER.


The State focus of COCMP will also dovetail with the Surface Currents Mapping Initiative, which seeks todevelop operational support, infrastructure, and products for federal end-users.

4. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT, OUTREACH AND BENEFITS TO STATE MANAGEMENT PRIORITIES

SCCOOS’s goal in COCMP is to synthesize its observations into quasi-operational products that willprovide the scientific basis for evaluating and improving management of the ocean environment and itsresources. This involves three interacting steps: (1) construction of the best description of the pertinentocean parameters over as large a region as the data will support; (2) conversion of this basic description intoproducts that are useful to the public, agencies and organizations interested in the ocean; and (3) feedbackfrom these users on how the products can be improved. SCCOOS is committed to: (1) using science toproduce the most accurate and complete possible description of ocean currents and the fields that thesecurrents advect; (2) working with representatives of California agencies and organizations to define an initialsuite of derived products tailored to different uses; and (3) reaching out to individual agencies andorganizations to collaboratively improve these products. This proposal has described our initial design forobservations and modeling. Below we first describe the basic physical fields that this will describe. Next wedescribe potential applications to coastal management and other uses. When NOAA funding arrives,SCCOOS will work with users to convert this potential into initial products. Finally, we describe the teamthat will reach out to users to evaluate our products and improve them.

4.1 Basic Physical Descriptions

Surface Currents• Maps of surface currents will evolve with COCMP in their sophistication. Initially, velocity maps from quality-controlled high-resolution (1 km) and long-range (6-10 km) HF radar observations will be available. Later data-drivensurface current maps from the ROMS assimilating models will provide seamless current maps extending from the beachto waters offshore. Both real-time and archived data will be publicly available by Internet in both graphical form and asdata files for downloading.• Trajectory analyses based on the spatial surface current information will describe motion of water parcels as afunction of time from particular origins. Trajectories will be available in real time from key locations (e.g. potentialdischarge sites). Data archives will be maintained in various formats as defined by key users.Subsurface Currents• The three COCMP gliders and the Santa Monica Bay (SMB) mooring, three NOAA gliders and moorings near LaJolla and Santa Barbara, and current profilers from the Orange County Water District and other agencies along the coastwill describe subsurface currents. These data will be used to constrain the ROMS model and will be publicly availablethrough a web page that shows recent time series of velocity from moorings and velocity sections from gliders.Surfzone and Nearshore Currents• For the Imperial Beach and Santa Monica Bay regions (15 km and 80 km alongshore reaches, respectively)interactive web pages will provide real-time "nowcasts" of vertically-averaged alongshore currents between theshoreline and about 2 km offshore. The alongshore resolution will be a few 100 m. The flow estimates, based onsimplified models driven by observed winds, waves, and alongshore pressure gradients, will be updated at least daily.• The wave momentum stress, which drives alongshore, surfzone currents, will be predicted for the SouthernCalifornia Bight as an extension of the California Data Information Program (http://cdip.ucsd.edu) using SCCOOSNOAA funding. Results from this effort will complement COCMP and be integrated into the data system.• During intensive month-long periods additional observations will provide more comprehensive velocity productsincluding vertical, horizontal, and temporal variation of the flow field on the inner shelf (within 2 km of shore, butseaward of the surfzone). Inner-shelf drifter trajectories will be updated every 3 hours while surfzone flows are mappedwith fixed flowmeters and drifters. All products will be useful for model calibration and validation and, givenexperience, these velocity fields may be combined to produce full three-dimensional maps of nearshore flows.Subsurface Water Properties• Density stratification from all SCCCOS gliders, moorings, and the Underway CTD sections from San Pedro toAvalon and Ventura to Santa Cruz Island will be published in near-real-time by web site.• ROMS assimilated products will provide 3-dimensional fields of temperature, salinity, currents, and severalbiogeochemical parameters. The temporal resolution of these products will span scales from hours to years.


