The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal ... Second Report on the State of the World's...
Transcript of The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal ... Second Report on the State of the World's...
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview – CGRFA/WG-AnGR-8/14/2 Preparation of The second report on the State of the World’s
Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture CGRFA/WG-AnGR-8/14/Inf.2 Part 1 & 2; Part 3; Part 5
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Contents
Introduction
Resource mobilization
Timeline
Structure of the Second Report
State of development
Outcomes and highlights
Next steps
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Introduction
The Commission requested FAO in April 2013:
• to prepare the Second Report, focusing on changes since the preparation of the first report
• to review the budget, with a view to increasing the proportion covered by Regular Programme resources
• and endorsed draft questionnaire for collecting national data
Resource mobilization
• Regular Programme contribution increased to nearly 70% of the total budget
• Increased efforts to mobilize extra-budgetary resources
• Numerous in-kind contributions by authors, reviewers, interns and others
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Timeline 04/2013 Request by Commission 07/2013 Questionnaire for collecting national data finalized 08/2013 FAO Member Nations, Non-Member Nations and 69 international organizations invited to prepare reports based on standardized questionnaire
09/2013 National Coordinators invited to report on countries’ legal and policy frameworks 11/2013 African National Coordinators received training in country report preparation
12/2013 46 reports received on countries’ legal and policy frameworks
01/2014 Electronic questionnaires made available in English/French/Spanish 06/2014 129 country reports; 4 reports from RFPs/networks & 15 international organizations received data loaded to relational database
06 – mid 11/2014 data analysis & drafting of Part 1, 2, 3, 5
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Thematic studies 1. Patent Landscape Report on Animal Genetic Resources by World Intellectual
Property Organization
2. Ecosystem services provided by livestock species and breeds, with special consideration to the contributions of small-scale livestock keepers and pastoralists, Background Study Paper 66
Other documents
1. Synthesis progress report on the implementation of the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources – 2014
CGRFA/WG-AnGR-8/14/Inf.5
2. Status and trends of animal genetic resources – 2014
CGRFA/WG-AnGR-8/14/Inf.4
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Structure of the Second Report Part 1 The state of livestock diversity
Section A: Origin and history of livestock diversity
Section B: Status and trends of animal genetic resources
Section C: Flows of animal genetic resources
Section D: Roles, uses and values of animal genetic resources
Section E: Animal genetic resources and resistance to disease
Section F: Threats to livestock genetic diversity
Section G: Livestock diversity and human nutrition
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Structure of the Second Report Part 2 Livestock sector trends
Section A: Drivers of change in the livestock sector
Section B: The livestock sector’s response
Section C: Effects of the changes in the livestock sector on animal genetic resources and their management
Section D: Livestock sector trends and animal genetic resources management – conclusions
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Structure of the Second Report Part 3 The state of capacities
Section A: Institutions and stakeholders Section AB: Characterization, inventory and monitoring Section B: Breeding programmes Section C: Conservation programmes Section D: Reproductive and molecular biotechnologies Section E: Legal and policy frameworks
[Part 4 The state of the art] [ Section A: Basic concepts] [ Section B: Surveying, monitoring and characterising] [ Section C: Molecular markers – a tool for exploring genetic diversity] [ Section D: Breeding programmes] [ Section E: Conservation] [ Section F: Developments in the economics of AnGR use and conservation]
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Structure of the Second Report Part 5 Needs and challenges
Section A: Challenges posed by livestock sector trends
Section B: Characterization and monitoring
Section C: Sustainable use and development
Section D: Conservation
Section E: Policies, institutions and capacity-building
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
State of development • Parts 1, 2, 3, 5 drafted and made available to the ITWG-AnGR8
• Each section ends with changes since 2005, conclusions and/or research priorities
• Currently illustrated with • 112 tables
• 56 figures
• 74 boxes
• 16 sections of Parts 1, 2, 3 reviewed or being reviewed
• Part 4: early drafts of 5 sections prepared
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Infrastructure Stakeholderparticipation
Education Research Knowledge Awareness Laws Policies Policyimplementation
Implementation oflaws
Scor
es (a
ggre
gate
d)
Africa Asia Europe & the Caucasus Latin America & the Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific
basic/organizational/operational level strategic Level
0–0.5 0.5–1 1–1.5 1.5–2 2–2.5 2.5–3 Low Medium High
Programmes reported (%)
ScoreProgrammes reported (%)
ScoreProgrammes reported (%)
Score
Buffaloes 31 21 81 1.9 62 1.3 52 1.0Horses 62 47 81 2.1 45 0.9 55 0.9Asses 30 16 50 1.3 38 0.6 25 0.4
Dromedaries 14 5 60 0.8 20 0.3 20 0.3Rabbits 43 20 55 1.2 25 0.6 5 0.1Ducks 43 16 63 1.4 50 0.9 13 0.1
Turkeys 31 12 50 1.0 42 0.6 17 0.2Geese 28 12 67 1.6 42 0.7 8 0.1
Guinea fowls 20 6 67 1.0 33 0.7 17 0.2
Species
Number of countries
reporting on existance of conservation programme
In situ conservationEx situ in vivo conservation
Ex situ in vitro conservationNumber of
countries reporting
breeds
