1. ROLE OF IMPROVED SEED INROLE OF IMPROVED SEED IN TRANSFORMINGTRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE IN INDONESIAAGRICULTURE IN INDONESIA Erizal JamalErizal Jamal Indonesian Institute for Agriculture Technology Transfer, IAARD,Indonesian Institute for Agriculture Technology Transfer, IAARD, Ministry of AgricultureMinistry of Agriculture

2. Rice Rice Rice Palm oil fruit Palm oil fruit Palm oil fruitMaize Maize Maize Coconuts Coconuts Coconuts Natural rubber Natural rubber Natural rubber Cassava Cassava Cassava Cocoabeans Cocoabeans Coffee Coffee Coffee Groundnuts Groundnuts Sugarcane Sugarcane SugarcaneOthers Others Others 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1990 2000 2008 % Composition of crop area, in Indonesia 1990-2008 3. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 2005 2008 2010 2005 2008 2010 2005 2008 2010 Rice Maize Soybeans 000 tonnes Certified-CBN Certified-BLBU Certified-Price subsidy Certified-Market purchased Non-certified Provision of certified seeds for rice, maize and soybeans, 2005, 2008 and 2010 4. Governor Prov. agency of Agr. DG of Food Crops DG of Seeds Research Center/BATAN/Univ. ICFORD BBI BS-FS BBU FS-SS BBP SS-ES Breeders SS-ES BPSB SOEs BS-FS-SS TRADERS-DISTRIBUTORS-RETAILERS FARMERS FARMERS FARMERS ES SS ES ES ES ES ES SS FS BS BS/FS BS BSBS Official Rice Seed Procurement and Distribution 5. The Main Problems of Seed Industry in Indonesia 1. Inconsistency Policy in Seed Production and distribution process. 2. Decentralization of Seed Production and Distribution (Most of Parent Seed Center and Main Seed Center in provincial and district level are not working well). 3. There are Variation of Willingness to use of certificate seed among the farmers that planted Rice, Maize and Soybeans. 6. The Parent Seed Center (BBI) Condition, 2012 Aceh Sumut Riau Kepri Sumbar Jambi Bengkulu Sumsel Babel Lampung Banten DKI Jkt Jabar Jateng Jatim Bali NTB NTT Kalbar Kalteng Kalsel Kaltim Sulut Sulsel Sultra Sulbar Sulteng Gorontalo Maluku Maluku Utara Papua Papua Barat DIY : 0-25 % active (4 Province) : >75% active (22 Province) : > 25-75% active (6 Province) : No Data (19%) 7. The Main Seed Center (BBU) Condition, 2012 Aceh Sumut Riau Kepri Sumbar Jambi Bengkulu Sumsel Babel Lampung Banten DKI Jkt Jabar Jateng Jatim Bali NTB NTT Kalbar Kalteng Kalsel Kaltim Sulut Sulsel Sultra Sulbar Sulteng Gorontalo Maluku Maluku Utara Papua Papua Barat DIY : 0-25% active (7 Province) : >75% active (16 Province) : > 25-75% active (7 Province) : No data (2 Province) 8. Problem and Policies in Rice SeedProblem The percentage of farmers that use certified Seed is around 50%. Need around 5-10 years the seed dissemination (the farmers accepted new Rice varieties). Policies Introduction of new rice variety through Integrated Crop management (Demo Plot ) Develop Extension Seed Management Unit (UPBS) 9. Ministry of Agriculture House of Parliamen t House of Parliamen t MediaMedia AcademicsAcademicsNGOsNGOs Major District Agricultural Services Farmer Organizations Farmer Organizations Provincial, Agricultural Services Governor Directorate General of Food Crops Seed IndustrySeed Industry Sub District / Extension Office Sang Hyang Seri PT. Pertani Private Sectors Ministry of Finance Breeder Farmer Inputs/feeds from stakeholders law enactment process: drafting, submission, approval, certification Pressure from stakeholders to government and parliament coordination, input and feedback Actors and Players The Direct Superior Seed Aid (BLBU) Program in Indonesia 10. Ministry of Agriculture House of Parliament House of Parliament MediaMedia AcademicsAcademicsNGOsNGOs Major District Agricultural Services Farmer Organizations Farmer Organizations Provincial, Agricultural Services Governor Directorate General of Food Crops Seed IndustrySeed Industry Sub District / Extension Office Sang Hyang Seri PT. Pertani Private Sectors Ministry of Finance Breeder Farmer Level of Influence of actors and players in The Direct Superior Seed Aid Program in Indonesia 4 3 2 3 5 443 664 5 2 2 4 33 222 1 11. Problem and Policies in Maize Seed Problem Farmers tend to invest more on seed purchasing for maize cultivation mainly due to increase of seed price, risk from climate change and seed shortage. Policies Strengthening seed production through Establish Maize Seed Village 12. Problem and Policies in Soybean Seed The Problems: Centralization of Seed Production (Since BS-FS-SS- ES). Dormancy period of soybeans seed is Short (5-6 Months) Time for Seed Distribution is Limited Policies Decentralization of seed production process (lesson learn from Farmers-private sector partnership in Black Soybeans Production) 13. Policy Recommendation for Seed Industry There are Three factors that influence the development of seed industry in Indonesia The Quality of Seed The willingness the farmer to use the seed Stock seed in the market 14. Policy Recommendation for Seed Industry The Policies Recommendation that need to formulate are: Process of producing the seed that meet with six criteria (place, quality, price time, type, quantity) The promotion process that increase the willingness the farmer to use the seed The process of seed production that guarantee the availability of Seed in the market (stock of Seed) 15. CONCLUSION The government need to formulate a consistent Policy in Seed Production and distribution process. Regulations on seeds had not been able to encourage seed industry development. It gave impact on low use of certified seed. Implications relates to low usage of certified seeds were: (i) socialization, demonstration plots of certified seeds needed to be enhanced; (ii) The role of BPSB and infrastructure and other supporting facilities needed to be more improved; (iii) A regulation on informal seed breeder (local breeder), (iv) A review on patent right was required, as only large companies had access to obtain patent rights. 16. STRATEGI JANGKA MENENGAH DAN PANJANG lanjutan 6. Penguatan kelembagaan pengelola alih teknologi (SDM ,Sarana dan tata aturan): (a) Penambahan personil untuk berbagai keahlian (IT, Marketing, Management, Hukum, Pertanian/Perikanan), (b) Diklat jangka pendek dan panjang untuk bidang technology transfer management, IPR (drafting dokumen), dll, (c) Menyusun Panduan HKI, alih teknologi, valuasi invensi, verifikasi lisensi dan PPPs, dan (d) Mengusulkan revisi Permentan 67 Tahun 2012 terkait penetapan besaran royalti, dan pemanfaatannya.