Stars And T

he

Solar Syste

m

Submitted by- Harshit Mishra & Vinay Kachava

Submitted to- Anjali dubey

TOPIC OUTLINE • Birth of the solar system• Geocentric & Heliocentric• Solar system

- Sun

- Terrestrial planet

Jovian planet

- Asteroid belt

- Kuiper belt

- Dwarf Planets

- Asteroid

- Meteoroid, Meteor, Meteorite

- Comet

BIRTH OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

GEOCENTRIC & HELIOCENTRIC THEORY

- Ptolemaic System/ Geocentric Theory

Earth centered theory

- Copernican Scheme/ Heliocentric Theory

Sun centered theory

PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM/ GEOCENTRIC

COPERNICAN SCHEME/ HELIOCENTRIC

THE SOLAR SYSTEM

The name given to the Sun and the family that orbits it. “Solar” means “of the Sun” and the sun is by far the most important member of the family.

- The Sun has a “pulling force” known as “gravity” that keeps the planets flying off into space.

THE SOLAR SYSTEM

- Solar System’s diameter is estimated to be around 1.41x10 m. or 10 light hours

(1 light years= 9.46x10 m.)

- The sun and the solar system is located

within the outer limits of milky way galaxy.

10

12

MODEL OF SOLAR SYSTEM

The Sun

An averaged-size star

Greek name: Helios

Roman name: Sol

Photosphere: Surface of the sun.

Sunspot: cool regions

Categorizing Planets

Terrestrial Planets Jovian Planets

Smaller size and mass

Higher density

Solid Surface

Closer to the Sun

Warmer

Few moons and no rings

Larger size and mass

Lower density

No solid Surface

Farther From Sun

Cooler

Rings and many moons

TERRESTRIAL PLANETS

(INNER PLANET)

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

Mercury

Closest planet to the sun and the eight largest.

Roman god: Mercury

Greek god: Hermes (messenger of God) Its surface is heavily

cratered and very old; it has no plate tectonics.

Venus

Second planet from the sun and the sixth largest.

Greek: Aphrodite (goddess of love and beauty) It was popular thought

to be two separate bodies: the morning star and evening star

Earth

Earth is the fifth largest planet and the third from the sun.

Liquid covers 71 percent of the Earth’s surface. The Earth has one moon.

Moon (Luna)

Mars Fourth planet from the

sun and the seventh largest.

Greek: Ares, the god of war Referred to as the

Red Planet Has the most highly

varied and interesting terrain of any of the terrestrial planets

Moons of Mars

Phobos

Deimos

JOVIAN PLANETS

(OUTER PLANET/ GAS GIANTS)

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Jupiter

Fifth planet from the sun and by far the largest planet.

Also known as Jove

Greek: Zeus (the king of the gods) it is a gas planet,

which means that it does not have solid surface.

Jupiter’s Red Spot

The Great Red Spot, a huge storm of swirling gas that has lasted for hundreds of years.

When it is in nighttime sky, Jupiter is often the brightest ‘star’ in the sky

Moons of Jupiter

Jupiter has 62 known satellites: the four Galilean moons plus many more small ones.

We’ll take a look at the four large Galilean moons which were first observed by Galileo in 1610.

Io

Io is the fifth moon of Jupiter. It’s the third largest of Jupiter’s moons.

Io has hundreds of volcanic calderas. Some of the volcanoes are active.

Europa Europa is the sixth of

Jupiter’s moons and is the fourth largest.

It is slightly smaller than the Earth’s moon.

The surface strongly resembles images of sea ice on Earth. There may be a liquid water sea under the crust.

Europa is one of the five known moons in the solar system to have an atmosphere.

Ganymede

Ganymede is the seventh and largest of Jupiter’s known satellites.

Ganymede has extensive cratering and an icy crust.

Callisto

Callisto is the eighth of Jupiter’s known satellites and the second largest.

Callisto has the oldest, most cratered surface of any body yet observed in the solar system.

Saturn

Saturn is the second largest planet and the sixth from the sun.

Roman: Saturn (god of agriculture) Saturn is made of materials that are lighter than

water. If you could fit Saturn in a lake, it would float!

Rings of Saturn

Saturn’s rings are not solid; they are composed of small countless particles.

The rings are very thin. Though they’re 250,000km or more in diameter, they’re less than one kilometer thick.

Uranus Uranus is the third

largest planet and the seventh from the sun.

Uranus is one of the giant gas planets.

Ancient Greek: Uranus (deity of heavens) Uranus is blue-green

because of the methane in its atmosphere.

MOONS OF URANUS

Neptune

Neptune is the fourth largest planet and the eight from the sun.

Roman: Neptune(god of the sea)Greek: Poseidon Like Uranus, the

methane gives Neptune its color.

MOONS OF NEPTUNE

ASTEROID BELT  the region of the Solar System located roughly between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter. It is occupied by numerous irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets. The asteroid belt is also termed the main asteroid belt or main belt to distinguish its members from other asteroids in the Solar System such as near-Earth asteroids and trojan asteroids.

KUIPER BELT

The Kuiper Belt is a disc-shaped region of icy objects beyond the orbit of Neptune -- billions of kilometers from our sun. Pluto and Eris are the best known of these icy worlds. There may be hundreds more of

these ice dwarfs out there. The Kuiper Belt and even more distant Oort Cloud are believed to be the home of comets that

orbit our sun.

ERISDATE OF DISCOVERY:

October 21, 2003

SATALITES:1- Dysnomia

- Formerly named UB313, a kuiper belt object, officially named Eris in Sept. 13,2006

- Largest known kuiper belt object.

PLUTODATE OF DISCOVERY:

1930

SATALITES:3- Charon, Nix, Hydra

- Named for the Roman god of the underworld (death).

- 2nd largest Kuiper belt Object- Discovered by Clyde

Tombaugh

HAUMEADATE OF DISCOVERY:

March 7, 2003

SATALITES:2- Hi’iaka, Namaka

- Originally called 2003 EL61- 5th dwarf planet found by a

team led by Michael Brown

MAKEMAKEDATE OF DISCOVERY:

March 31, 2005

SATALITES:0

- Smaller than Pluto- 4th dwarf planet found by a

team led by Michael Brown- Reddish color and likely

covered with frozen methane

CERESDATE OF DISCOVERY:

January 1, 1801

SATALITES:0

- 1st asteroid ever discovered by Guiseppe Piazzi.

- Designated a dwarf planet on August 24,2006.

ASTEROID, METEOR, COMETS

ASTEROID

Asteroids are small Solar System bodies that are not comets, and historically referred to objects inside the orbit of Jupiter. They have also been called planetoids, especially the larger ones

BIYODespite often being called a planet, the lump of rock known as 13241 Biyo (1998 KM41) is actually an asteroid!

Some people argue that Biyo is a minor planet (the name given to any planet smaller than a dwarf planet like Pluto), but it isn't officially classed as one.

It is named after Filipino teacher Dr. Josette T. Biyo. 

Meteoroid, Meteor, Meteorite A meteoroid is a sand- to boulder-

sized particle of debris in the Solar System. (outside the planets atmosphere)

A meteor is the visible streak of light from a meteoroid that is heated as it enters a planet's atmosphere

A meteorite is a meteoroid fallen to the planet’s ground.

COMETS

A comet is an icy small Solar System body (SSSB) that, when close enough to the Sun, displays a visible coma (a thin, fuzzy, temporary atmosphere) and sometimes also a tail.