The Selection Process of Biomass Materials for Co-Firing and for the Prouction of Bio-Fuels
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Transcript of The Selection Process of Biomass Materials for Co-Firing and for the Prouction of Bio-Fuels
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The Selection Process of Biomass Materials
for Co-firing and for the Production of Bio-
fuels
Dr. Najib Altawell
25 February 2011
BiomassEnergyThe Centre for Energy, Petroleum and Mineral Law and Policy (CEPMLP)
Dundee University
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Agenda
The Problem Selecting Biomass Materials
What kind of Samples?
Possible Solutions
What kind of Methodology will be needed!
Results
Conclusion
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One Of The Oldest Form.Man First FireAs: Energy Source
It has been reported that more than 90% of thetotal biomass of the earth is made up of plants
(Botany on line: Ecosystems, 2003), which
simply means that the selection process oflocating energy sources from biomass materials
originate from plants is vast and complex
procedure
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Questions About Biomass Materials
Viability as a source of energy - For The Purpose Of
Generating Electricity?
Viability as a source of energy For The Combustion
Engines?
Viability as a source of energy For Heating/Cooling
Systems?
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How do you choose the most suitable biomass
materials for Co-firing/Bio-fuel?
What Are The Basis?
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Low cost and easy to produce
Available throughout most of the year
High energy content
Simple to processLess by-products
Climate change
Economic
Political
White Paper drivers
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High in Energy and Low in Cost!In Sweden today, power production with bio-energy systems is more costly than
with fossil energy system
(Gustavsson L., et al. 1998)
* * * *
The methodology proposed can be based on the conclusionfrom various projects/schemes worldwide!
OR
Select your own samples and test aspects related to:
Scientific
Technical
Commercial
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Scientific, Technical, Commercial
Energy Content
MoistureAsh
Combustion Index
Volatile Materials
Nitrogen Emission
Density
Government regulations
Health and environmental aspects & regulations
System
Baseline Methodology
Business ViabilityLand & Water Issues
Supply
Storage
Quality
Emission
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How Many Samples You Will Need To Test?
4, 8, 16, 100, 1,000 or 1,000,000?
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Applicability (Where it will be used?)
Power Stations
Combustion EnginesHeating/Cooling Systems
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Power Stations
Applicable to biomass-fired powergeneration
project activities displacinggrid electricity that:
1. Use 100% coal
2. Have access to biomass but not yet utilised or not yet
selected the appropriate type in relation to economic,energy, process and environment
3. Have less impact (in term of cost) on conversion for
the present power plants
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Biomass Energy Influencing Factors
a. Distance
b. Transportationc. Processing
d. Sorting
e. Storage (Temporary & Permanent)
f. By-products
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Technical & Engineering Issues
Storage period
Milling process
Boiler designs
H
igh volatility & burning period Chlorine & alkali
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1. Biomass availability
2. Methodology
3. Economic feasibility
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Biomass Samples
Corn
Wheat
Miscanthus
Rice
Barley Black Sunflower Seeds
Striped Sunflower Seeds
Niger Seeds
Rapeseed
Rapeseed Meal Switch Grass
Reed Canary Grass
Distiller Dried Corn
Straw Pellets
Apple Pruning
Mapping Biomass Materials
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An Outline
for
Solving The Problem!
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Basic Approach
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Step One (The Base) Step Two Step Three
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METHODOLOGY
Business Factors
BF
Scientific & Technical Factors
S&T
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Collecting Data
SurveyLaboratory Tests
Commercial Environment
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Data From The Commercial
Environment
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What is REA1? Why there it necessary to develop it?What is REA1?
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SAMPLES - S&T FITNESS (100% S&T)
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TOP FIVE S&T FITNESS (100% S&T)
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SAMPLES - BF FITNESS (100% BF)
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TOP FIVE BF FITNESS (100% BF)
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Final top five biomass samples using the
influence of both BFandS&T factors on equalbasis, observing market and business
conditions during April 2009
TOP FIVE (50% BF + 50% S&T)
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Final Four/Five.. Samples
Hybrid SFS
Proportional % (Second Methodology)
Proposed Commercial Fuel
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Biomass Hybrid Fuel (SFS)
The Demand for a New Biomass Fuel
Scenario
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Biomass Hybrid Fuel (SFS)
The SFS Economic Value
Scenario
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Low cost (four/five/... different crops)
Available on the local markets
SFS grades No extra cost for long distance
transportation
Storage and lifecycle
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Results & Conclusion
1. Each factor of BF and S&T within thesurvey method, the accuracy was around
97%2. The average accuracy of BF and S&T
sections is 96%
3. Methodology as a whole, the averageaccuracy is 95%
4. For S&T votes energy first, last nitrogen
emission
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Results & Conclusion
5. Highest fitness for S&T is for rapeseed
(26%), lowest S&T fitness is for switch
grass (6%)
6. BF lowest is for rice and rapeseed meal(~13%), the highest is for rapeseed (~26%)
7. The methodology results showed that
Rapeseed has the highest total final fitness(53%), switch grass and rapeseed meal
received the lowest total final fitness (21%)
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Acknowledgment
2
I Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineeringat Nottingham University:
Professor C. Snape, Dr. Mick Cooper, Professor P.John, Professor B. Azzopardi, Mr. D. Clift
Department of Computer Science at NottinghamUniversity:
Professor David Elliman and Dr. ColinH
iggins.
E-ON:
Dr. Mike Colechin, Dr. Alan Thompson & Mr. Ben Goh.
Results & Conclusion
8. The study has showed that the final topfour biomass samples are: Rapeseed,
Sunflower BS, Niger seed and apple treewood (apple P)
9. From the top four (or five.) biomasssamples, the research outlined anapproach for a new type ofhybrid biomassfuel
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Thank you for listening.
Questions?