The Seesaw Theory Term Paper Theoretical Framework in Nursing Graduate School of Nursing

THE PHILIPPINE WOMEN’S UNIVERSITYGRADUATE SCHOOL

MASTER OF ARTS IN NURSINGIN-CAMPUS (2014-2015)

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK IN NURSING

IVAN DEREK V. WYCOCO, RN

(Term Paper)

“The Seesaw Theory”

Performance

Career GrowthMotivation

(Herzberg Two-Factor Theory)

Ivan V. Wycoco: The Seesaw Theory in Nursing

Hygiene FactorsMotivational

Factors

Neutral form/position

Hygiene and Motivational Factors

Company policies

Achievement

Quality of supervision

Career advancement

Relations with others

Personal growth

Personal life

Job interest

Rate of pay

Recognition

Job security

Responsibility

Working condition


Company policiesQuality of

supervisionRelations with

othersPersonal lifeRate of payJob security

Working conditionAchievement

Career advancement

Personal growthRecognition Job resignation

PerformanceCareer growthMotivation

Negative form


Company policiesQuality of

supervisionRelations with

othersPersonal lifeRate of payJob security

Working conditionAchievement

Career advancement

Personal growthRecognition

Job resignationPerformanceCareer growth

Motivation Positive form

PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF THE THEORY

Ivan Wycoco’s Seesaw Theory approach to nursing was developed inductively from his first hospital work practice experience. The theory was created to give emphasis and knowledge with nursing and is most applicable to nursing management and practice. Ivan’s work inspired by the model, Imogene King’s “Goal Attainment Theory” and used concepts and theories from a number of disciplines in Administration and Management in the development of his theory like “The Two-Factor Theory” of Frederick Herzberg.Although it was intended to guide Nurses in the hospital, it also has growth-producing motivations for employees and prevent lost productivity due to dissatisfaction.



MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS, CONCEPTS, AND RELATIONSHIPS

Assumptions

The Seesaw theory lists several assumptions relating to individuals as

a Nurse and as a human being, nurse-client interactions and nursing

discipline as well. When describing individuals, the model states that (1)

individuals are social, sentient, and rational beings and (2) individuals are

controlling, purposeful, action oriented, and time oriented in their behavior

(King, 1995).

In terms of nursing, Ivan used the modern definition of nursing that the

unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the

performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery that he

would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge,

and to do this in such a way to gain independence as rapidly as possible.


Concepts

Ivan’s Seesaw theory defines the metaparadigm concepts

of nursing as well as a number of additional concepts.


Concept

Definition

Individuals

Social beings who are rational and sentient. Humans communicate their thoughts, actions, customs, and beliefs through language. Persons exhibit common characteristics such as the ability to perceive, to think, to feel, to choose between alternative courses of action, to set goals, to select the means to achieve goals, and to make decisions.

Nursing

A process of action, reaction, and interaction whereby nurse and client share information about their perceptions in the nursing situation. The nurse and client share specific goals, problems, and concerns and explore means to achieve a goal.


Interaction

A process of perception and communication between person and environment and between person and person represented by verbal and nonverbal behaviors that are directed.

Environment

The background for human interactions. It is both external to, and internal to, the individual.

Motivation

The desire to learn; the condition of being eager to act or work; the force or influence that causes something to do something.


Relationships

Ivan’s Seesaw theory encompasses a great many relationships, many of them complex. Ivan has broken these into useful propositions that enhance the understanding of the relationships of the theory. The following is a review of some of the relationships among concepts of the theory. Nurse and patient are purposeful interacting

systems. Nurse and client perceptions, judgments, and

actions, if congruent, lead to goal directed transactions.

Nurses’ desire jobs that are meaningful, provide them with the opportunity to be personally responsible for the outcome of their work (autonomy), and provide them with feedback of the results of their efforts (Hackman & Oldman, 1976).


If there is a discrepancy between the extent to which a job provides these three outcomes and an employee’s need for these outcomes, the employee will be less likely motivated.

A discrepancy between an employees’ needs, values, and wants, and what a job offers can also lead to low levels of motivation and satisfaction (Morris & Campion, 2003).

Goal setting influences a person’s behavior by directing energy and attention, sustaining effort over time, and motivating the person to develop strategies for goal attainment.


USEFULNESS

Ivan’s theory approach was constructed to be useful to nursing and is most applicable to nursing management and practice, with the driving force for it being in nursing education, information and materials used in Ivan’s theory were from other discipline as well. The theory is useful for nursing practice and education. PARSIMONY

The conceptual system was presented together in several versions and writings from other discipline. The theory is open for revision, update, and enhancement for future reference and guide. It is not parsimonious, having numerous concepts, however, mirrors the complexity of matter of the model. The model is general and universal and can be umbrella for more than one theory and future reference.


VALUE IN EXTENDING NURSING SCIENCE

In addition to application in practice, Ivan’s Seesaw theory can be a basis for development of several nursing theories and other discipline as well. For example, the theory of Goal Attainment was used by Rooda (1992) to develop a model for multi-cultural nursing practice. King’s systems Framework was reportedly used by Alligood and May (2000) and so on. The Two-Factor Theory believed that job-related factors could be job-related elements that result from but do not involve the job itself.

In addition, monitoring job satisfaction is important. The effects of many human resource strategies are examined with respect to their impact on job satisfaction.

The Seesaw Theory Term Paper Theoretical Framework in Nursing Graduate School of Nursing

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