The Socioeconomic Conditions Module of the …3.0 57.4 2.8 52.3 Access to food1.4 27.5 1.0 19.4...
Transcript of The Socioeconomic Conditions Module of the …3.0 57.4 2.8 52.3 Access to food1.4 27.5 1.0 19.4...
The Socioeconomic Conditions Module of the National Survey
of Household Income and Expenditures (MCS-ENIGH):
Input for multidimensional poverty measuring in Mexico
Introduction
Ley General de Desarrollo Social
Multidimensional Poverty Measurement in Mexico
Socioeconomic Conditions Module (MCS) and ENIGH
Evolution of poverty in Mexico
Main indicators of deprivation
ENIGH 2016: Statiscal and operational design
ENIGH 2016: Total current income quarterly
Contents
ENIGH 2016: Average quarterly current income per deciles
ENIGH 2016: Total current expenditure quarterly by big items ofexpenditure
ENIGH 2016: Average quarterly current income by household byurban-rural federative entity
ENIGH 2016: Average quarterly current income by household byfederative entity
ENIGH 2016: Distribution of expenditure (total) by federativeentity
Contents
Introduction Poverty is a global and painful social phenomenon, whose mitigation and desirable
solution requires the joint and coordinated action of government and society, and ofcourse it should be properly measured.
In Mexico, as in most countries, the monetary measurement of poverty has beenpredominantly used as input to income.
Consistent with the observations on the limitations of the monetary method ofmeasuring poverty and international recommendations, the Ley General deDesarrollo Social (LGDS) of Mexico in 2004, established that a multidimensionalpoverty measurement should be carried out for the country.
Social Development Law (LGDS)
On January 20, 2004, the Social Development Law (LGDS) was approved.
This law indicates as objectives of the National Policy for Social Development thepromotion of conditions that ensure the enjoyment of social rights (both individualand collective), as well as the promotion of economic development with a socialperspective aimed to raise population income and to reduce economic and socialinequality.
Social Development Law (LGDS)In order to evaluate the social development policy comprehensively, the law creates
the Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social
(CONEVAL) and in its articles 36 and 37, it entrusts to establish the guidelines and
criteria for the definition, identification and measurement of poverty.
And for this, the LGDS instructs the CONEVAL, the following criteria:
It must be carried out every two years at the state level and every five
years at the municipal scale.
CONEVAL should use the information generated by the Instituto
Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI).
Social Development Law (LGDS)
And for this, the LGDS instructs the CONEVAL, thefollowing criteria:
• At least, the following indicators must be incorporated:
Current per capita income.
Average educational gap in the household.
Access to health services.
Access to social security.
Quality and spaces of the dwelling.
Access to basic services in the dwelling.
Access to food.
Multidimensional Poverty Measurement in Mexico
CONEVAL classifies people according to the income they receive and the social
deficits they present.
A person may be classified in one, and only one, of the following groups:
Multidimensional poor. People with an income below the wellbeing threshold and
with one or more social deprivations.
Vulnerable due to social deprivation. Socially deprived people with an income
higher than the wellbeing threshold.
Multidimensional Poverty Measurement in Mexico
A person may be classified in one, and only one, of the following groups:
Vulnerable due to income. Population with no social deprivations and with an
income below the wellbeing threshold.
Not multidimensional poor and not vulnerable. Population with an income higher
than the wellbeing threshold and with no social deprivations.
Socioeconomic Conditions Module (MCS) and ENIGH
During the years 2006 to 2008, an intense collaboration process took place between
CONEVAL and INEGI, seeking to fulfill the mandate of the LGDS.
The two institutions agreed to the
planning, testing and consolidation of the
Socioeconomic Conditions Module (MCS)
as a complement to ENIGH. The first
survey of the MCS in the company of the
ENIGH was in 2008 and followed by
similar surveys in 2010, 2012 and 2014.
The MCS captures the sociodemographic, housing, occupancy and income
information captured by the ENIGH, in addition to specific topics for multidimensional
poverty measurement and context variables.
Expressed in simple terms, it can be said that the MCS is an ENIGH without the
collection of household consumption expenditures.
Socioeconomic Conditions Module (MCS) and ENIGH
On August 28, 2017, INEGI published the results of the ENIGH 2016, which constitutes the
start of a new series of the survey, as well as a statistical model with the inputs so that
CONEVAL can continue its multidimensional poverty measurement. According that, CONEVAL
published on its institutional page, on August 30, 2017, the following results:
Evolution of poverty in Mexico
Multidimensional poverty category2014 2016
Million people % Million people %
Total population 119.9 100.0 122.6 100.0
Multidimensional poor 55.3 46.2 53.4 43.6
Vulnerable due to social deprivation 31.5 26.3 32.9 26.8
Vulnerable due to income 8.5 7.1 8.6 7.0
Not multidimensional poor and notvulnerable
24.6 20.5 27.8 22.6
SOURCE: CONEVAL.