Sea Level• ROMS will provide sea level nowcasts and forecasts as driven by baroclinic and barotropic tides, local winds, andremote forcing. Sea Level predictions on the coastline will be available in real time on the web.Satellite Observations• Satellite observations of sea surface temperature and ocean color products, such as primary productivity, totalsuspended matter, chlorophyll, and diver visibility, will be available as overlays on surface current maps. Overlays willbe created in near-real time with an online archive.• Coastal hazard risk assessment fields for stormwater plume fields, red tides, and harmful algal blooms will beproduced in near-real-time (=8 hours) and available daily on the Internet.Surface Meteorology• Maps of surface wind fields and other meteorological properties (e.g. air temperature, relative humidity) will beavailable at 3 km resolution daily. The daily report will include hourly predictions over 3 days for a domain spanningthe Southern California Bight.

4.2 POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS FOR COCMP PRODUCTS

Water QualityWhen coupled with compliance-based water quality monitoring, COCMP products will aid in

identifying the source of pollution that impacts beaches and coastal waters.1) The transport processes that carry bacteria or other pathogens to the beach can be deduced using time histories of

trajectory maps from regions of measured contamination. Statistical descriptors provide confidence in determiningwhen ocean transport processes are favorable for contaminated water to reach specific locations. Applications mayinclude the generation of risk indices, early warning tools for the start and end of beach contamination events, andnotice of when beach water sampling should take place.

2) Real-time, forecasts, and statistical archives of the criteria for when NPDES discharge plumes may surface can becreated through coupling the EPA PLUMES model to observations and modeled fields of subsurface stratification.

3) The fate, transport, and dispersion of plumes from known stormwater discharges and outfalls can be determinedfrom modeled and observed current fields. This will disclose which regions of the coastline and receiving watersare most exposed to the stormwater discharge, cooling water from power plants or brine from desalinization plants.

4) Understanding when discharges may impact a region of the coastline will allow the development of adaptivemanagement protocols to reduce the delivery of fecal bacteria or other materials to that region. For example,discharges could be timed to occur only when transport conditions are favorable to moving the discharge to aregion of minimal impact (e.g. timing a dredge spoil release).

SCCOOS will use NOAA funding to work with the water quality agencies in Southern California to integrateagency monitoring data sets into the SCCOOS data system. The Southern California Coastal WaterResearch Project (SCCWRP) Commissioner’s Technical Advisory Group (CTAG) has been identified as thelogical interface for SCCOOS in generating tailored products for agency applications. This group will allowSCCOOS to directly communicate with all existing agencies in the region.

The Beneficial Uses identified in the State Water Resources Control Board California Ocean Planand Basin Plans Regions 3,4,8,9 include Industrial Service Supply, Navigation, Contact and Non-ContactWater Recreation, Commercial and Sport Fishing, Marine Habitat, Wildlife Habitat, Preservation ofBiological Habitats of Special Significance, Aquaculture, Migration of Aquatic Organisms, ShellfishHarvesting, and Spawning, Reproduction and/or Early Development. The beneficial uses specificallyaddressed in this project include Contact and Non-Contact Water Recreation and the water quality goalsassociated with this project will ensure that beach waters are suitable for these beneficial uses.Oil Spill Response & Search and Rescue

Surface currents, waves, and wind fields observed and forecasted by COCMP infrastructure will aidoil spill response and prevention and in search and rescue operations:1. Real-time surface currents and trajectories will allow the tracking of spills to aid clean up efforts.2. Real-time wind and wave fields will assist oil spill response personnel in deploying and managing

operational assets (booms, spill response vessels, etc.)3. Statistical descriptions of circulation, wind, and wave fields can be used for assessing risk to existing and

future sites where spills have a high probability of occurring.4. Surface currents, wind, and wave observations and forecasts are useful to Search and Rescue (SAR)

operations for both determining search regions, and the deployment of recovery assets.