Box 3C2. Dyeing sheep wool naturally in 35 colours: indigenous production systems and associated traditional knowledge – a case from Argentina The women of the Qom ethnic group of the province of Formosa, Argentina, practise artisanal handicrafts using wool from the local sheep, which has traditionally been raised in a “backyard” production system. Because of the coarseness of the wool, the items produced include carpets and tapestries. The women and children take responsibility for managing the small animals, while the men attend to the cattle. The flocks are small. Twice a year, the animals are sheared by the women, who collect the wool and process it according to their needs. For generations, Qom women have preserved local knowledge of how to use natural dyes extracted from bark, roots, leaves, fruits and insects. Efforts have been made to identify the natural resources used by the women throughout the handicraft production chain, with the aim of improving the quality and utilization of these materials, and thereby improving the entire production chain and empowering the women. In this way, 35 colours obtained from natural sources and used to dye fibres have been identified. Phenotypic, production and genetic characterization studies, along with studies of population dynamics, are being undertaken in the local sheep population, whose fleeces possess unique characteristics that make them suitable for the type of fabric production for which they have been used for generations. Women’s associations, in the form of artisan centres, have played a participatory and permanent role in the process, evaluating the impact that the interventions are having on their production activities. They have improved the quality of the craft products, and thereby achieved greater market penetration. The process has also contributed to improving the women’s visibility as new social actors and to strengthening their political involvement and participation. Today, the artisan centres lead the innovation of the production process, transforming an artisanal practice associated with the past and the older generations into an innovative and dynamic livelihood activity that involves young people and opens new employment perspectives for the region’s indigenous communities.
Provided by Sebastián de la Rosa.
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section A: Origin and history of livestock diversity
• Latest molecular tools contributed to better understanding of genetic basis of domestication and helped identifying growing list of genes involved in adaptation
• Conservation focuses on diversity generated by breed formation whereas diversity generated by environmental adaption likely to be old in origin and highly relevant to maintenance of future breeding options
Note: (1) turkey, (2) guinea pig, llama, alpaca, Muscovy duck (3) rabbit (4) donkey, (5) taurine cattle, pig, goat, sheep, (6) dromedary, (7) zebu cattle , river buffalo, (8) Bactrian camel, (9) horse, (10) reindeer, (11) yak, (12) pig, (13) chicken, (14) swamp buffalo, (15) Bali cattle.
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity
Section B: Status and trends of animal genetic resources
• Based on national data in DAD-IS
• Based on document Status and trends of animal genetic resources – 2014
CGRFA/WG-AnGR-8/14/Inf.4
• Will be presented in following presentation in more detail
Figure 1B4. Number of local and transboundary breeds at regional level
International transboundary mammalian
Regional transboundary mammalian breeds
Local mammalian breeds
International transboundary avian breeds
Regional transboundary avian breeds
Local avian breeds
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section C: Flows of animal genetic resources
• International flows continued to expand over recent years, possibly increasing rate of growth
• Exchanges still dominated by North–North and North–South exchanges, importers taking advantage of genetic improvements achieved in the world’s most advanced breeding programmes
• Imports of high-output international transboundary breeds from the North into Southern countries increased
• South–South gene flows - often between small number of neighbouring countries – also significant
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
State of development • Parts 1, 2, 3, 5 drafted and made available to the ITWG-AnGR8
• Each section ends with changes since 2005, conclusions and/or research priorities
• Currently illustrated with • 112 tables
• 56 figures
• 74 boxes
• 16 sections of Parts 1, 2, 3 reviewed or being reviewed
• Part 4: early drafts of 5 sections prepared
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Infrastructure Stakeholderparticipation
Education Research Knowledge Awareness Laws Policies Policyimplementation
Implementation oflaws
Scor
es (a
ggre
gate
d)
Africa Asia Europe & the Caucasus Latin America & the Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific
basic/organizational/operational level strategic Level
0–0.5 0.5–1 1–1.5 1.5–2 2–2.5 2.5–3 Low Medium High
Programmes reported (%)
ScoreProgrammes reported (%)
ScoreProgrammes reported (%)
Score
Buffaloes 31 21 81 1.9 62 1.3 52 1.0Horses 62 47 81 2.1 45 0.9 55 0.9Asses 30 16 50 1.3 38 0.6 25 0.4
Dromedaries 14 5 60 0.8 20 0.3 20 0.3Rabbits 43 20 55 1.2 25 0.6 5 0.1Ducks 43 16 63 1.4 50 0.9 13 0.1
Turkeys 31 12 50 1.0 42 0.6 17 0.2Geese 28 12 67 1.6 42 0.7 8 0.1
Guinea fowls 20 6 67 1.0 33 0.7 17 0.2
Species
Number of countries
reporting on existance of conservation programme
In situ conservationEx situ in vivo conservation
Ex situ in vitro conservationNumber of
countries reporting
breeds