Evolution of poverty in selected federative entitiesCiudad de México
Multidimensional poverty category
2014 2016
Millionpeople
%Millionpeople
%
Total population 8.8 100.0 8.8 100.0
Multidimensional poor 2.5 28.4 2.4 27.6
Vulnerable due to social deprivation
2.5 28.0 2.5 28.9
Vulnerable due to income 0.7 8.0 0.6 6.8
Nuevo León
Multidimensional poverty category
2014 2016
Millionpeople
%Millionpeople
%
Total population 5.0 100.0 5.2 100.0
Multidimensional poor 1.0 20.4 0.7 14.2
Vulnerable due to social deprivation
1.4 28.0 1.8 34.6
Vulnerable due to income 0.5 9.1 0.3 5.3
Oaxaca
Multidimensional poverty category
2014 2016
Millionpeople
%Millionpeople
%
Total population 4.0 100.0 4.0 100.0
Multidimensional poor 2.7 66.8 2.8 70.4
Vulnerable due to social deprivation
0.9 23.3 0.8 19.9
Vulnerable due to income 0.1 2.1 0.1 2.3
Chiapas
Multidimensional poverty category
2014 2016
Millionpeople
%Millionpeople
%
Total population 5.2 100.0 5.3 100.0
Multidimensional poor 4.0 76.2 4.1 77.1
Vulnerable due to social deprivation
0.8 15.3 0.7 13.8
Vulnerable due to income 0.1 2.5 0.1 2.7
SOURCE: CONEVAL
Evolution of poverty in selected federative entities
Ciudad de México
27.6%
28.9%6.8%
36.7%
Nuevo León
14.2%
34.6%
5.3%
45.9%
Chiapas Oaxaca
70.4%
19.9%
2.3% 7.4%
77.1%
13.8%
2.7% 6.4%
Multidimensional povertycategory
Multidimensional poor
Vulnerable due to social deprivation
Vulnerable due to incomeNot multidimensional poor and not vulnerable
2016
SOURCE: CONEVAL
Main indicators of deprivation
National
Main indicators of deprivation
2014 2016
Million people % Million people %
Educational gap 22.4 18.7 21.3 17.4
Access to health services 21.8 18.2 19.1 15.5
Access to social security 70.1 58.5 68.4 55.8
Quality and spaces of the dweling
14.8 12.3 14.8 12.0
Access to basic services in the dwelling
25.4 21.2 23.7 19.3
Access to food 28.0 23.4 24.6 20.1
SOURCE: CONEVAL
As part of themultidimensional povertymeasurement, CONEVAL presentstoo, the mainindicators of deprivation
Main indicators of deprivation by selected federative entities
Ciudad de México
Main indicators of deprivation
2014 2016
Millionpeople
%Millionpeople
%
Educational gap 0.8 8.8 0.7 8.4
Access to health services 1.8 19.9 1.7 19.6
Access to social security 4.1 46.3 4.1 47.0
Quality and spaces of the dweling
0.5 5.4 0.5 5.9
Access to basic services in the dwelling
0.1 1.7 0.2 2.1
Access to food 1.0 11.7 1.0 11.5
Chiapas
Main indicators of deprivation
2014 2016
Millionpeople
%Millionpeople
%
Educational gap 1.6 30.7 1.5 29.0
Access to health services 1.1 20.7 0.8 15.0
Access to social security 4.3 82.8 4.3 81.1
Quality and spaces of the dweling
1.4 26.9 1.3 24.5
Access to basic services in the dwelling
3.0 57.4 2.8 52.3
Access to food 1.4 27.5 1.0 19.4
Nuevo León
Main indicators of deprivation
2014 2016
Millionpeople
%Millionpeople
%
Educational gap 0.5 10.8 0.6 10.7
Access to health services 0.7 13.7 0.7 13.3
Access to social security 1.7 33.4 1.7 33.6
Quality and spaces of the dweling
0.2 4.6 0.3 5.0
Access to basic services in the dwelling
0.2 4.3 0.1 2.7
Access to food 0.7 14.2 0.7 14.4
Oaxaca
Main indicators of deprivation
2014 2016
Millionpeople
%Millionpeople
%
Educational gap 1.1 27.2 1.1 27.3
Access to health services 0.8 19.9 0.6 15.9
Access to social security 3.1 77.9 3.2 77.9
Quality and spaces of the dweling
1.0 24.5 1.1 26.3
Access to basic services in the dwelling
2.4 60.5 2.5 62.0
Access to food 1.4 36.1 1.3 31.4
SOURCE: CONEVAL
ENIGH 2016: Statiscal and operational design
Reference period
Sampledesign
Unit of observation
2016Probabilistic
model*
Thehousehold
and themembers
2 400interviewersand heads of interviewers
81 515 households
August to november
2016
• National• Federal
entity**• Urban• Rural
Field workstaff
Nationalsample size
Gatheringperiod
Geographiccoverage
*By stratified clusters in two stages**Urban: Localities of 2 500 and more inhabitants, Rural: Localities less than 2 thousand 500 inhabitants
ENIGH 2016: Total current income quarterly
► Main sources of income:
Work income
Income from transfers
Estimated rent value of ownhome
Income from assets
Others currents income
64.3%15.6%
11.3% 8.8% 0.1%
SOURCE: INEGI. National Survey of Household Income and Expenditures 2016.