SCCOOS products will support federal (USCG, NOAA HAZMAT, USN, EPA, FAA), state (CA Office of SpillPrevention and Response), and local (port districts, shipping and oil industry, marine safety offices)agencies.Marine Resources and Marine Protected Areas1. Statistical descriptions of surface trajectories help define egg and larval pathways connecting coastal

marine communities, something that is particularly important in designing Marine Protected Areas.2. Determining dominant flow patterns and their interannual variability and climatic change is valuable for

fisheries modeling, diagnosing environmental impacts on fishery productivity, and eventually factoringclimate forecasts into setting fishing limits and closures of fisheries.

SCCOOS will provide velocity and temperature products to federal (National Marine Fisheries Service,National Ocean Service), state (CA Fish and Game), and other interested parties, including non-governmental organizations.Coastal Erosion

Data products to aid management issues related to coastal erosion, including those directed by theCalifornia Coastal Sediment Management Master Plan (http://dbw.ca.gov/csmw/sedimentmasterplan.htm),depend on COCMP measurements and predictions of the alongshore wave climate and nearshore currents.1. Real-time and forecasted wave products for Southern California can be used as a predictive tool for

assessing the extent of storm surge and storm driven erosion rates. The analysis and prediction of waveclimate changes along the coastline will allow risk assessment of areas of high erosion on a regionalbasis (or within a littoral cell).

2. The prediction of surf zone currents can be applied to models and forecasts of the alongshore transport ofsediments and define regions of accretion and erosion within littoral cells.

SCCOOS will provide products to local municipalities, the California Coastal Coalition, State agencies(Department of Resources), and Federal (Army Corp of Engineers, FEMA, NOAA, MMS).Vessel Traffic Aids1. The ROMS model will provide hourly sea level predictions in sensitive regions to vessel traffic,

including port entrances. The regional observing and modeling efforts will allow these to be driven bytides, local winds, and remote forcing.

2. The real-time observations and predictions of waves, winds, and currents are of practical use to marinersfor safe and efficient at-sea operations. User-friendly data web pages will be made available to thepublic.

SCCOOS will provide products to California Department of Boats and Waterways, Southern California portdistricts, USCG, NOAA, and USN.

4.3 OUTREACH AND PRODUCT APPLICATIONS

Development of improved products and their applications will depend on iterative interaction withend-users of the data. While a preliminary identification of these users has been made, SCCOOS cannotcomplete an exhaustive survey of the region until NOAA funding permits hiring a person dedicated to thistask in June 2004. Experience gained from implementing other coastal observing systems in the region [e.g.California Clean Beaches Initiative in Imperial Beach (http://www.sdcoos.ucsd.edu/), the CDIP wavesprogram (http://cdip.ucsd.edu), and CalCOFI (http://www.calcofi.org/) will be leveraged to efficientlydevelop product applications. A product applications team will be funded through COCMP to complementthe SCCOOS outreach coordinator so that an end-to-end process of contacting users, identifying needs,integrating data where possible, and creating tailored products for the user can be achieved. The team willinclude a Project Scientist with a Ph.D. in the marine sciences who is versed in marine observations and dataanalysis techniques to enable the translation between user needs to sensible products who would workclosely with a staff research associate who has coastal observing experience in the field of productdevelopment, data QA/QC, data management, HF radar operations, and satellite remote sensing. The teamwould serve as expert users working closely with the SCCOOS outreach program to facilitate theidentification of users needs and delivery of products. These same individuals will also be supported throughthe data management and other COCMP system elements and the NOAA SCCOOS pilot program, whichinvolves the integration of data from various monitoring programs that already exist within Southern


California. While product applications will be developed for state and federal agencies and organizations, allproducts will be available online to the public at large.

5. INTERNAL PROGRAM MANAGEMENT

All financial matters related to contracts, grants, and accounting for the SCCOOS COCMP programwill be executed by the business office of the Marine Physical Laboratory (MPL), working with theappropriate offices at Scripps Institution of Oceanography and University of California, San Diego. MPLwill also serve as the parent contracts and grants office for all SCCOOS consortium sub-awards. The MPLbusiness office is home to the NOAA Joint Institute of Marine Observations (JIMO - http://jimo.ucsd.edu/),and acts in a similar business capacity for SCCOOS NOAA funding.

