The Skeletal and Muscular Systems Chapter 13 Sections 2 and 3.
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Transcript of The Skeletal and Muscular Systems Chapter 13 Sections 2 and 3.
![Page 1: The Skeletal and Muscular Systems Chapter 13 Sections 2 and 3.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b077f8b9ab0599889b2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Skeletal and Muscular Systems
Chapter 13 Sections 2 and 3
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The Skeletal System
Five functions:1. Provides shape and support2. Enables you to move3. Protects your organs4. Produces blood cells5. Stores mineral and other materials
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Backbone
a.k.a Vertebral ColumnMade of 26 bones (vertebrae)
Joint: where two bones come together
Joints allow bones to move in different ways
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Backbone
![Page 5: The Skeletal and Muscular Systems Chapter 13 Sections 2 and 3.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b077f8b9ab0599889b2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
LigamentsConnective tissue that
holds bones together
CartilageConnective tissue that
is more flexible than bone
Covers the ends of the bones
Prevents friction
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Bones are Living!Bones grow and develop over timeBones have an outer membraneBlood and nerves enter the bone through this
membrane
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Layers of boneCompact bone: Dense, but not solidSpongy bone: Has many small spacesMarrow: fills large spaces in the bone
Red marrow produces blood cellsYellow marrow stores fat (energy reserve)
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Layers of bone
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Bone characteristicsBones are…
StrongLightweightHard (contain phosphorus and calcium)Continually forming new bone tissue throughout your life
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Keeping your bones healthyEat a balanced diet (get enough calcium!)Exercise regularlyAs you age, you lose minerals
This can lead to osteoporosis
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The Muscular System
.• You have more than 600 active muscles in your body.
• Voluntary: you control their movements
• Involuntary: move without your conscious control
• 3 types of muscle [smooth, skeletal, and
cardiac.]
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Skeletal Muscle
• Skeletal muscles are attached to your bones
• Tendon: connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
• Skeletal muscles are also called striated muscle because they look striped!
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Skeletal (Striated) Muscle
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Smooth Muscle
• Smooth muscle is involuntary
• Smooth muscle lines many internal organs
• Smooth muscle allows your esophagus and stomach to move and digest your food
http://dante.med.utoronto.ca/skeletalmuscle/publicationpictures4.htm
• Smooth muscle tires less easily than skeletal muscle.
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Cardiac Muscle
• Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart
• Cardiac muscle does not get tired!
http://www.bio.psu.edu/faculty/strauss/anatomy/skel/atlas.htm
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Muscles Contract!
• Muscles work by contracting (getting shorter)
• They cannot stretch out again, so they have to work in pairs.
• After a muscle contracts, it’s partner contracts to stretch the first one out.
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Exercise!
• Exercise makes muscle cells grow wider, thicker, and stronger.
• It helps your flexibility and strength.
• If you get a strain or a cramp, rest the injured muscle to allow it to heal.