ENIGH 2016: Average quarterly current income per deciles
DECILES PERHOUSEHOLDS
ENIGH 2016(USD)
National 2 481
I 436
II 758
III 1 009
IV 1 256
V 1 537
VI 1 858
VII 2 263
VIII 2 847
IX 3 842
X 9 006SOURCE: INEGI. National Survey of Household Income and Expenditures 2016.
• The households of the first decil had an averageincome of 436 dollars:
• Represents 4.84 dollars per day
• And approximately 1.97 dollars a day per recipiet
• For tenth-decile households, this average incomewas 9,006 dollars:
• Represents 100.06 dollars per day
• Implies almost 40.84 dollars a day per recipiet
ENIGH 2016: Total current expenditure quarterly by big items of expenditure
► The estimated of total current expenditure quarterly in ENIGH 2016 was 942 billion pesos:
Beverages and food
Transportation and communications
Education and recreation
Housing and services
Personal care
Cleaning and care of the house
Dress and footwear
Expenditure Transfers
Health
35.2%
19.3%12.4%
9.5%
7.4%
5.9% 4.6%2.9% 2.7%
Food and beverages: Food, beverages and tobacco. Transportation and communications: Transportation; acquisition, maintenance, accessories and services for vehicles;communications. Dress and footwear: Dress and footwear. Housing and services: Housing and conservation services, electric energy and fuels. Cleaning and care of house: Articlesand services for cleaning, home care, household goods and furniture, glassware, household utensils and whites. Health: Health care. Education and recreation: Education services,educational articles, recreational items and other entertainment expenses. Personal care: Personal care, accessories and personal effects and other miscellaneous expenses.Expenditure Transfers: Expenditure Transfers .
SOURCE: INEGI. National Survey of Household Income and Expenditures 2016.
ENIGH 2016: Average quarterly current income by household by urban-rural federative entity (USD)
SOURCE: INEGI. National Survey of Household Income and Expenditures 2016.
4 854
3 785
3 550
3 421
3 374
3 143
3 109
2 931
2 843
2 833
2 785
2 784
2 708
2 706
2 649
2 648
2 628
2 582
2 466
2 409
2 398
2 393
2 386
2 354
2 320
2 121
2 120
2 099
1 997
1 887
1 884
1 685
1 683
1 765
1 694
1 791
1 941
1 617
2 234
2 388
1 881
1 847
1 535
1 387
1 894
1 480
1 809
1 743
1 475
1 531
1 568
1 346
1 570
1 484
1 448
1 283
1 717
1 541
1 227
1 291
1 183
1 351
1 536
1 085
1 046
753
Nuevo León
Ciudad de México
Guanajuato
Querétaro
Sonora
Baja California
Baja California Sur
Jalisco
Sinaloa
Quintana Roo
Nacional
Aguascalientes
Tamaulipas
Chihuahua
Colima
Campeche
Nayarit
Coahuila de Zaragoza
San Luis Potosí
México
Yucatán
Tabasco
Zacatecas
Durango
Morelos
Puebla
Hidalgo
Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave
Michoacán de Ocampo
Tlaxcala
Oaxaca
Guerrero
Chiapas
Urban Rural
22
FEDERATIVE ENTITIES WITH HIGHER AND LOWER AVERAGE QUARTERLY CURRENT INCOME BY URBAN – RURAL HOUSEHOLD (USD)
ENIGH 2016: Average quarterly current income by household by selected federative entities
SOURCE: INEGI. National Survey of Household Income and Expenditures 2016.
4 854
3 7853 550
3 421 3 374
1 997 1 887 1 8841 685 1 6831 765 1 694 1 791
1 941
1 6171 351
1 536
1 085 1 046753
Nuevo León Ciudad deMéxico
Guanajuato Querétaro Sonora Michoacán deOcampo
Tlaxcala Oaxaca Guerrero Chiapas
Entities with higher income Entities with lower income
Urban Rural
23
ENIGH 2016: Distribution of expenditure (total) by selected federative entities
Ciudad de México
32%
17%13%
13%
7% 6%
4%4% 3%
Chiapas
Nuevo León
29%
24%15%
10%
8%
6%4% 2% 2%
Oaxaca
41%
16%
11%
8%
7%
7%5% 3% 2%
45%
16%
9%
7%
6%6%
5% 3% 2%
Beverages and food
Transportation and communications
Education and recreation
Housing and services
Personal care
Cleaning and care of the house
Dress and footwear
Expenditure Transfers
Health
SOURCE: INEGI. National Survey of Household Income and Expenditures 2016.
At INEGI´s website: www.inegi.org.mx all products related to ENIGH 2016 are available in
the next link:
http://www.beta.inegi.org.mx/proyectos/enchogares/regulares/enigh/nc/2016/default.html
• Questionnaires
• Methodological documents
• Topics, categories and variables.
• Additions and modifications.
• Sampling design.
• Data validation criteria.
• Field work reports.
• Main results
• Basic tabulations.
• Microdata files
• Getting to know the databases.
Access to ENIGH 2016 data