An Operating Board has been established to carry out internal program management of theSCCOOS/COCMP program. The Operating Board, chaired by Russ Davis, includes six representatives fromthe following COCMP elements: HF radar, data management, satellite observations, nearshore, subsurface,and modeling. The Operating Board is charged with system design, resource allocation based upon systemelement relevance and internal review of system elements to ensure reasonable progress and performance.Components not meeting their work plans would be proposed to the SCCOOS Board of Governors forreduced funding. Executive committee representatives Mark Moline, Yi Chao, or Eric Terrill wouldcommunicate any programmatic changes to COCMP. A kick off meeting for COCMP implementers will beheld in October 2004, followed by annual "all-hands" meetings to review COCMP efforts and provide aforum for broad comments on deliverables. It is anticipated that these meetings will also serve as anopportunity for outside review by the State Coastal Conservancy. Implementers will manage their ownprogress and document performance. System elements with multiple implementers (e.g. the HF radarcomponent) will have regular communication internally and with the parallel efforts in Northern California.Data standards, as defined by working groups (or federal standards), must be adhered to.

Governance of the SCCOOS Regional Association. In June 2004 NOAA will fund SCOOS planning forcertification by the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). This is in parallel to NOAA funding of athree-year pilot observing system project. To implement an effective and sustainable observing systemmeeting user needs, SCCOOS proposes the governance structure in Figure 6. This architecture leverages theexpertise of the California Ocean Science Trust (http://resources.ca.gov/ocean/CORSA/CORSA_index.html).The Trust represents State agencies, academia, NGOs and the public and serves in an advisory capacity dueto their unique composition and authorization by the California Ocean Resources Stewardship Act (CORSA).

Figure 6. The proposedorganization structure for theSouthern California CoastalOcean Observing System(SCCOOS) Regional


Membership is determined as follows: Secretary of the California Resources Agency appoints one; Secretaryof the California Environmental Protection Agency appoints one; Director of Finance appoints one; theChancellor of the California State University and President of the University of California jointly nominatethree; ocean and coastal interest groups nominate two; and two seats are for the general public. Thiscomposition should provide effective guidance of the future Regional Association and, in the interim, may beuseful in assembling an external panel for program review of COCMP deliverables.

6. PROGRAM SCHEDULE

7. DEVELOPMENT OF OPERATIONAL FUNDING

SCCOOS and the State of California are well positioned to create and respond to opportunities to provideoperational support of the COCMP infrastructure. While many observing system startups around the countryhave had difficulty in obtaining operational support after their establishment by federal funds, COCMP is aresponse to monitoring needs in a region that has already demonstrated its capacity to support an observingsystem. Examples include the $32M/year spent in Southern California by NPDES permit holders to maintaincompliance, the Bight regional monitoring programs, and the Southern California Wetlands RestorationProgram. The SCCOOS approach to developing operational funding will include:• Establishing collaborative partnerships with data provider/user groups and operational data users at the

local, state, federal, and private level. Support for data integration efforts between their monitoringmissions and COCMP products will assist in the required outreach efforts necessary to generate support.This support may include both operational resources from private and public end users and advocacy ofthe public benefit of SCCOOS to state and federal agencies. Examples may include data productsrequired for discharge permit compliance, real-time data used by safety personnel, and support for oilspill trajectories. Demonstration of COCMP utility in resource management programs will dovetail the

Program Component Year 1 Year 2 Year 3HF radarparticipants: Cal Poly, UCSB,USC, SIO* installation plan calls forinstallation of 22 HF radar sitesover the first 2 years averaging

• site assessment,permissions, frequencyallocation, site preparation, orderequipment, begin install• define standard operatingpractices

• continue installation,operation, and integration of HFradar systems• continue productdevelopment

• complete installations• continued integration withSCCOOS components• continued operation,validation, and productdevelopment.