Box 3C2. Dyeing sheep wool naturally in 35 colours: indigenous production systems and associated traditional knowledge – a case from Argentina The women of the Qom ethnic group of the province of Formosa, Argentina, practise artisanal handicrafts using wool from the local sheep, which has traditionally been raised in a “backyard” production system. Because of the coarseness of the wool, the items produced include carpets and tapestries. The women and children take responsibility for managing the small animals, while the men attend to the cattle. The flocks are small. Twice a year, the animals are sheared by the women, who collect the wool and process it according to their needs. For generations, Qom women have preserved local knowledge of how to use natural dyes extracted from bark, roots, leaves, fruits and insects. Efforts have been made to identify the natural resources used by the women throughout the handicraft production chain, with the aim of improving the quality and utilization of these materials, and thereby improving the entire production chain and empowering the women. In this way, 35 colours obtained from natural sources and used to dye fibres have been identified. Phenotypic, production and genetic characterization studies, along with studies of population dynamics, are being undertaken in the local sheep population, whose fleeces possess unique characteristics that make them suitable for the type of fabric production for which they have been used for generations. Women’s associations, in the form of artisan centres, have played a participatory and permanent role in the process, evaluating the impact that the interventions are having on their production activities. They have improved the quality of the craft products, and thereby achieved greater market penetration. The process has also contributed to improving the women’s visibility as new social actors and to strengthening their political involvement and participation. Today, the artisan centres lead the innovation of the production process, transforming an artisanal practice associated with the past and the older generations into an innovative and dynamic livelihood activity that involves young people and opens new employment perspectives for the region’s indigenous communities.
Provided by Sebastián de la Rosa.
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity
Section B: Status and trends of animal genetic resources
• Based on national data in DAD-IS
• Based on document Status and trends of animal genetic resources – 2014
CGRFA/WG-AnGR-8/14/Inf.4
• Will be presented in following presentation in more detail
Figure 1B4. Number of local and transboundary breeds at regional level
International transboundary mammalian
Regional transboundary mammalian breeds
Local mammalian breeds
International transboundary avian breeds
Regional transboundary avian breeds
Local avian breeds
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section C: Flows of animal genetic resources
• International flows continued to expand over recent years, possibly increasing rate of growth
• Exchanges still dominated by North–North and North–South exchanges, importers taking advantage of genetic improvements achieved in the world’s most advanced breeding programmes
• Imports of high-output international transboundary breeds from the North into Southern countries increased
• South–South gene flows - often between small number of neighbouring countries – also significant
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section C: Flows of animal genetic resources – cont.
• Small number of Southern countries have become suppliers of genetic resources on a wider scale
• Northern countries do not seem to import more genetic resources from the South
• Many countries concerned about effects of international gene flows on the diversity of their livestock populations
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section D: Roles, uses and values of animal genetic resources
• Conclusions presented in first SoW-AnGR remain valid: – while various livestock functions are gradually being replaced by
alternative sources, use of livestock is very diverse – knowledge of roles is often inadequate and this hampers the
development of appropriate management strategies
• Many country reports indicate changes in use of livestock products and services (most frequently mentioned: decline in use of animal power)
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section D: Roles, uses and values of animal genetic resources Priorities
1. obtain better understanding of roles of particular livestock species and breeds in the livelihoods of poor people, taking into account their products, services, roles in risk management, level of input requirement
2. obtain knowledge of livestock’s impacts on functioning of ecosystems (carbon sequestration, regulation of water cycling, maintenance of soil fertility, provision of wildlife habitats)
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section E: Animal genetic resources and resistance to disease
• Inclusion of genetic elements in disease-control strategies is often prudent and effective decision but far from having reached full potential
• Design and implementation of breeding programmes should consider incorporating productivity and disease resistance as primary traits weighted according to their respective economic values
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section E: Animal genetic resources and resistance to disease
Priority: continued research into genetics of resistance and tolerance particularly of breed-wise resistance in developing countries
– phenotypic characterization to confirm anecdotal observations
– development of simple, accurate and cost-effective approaches for routine collection of phenotypic information
– genetic characterization to understand biological mechanisms for observed disease-resistance traits
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section F: Threats to livestock genetic diversity
• Information far from complete
• Majority of breeds classified as “unknown” and even when breeds are monitored, threats mostly unknown
• Relative significance of different threats difficult to assess because they are interacting in most cases
• Difficult to determine whether particular threats more or less prominent since 2005
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section F: Threats to livestock genetic diversity – cont.
