The skeletal system
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Transcript of The skeletal system
The Skeletal System The Skeletal System “Bones” (basically)“Bones” (basically)
Here we go…
Disclaimer: There are pictures in this presentation you will not be able to find, others you will. Make note of the information and move on.
The Functions of Bones The Functions of Bones
•Support
•Storage (Fat, minerals: Phosphorous, Calcium)
*why is the calcium so important?
•Movement
•Protection
•Blood Cell Formation
Classification of Bones Classification of Bones
Spongy Bone Compact Bone Spongy BoneSpongy Bone
Classification: Bone Shapes Classification: Bone Shapes
Long Bones:Long Bones: Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Humerus, Radius and Ulna
*What's wrong with this bone?
Classification: Bone ShapesClassification: Bone ShapesShort BonesShort Bones: Wrist
Ex:Ex: Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate & Hamate Easy way of remembering this order?
“Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cant Handle” (Get your minds out of the gutter)
Classification: Bone ShapesClassification: Bone Shapes
Irregular bonesIrregular bones
Vertebrae
Pelvis
Vertebrae
Classification: Bone ShapesClassification: Bone ShapesFlat BonesFlat Bones
*Would the Shoulder bladeShoulder blade aka ScapulaScapula be considered a flat bone?
Ribs and Sternum
Skull
Ribs and Sternum
Skull
Ribs and Sternum
Skull
Ribs and Sternum
Bones a Closer Look Bones a Closer Look Things of interest:Things of interest:
Periosteum
Haversian Canals
Volkmann's Canals
Osteons
Lacuna & Osteocytes
Matrix
Bones a Closer LookBones a Closer LookThings of Things of interest:interest:
Periosteum
Haversian Canals
Volkmann's Canals
Osteons
Lacuna & Osteocytes
Matrix
Closer Look: Long BoneCloser Look: Long BoneEpiphysisEpiphysis: Cartilage covers both ends Contains Spongy bone
DiaphysisDiaphysis (the shaft): Composed of mainly compact bone with a hollow cavity
Medullary CavityMedullary Cavity: Stores fat and marrow that produces blood cells
Yellow MarrowYellow Marrow: Fat storage
Red MarrowRed Marrow: Produces Blood Cells stimulated by Erythropoietin (EPO)
Closer look: Development Closer look: Development Embryo:Embryo: Bone is mainly Hyaline cartilage
Fetus:Fetus: Cartilage is replaced with Bone. Bone grows in lengths.
Child:Child: Cartilage is mostly found on the proximal and distal ends. Bone grows in Width. Epiphyseal Epiphyseal plateplate is still cartilage. What do you think happens to the
Epiphyseal plateEpiphyseal plate as an ADULT?
Fractures Fractures
1) The bone is broken, blood vessels are ruptured and a Hematoma (blood clot) forms
2) Fibrocartilage and spongy bone form with new blood vessels growing into the area
Fractures Fractures
3) Bone starts to replace the Fibrocartilage and a Bony “Callus” is formed
4) Bone is “remodeled” due to stresses and form a strong patch
Fractures Fractures
Collar bone (clavicle) 3-8 weeks
Shoulder blade (scapula) 6 weeks
Ribs 4 weeks
Upper arm (Humerus) 4-10 weeks
Lower arm 6 weeks
Wrist 4-12 weeks
Fingers 4-6 weeksPelvis 4 - 6 weeksUpper leg (femur) 12 weeksKnee (patella) 4-6 weeksLower leg (tibia)10-24 weeksAnkle 6 weeks Foot3 - 12 weeksToes3 weeks
Bones and Healing times Bones and Healing times
Types of fractures Types of fractures
Comminuted:Comminuted:
The Bone breaks into many pieces
*Seen in the elderly due to brittleness of bones*
Types of fracturesTypes of fractures
Compression:Compression:
Bone is CRUSHED
Types of fracturesTypes of fractures
Depressed:Depressed:
Broken Bone portion is pressed inward
What does that LOOK like?
Types of fracturesTypes of fractures
Impacted:Impacted:
Broken bone ends are forced into one another
Types of fracturesTypes of fractures
Spiral: Spiral:
Bone is twisted excessively and a ragged break occurs
I found some videos of this type of break but I didn’t want anyone vomiting class.
Spiral: Spiral:
Bone is twisted excessively and a ragged break occurs
Types of fracturesTypes of fractures
Greenstick:Greenstick:
Bone breaks incompletely
*common in children* ~why~?