Nearshore and Surfzone• observations: coastal drifter,deployments, AUV deployments,nearshore moorings, surfzonecurrent observations• surfzone & nearhosre modelsparticipants: Cal Poly, UCSB, SIO

• instrumentation purchasedand prepared for deployment• begin nearshore andsurfzone modeling efforts

• month long deployment ofnearshore and surfzoneinfrastructure at Imperial Beach• real-time data distributionon the web• continue modeling efforts,assimilate data

• deployment of transitionzone infrastructure (moorings,AUV, drifters) in the SantaMonica Bay/ Huntington Beacharea.

Subsurface Observations• glider array• Santa Monica Bay mooring• underway CTDmeasurementsparticipants: UCLA, UCSB, SIO

• build 3 gliders, set up dataQC and data relay to datasystem/models• deploy UCLA mooring• build underway CTDsystem, deploy on 2 vessels

• continue glider effort,QA/QC of data• maintain UCLA mooring• continue operation of CTDsystems, QA/QC data

• same as year 2, makingadjustments based on lessonslearned• maintain UCLA mooring• continue operation of CTDsystems, QA/QC data

Satellite Observationsparticipants: JPL, SIO

• begin algorithmdevelopment, coordinate withNOAA SCCOOS remotesensing program

• continue feature trackingalgorithm development,interface with water qualitycommunity

• generate risk assessmentmaps based upon remote sensingdata on the internet

Regional Ocean Modeling• operational modeling system• data assimilation• wind field generationparticipants: UCLA, JPL, SIO

• Develop HF radar dataassimilation scheme• Implement real-timeoperation ROMS withassimilation of both in situ andsatellite data

• Test and validate ROMSagainst available observations• Assemble and process thereal-time HF radar data andother complementary data setsfrom SCCOOS data system

• Implement real-timeoperation of ROMS modeling,assimilation, and forecasting.• Develop data productsusing ROMS output. Preparetransition of ROMS operations.

Data Distribution andManagementparticipants: JPL, SIO, SDSC

• begin implementation ofreal-time networking, telemetry,and data storage• support web page andproduct development

• continue development ofreal-time data access andinformation transfer• support web page andproduct development

• continue development ofreal-time data access andinformation transfer• continue support web pageand product development


program into the planning process for long-term monitoring programs such as Marine Protected Areas.In addition, SCCOOS has already provided briefings to the USCG, DHS, NOAA, and USN describingthe utility of supporting observing system infrastructure in their missions.

• Generating tailored products for users on a project-specific basis. Resource allocation directed towardsthese products must include fractional support towards the observing system operational infrastructureupon which they depend.

• SCCOOS will position the COCMP infrastructure for support in federal ocean observing systeminitiatives including the National Science Foundation’s Ocean Observatory Initiative ($208M); theIntegrated Ocean Observing System (annual support is estimated at $30M-$50M per RegionalAssociation); the NOAA sponsored Pacific Coastal Observing System (PaCOS), which is focused onmarine resource management; and the Ocean.US Surface Current Mapping Initiative.

8. Cost SharingThe following programs are existing programs conducted by SCCOOS consortium members that have directrelevance to COCMP and monitoring in coastal waters of Southern California.

Institution Description agency amountSCCOOS 1. resources to the SCCOOS Regional Association to begin the

implementation of a pilot Coastal Observing System (3 yrs)2. resources for SCCOOS outreach (3 yrs)

1. NOAA CSC2. NOAA CSC

1. $8000k2. $300k

Cal Poly, San Luis Obisbo 1. REMUS AUV systems (2)2. system calibrations

1. ONR,NASA 1. $570k2. $10k

University of California,Santa Barbara

1. six existing HF radar sites sponsored by MMS, Packard, Pisco, andothers

2. drifter observations and statistical analysis in the Santa Barbara Channel

1. MMS, pvt.foundations

2. NSF

1. $720k2. $420k

University of SouthernCalifornia

1. Federally approved overhead at the University of Southern California is62%. Dean of Research has agreed to subsidize overhead to enable25% overhead inline with UCOP.

1. USC 1. $237k

University of California,Los Angeles

1. Modeling of water quality on the San Pedro Shelf2. Study of Meso-scale processes in controlling the upper ocean carbon

cycle in the coastal environment – Santa Monica Bay3. Modeling of sediment transport on the Santa Monica, Palos Verdes, and

San Pedro Shelves4. Simulating and assessing the carbon cycle off the west coast of North

America

1. OCSD2. NSF3. USGS4. NASA

1. $90k2. $623k3. $75k4. $586k

Jet Propulsion Laboratory 1. Coastal Upwelling Study2. Usage of terabyte disk storage array system (remote sensing)3. Computer processing support from the JPL Physical Oceanography

Distributed Active Archive CenterPO.DAAC4. 12-processor SGI Origin 350 computer hardware, maintenance and

300TB storage space dedicated to the ROMS real-time

1. NASA2. JPL3. JPL4. JPL

1. $150k2. $30k3. $90k4. $300k

Scripps Institution ofOceanography

1. Development of Spray Glider for operational use; borrow gliders fromthat program to enable continuous sampling along three tracks

2. Advanced ROMS data assimilation development3. High resolution ROMS development, adjoint development4. Modeling and analyzing propagation of uncertainty.5. Wireless networks and real-time data management6. Real-time Data Aware System for Earth, Oceanographic, and

Environmental Applications7. Optical networking, Internet Protocol, computer storage, processing and

visualization technologies development (OPTIPUTER)8. California Clean Beaches Initiative – SDCOOS9. SDCOOS – adaptive sampling for microbial indicators10. Development of at-sea wave measurements from ships in California

waters.11. Dispersion Analysis of surfzone drifters and numerical modeling, drifter

release experiments during COCMP12. California Data Information Program

1. NOAA OGP2. NSF – ITR3. ONR4. ONR5. NSF6. NSF – ITR7. NSF – ITR8. SWRCB9. SD DEH10. ONR11. SEAGRANT12. ACOE

1. $980k2. $144k3. $50k4. $100k5. $1758k6. $2344k7. $13500k8. $750k9. $112k10. $100k11. $222k12. $600k

total related funding $32,859,000


9. REFERENCES CITED

Bock, Y., L. Prawirodirdjo, T. I. Melbourne, "Detection of Arbitrarily Large Dynamic Ground Motions witha Dense High-Rate GPS Network," Geophysical Research Letters, 31(L06604), doi:10.1029/2003GL019150,2004.

Braun, H.W. and T. Hansen, K. Lindquist, B. Ludäscher, J. Orcutt, A. Rajasekar, F. Vernon (2002)."Distributed Data Management Architecture for Embedded Computing." 6th Workshop on HighPerformance Embedded Computing, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Sept. 2002.

DiGiacomo, P. M., L. Washburn, B. Holt, and B. Jones. Coastal pollution hazards in Southern Californiaobserved by SAR imagery: Stormwater plumes, wastewater plumes, and natural hydrocarbon seeps. In Press,Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2004.

Chao, Yi, Z. Li, J.C. Kindle, J.D. Paduan, and F.P. Chavez, A High-Resolution Surface Vector Wind Productfor Coastal Oceans: Blending Satellite Scatterometer Measurements with Regional Mesoscale AtmosphericModel Simulations, Geophysical Research Letters, 30(1), 1013, doi:10.1029/2002GL015729, 2003.

Lindquist, K.G. and R.L. Newman, A. Nayak, F.L. Vernon, C. Nelson, T.S. Hansen, R. Yuen-Wong (2003)."Dynamic Web Expression for Near-real-time Sensor Networks." Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet.Suppl., Abstract ED32C-1205.

Moore, R., Evolution of Data Grid Concepts, Reagan Moore, submitted to the Global Grid Forum Data AreaWorkshop, January, 2004.

Rajasekar, A., M. Wan R. Moore,A. Jagatheesan, and G. Kremenek, Real-life Experiences with Data Grids:Case Studies in using the SRB, The 6th International Conferenceon High Performance Computing(HPCAsia-2002) Bangalore, India, December 16-19, 2002.

Rajasekar, A., F. Vernon, T. Hansen, K. Linquist, J. Orcutt. "Virtual Object Ring Buffer: A Framework forReal-time Data Grid." HDPC Conference 2004.

Vernon, F. and H.W. Braun, T. Hansen, B. Ludaescher, J. Orcutt, A. Rajasekar, K. Lindquist (2003)."ROADNet: Real-time Observatories, Applications, and Data-management Network." Presented at the 2ndInternational Workshop on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, Palo Alto, CA, April 22-23.

Budget Summary

component name participating institution year 1 ($K) year 2 ($K) year 3 ($K) Total ($K)

Short-Medium-Range Resolution/Long-Range HF Radars SLO, Cal Poly - Mark Moline 29.3 24 24.6 77.9

USC - Burton Jones 237.3 272.4 285.4 795.1UCSB - Libe Washburn 367.2 399.2 390.6 1157SIO - Eric Terrill 3544.5 538.6 556.2 4639.3

Remote Sensing Products for Tracking Contaminants and Pollutants JPL- Paul DiGiacomoo 99.4 104.3 111.3 315ROMS Operations for Synthesis of SCCOOS Data and Prediction of Fields JPL - Yi Chao 204.0 206.0 210.0 620UCLA Model Research and Development with focus on nearshore UCLA - Jim McWilliams 124 71.6 71.4 267Producing High Resolution Wind Product for use by ROMS UCLA - Jim McWilliams 41.8 24.1 24.1 90Covariances and Objective Mapping of HF Radar and Direct Observations SIO - Bruce Cornuelle 67.5 69.6 72.2 209.3

Modeling Wave Evolution and Currents to Nowcast Surf-zone Currentsl SIO - Bob Guza, Falk Fedderson 55.5 61.1 43.4 160Two Bight-Scale Sections using an Underway CTD UCSB - Libe Washburn 72.4 27.9 28.3 128.6Bight-Scale Monitoring Using Underwater Gliders SIO - Russ Davis 198.5 164.9 161.6 525Transition Zone Observations — AUVs, Moorings and Drifters SLO, Cal Poly - Mark Moline 8.3 100.1 94.6 203

UCSB - Carter Ohlman 48.4 41.1 42.5 132SIO - Dan Rudnick 60.0 30.0 30.0 120

Wave and Current Observations to calibrate Surf-zone Current Model SIO - Bob Guza, Falk Fedderson 101.7 187.5 30.8 320Maintenance of SMB Mooring for physical variables — U, T, S, Wind, etc. UCLA - Keith Stolzenbach 142.1 137.3 140.4 419.8Information Technology for HF Radars & Data Management SIO - Frank Vernon, John Orcutt 481.6 341.6 347.1 1170.3Data Quality Control and User-Product Interface SIO - Eric Terril 114.7 114.6 103.6 332.9Administrative Budget SIO - Eric Terrill 73.6 76.1 78.7 228.4Sub Total 6071.8 2992 2846.8 11910.6

SIO/UCSD Indirect on Subawards (13% on $25K):

California Polytechnic State University 3.3 3.3Jet Propulsion Laboratory 3.3 3.3University of Southern California 3.3 3.3Total 6081.7 2992 2846.8 11920.5

Pat

54

Cal

-Po

lyU

CS

BU

CL

AU

CS

DU

SC

JPL

TO

TA

LS

alar

ies

& F

ringe

131,

733

$

78

4,86

8$

369,

769

$

2,34

3,59

2$

54

5,19

2$

273,

000

$

4,17

5,15

4$

Equ

ipm

ent

24,0

00$

97,6

98$

154,

000

$

3,63

5,37

0$

10

,000

$

-

$

3,92

1,06

8$

Sup

ply

and

Mat

eria

ls21

,000

$

55

,500

$

32

,279

$

233,

213

$

10

,800

$

-

$

352,

792

$

Tra

vel

41,0

00$

63,3

00$

11,7

12$

50

,670

$

25

,220

$

15

,000

$

191,

902

$

Sub

cont

ract

-$

-$

-$

-

$

-

$

38

3,30

0$

38

3,30

0$

C

onsu

ltant

Ser

vice

s-

$

-

$

-

$

36,0

00$

-$

-$

36

,000

$

Com

pute

r S

ervi

ces

-$

-$

42,7

76$

3,60

0$

9,

100

$

55

,476

$

Pub

licat

ion

Cos

ts-

$

-

$

-

$

-$

-$

12,0

00$

12

,000

$

Oth

er29

,600

$

15

2,46

8$

93,0

00$

72

7,83

3$

43,3

13$

-$

1,

046,

214

$

Dire

ct C

osts

247,

333

$

1,

153,

834

$

660,

760

$

7,06

9,45

4$

63

8,12

5$

692,

400

$

10,1

73,9

06$

In

dire

ct C

osts

*33

,500

$

26

4,03

5$

116,

115

$

645,

354

$

15

7,03

1$

242,

600

$

1,21

6,03

5$

28

0,83

3$

1,41

7,86

9$

77

6,87

5$

7,

714,

808

$

795,

156

$

93

5,00

0$

11

,920

,541

$

T

OT

AL

CO

ST

S

*Cal

Pol

y ID

C r

ate

is 1

5% o

f $22

3,33

3*U

CS

B ID

C r

ate

is 2

5% o

f $1,

056,

136

*UC

LA ID

C r

ate

is 2

5% o

f $46

4,45

7*U

CS

D ID

C r

ate

is 2

5% o

f $1,

576,

430

and

13%

of $

1,93

2,65

4*U

SC

IDC

rat

e is

25%

of $

628,

125

*JP

L ID

C r

ate

is 3

5.03

76%

of $

692,

400

BU

DG

ET

SU

MM

AR

Y B

Y IN

ST

ITU

TIO

N A

ND

CA

TE

GO

RY

Oct

ob

er 1

, 200

4 th

rou

gh

Sep

tem

ber

30,

200

7

SC

CO

OS

: S

hel

f to

Sh

ore

line

Ob

serv

ato

ry D

evel

op

men

t

Pat

55

YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 TOTAL

Salaries & Fringe 679,065$ 885,042$ 779,485$ 2,343,592$

Consultant Services 12,000$ 12,000$ 12,000$ 36,000$

Equipment 3,538,370$ 51,000$ 46,000$ 3,635,370$

Supply and Materials 48,888$ 101,171$ 83,154$ 233,213$

Travel 14,240$ 19,152$ 17,278$ 50,670$

Subawards 578,295$ 706,795$ 725,899$ 2,010,989$

Multi-Campus Awards 796,003$ 701,276$ 697,465$ 2,194,744$

Computer Services 14,313$ 14,313$ 14,150$ 42,776$

Other 212,493$ 256,659$ 258,681$ 727,833$

Direct Costs 5,893,667$ 2,747,408$ 2,634,112$ 11,275,187$

Indirect Costs 187,944$ 244,643$ 212,767$ 645,354$

TOTAL COSTS 6,081,611$ 2,992,051$ 2,846,879$ 11,920,541$

BUDGET SUMMARY BY CATEGORY

SCCOOS: Shelf to Shoreline Observatory Development

Pat

56

The Southern California Coastal Current Observing...

Documents

Transcript of The Southern California Coastal Current Observing...