• Major problem reported by (in particular developing) countries: – indiscriminate cross-breeding – weakness of AnGR management programmes, policies and institutions – economic and market-related threats – factors that undermine sustainability of smallholder and pastoralist
production systems – degradation of (or lack of access to) natural resources – climate change (needed: information on breed distributions to enable
advanced planning)
– disease epidemics particularly in African countries • Scope for synergies in efforts to promote AnGR-management, livelihood and
environmental objectives
2050 2070
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section G. Livestock diversity and human nutrition
• Genetics major influence on composition of animal-source foods (both primary foods and their products)
• Foods from different animal species and breeds differ in their macronutrient and micronutrient compositions
• Nutritional differences between foods from most widely used livestock species (cattle, pigs, chickens, sheep and goats) relatively well documented
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section G. Livestock diversity and human nutrition – cont.
• Priority: high-quality studies that include all necessary information on
confounding factors, analytical methods used, have a control group for comparison over larger range of species and breeds targeting wider range of nutrients of public-health concern, vitamin and mineral content
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 2 Livestock sector trends Section A: Drivers of change in the livestock sector
• Livestock sector is undergoing rapid transformations, driven by demand-side and supply-side factors
• Global demand for animal-source foods expected to continue increasing, met by production from large-scale landless systems
• Meat consumption has expanded very fast in Latin America, but future expansion is expected to be strongest in South Asia and Africa
• South Asia and Africa are projected to be main centres of growth in milk consumption
• South Asia and Africa are very resource-constrained regions with many small-scale livestock keepers and pastoralists
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 2 Livestock sector trends Section A: Drivers of change in the livestock sector – cont.
• Physical changes affecting the agro-ecosystems
• Movement of people out of livestock keeping as a livelihood activity and into alternative employment
• Growth of niche markets for various kinds of traditional or ethically produced products
• Increasing use of grazing animals in the management of wildlife habitats
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 2 Livestock sector trends Section B: The livestock sector’s response
• Livestock sector in most developing countries far from homogeneous
• Landless industrialized monogastric production systems are expected to continue growing until 2050 especially in developing countries (potentially reaching 85-95% of monogastric production in 2050)
• Mixed farming and grassland production systems continue to provide a substantial proportion of output
• Small-scale commercially oriented producers contribute significantly to meeting growing demand for food of animal-origin
• Livestock continue to play multiple roles in the livelihoods of many poor people
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 2 Livestock sector trends Section C: Effects of the changes in the livestock sector on animal genetic
resources and their management
• Growth in demand main is driver of change creating major challenges for the sustainable use of AnGR
• Knowledge of breed characteristics remains inadequate: ensuring that breeds and crosses are well-matched to their environments
• Rapid change may lead to rapid disappearance of the existing role of breeds
… but livestock biodiversity is the resource – to adapt production systems to future changes – source of resilience in face of greater climatic variability
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 2 Livestock sector trends Section C: Effects of the changes in the livestock sector on animal genetic
resources and their management
Past and predicted future impacts of the drivers of change on animal genetic resources and their management
Notes: Each country provided a score for the level of past and predicted future impact. The scores were converted into numerical values (none = 0; low = 1; medium = 2; high = 3).
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 2 Livestock sector trends SECTION D: Livestock sector trends and animal genetic resources management
– conclusions • Understanding livestock sector trends is a vital element of AnGR management
planning • Policies aimed at supporting the sustainable management of AnGR require
long-term perspective • Increasing number of countries developing national strategies and action
plans for AnGR
Completed and government-endorsed Future priority activity
Completed and agreed by stakeholders Not planned
In preparation No data
Previously endorsed national strategy, action plan is being updated (or new version endorsed)
Preparation is planned and funding identified
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 3 The state of capacities Countries with National Coordinator for the Management of Animal Genetic
Resources (as of July 2014) and that submitted country reports
National Coordinator appointed; country report submitted
National Coordinator appointed, country report not submitted
National Coordinator not appointed, country report not submitted
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 3 The state of capacities Section A: Institutions and stakeholders
Assessment of institutions and stakeholders at regional level
– state and changes 2005 to 2014
Notes: This comparison is based on the country reports of 109 countries that reported to both the first and second SoW-AnGRs. The date 2005 refers to the year in which the last country reports were submitted during the first reporting process (some reports were submitted as early as 2002). Scores: 0=none; 1=low; 2=medium; 3=high. In 2005, laws and policies were treated as a single category, while in 2014 they were scored separately. The 2014 scores for “laws and policies” and “implementation of laws and policies” shown in the table are averages of the scores for policies and the scores for laws.
2005 2014 ∆ 2005 2014 ∆ 2005 2014 ∆ 2005 2014 ∆ 2005 2014 ∆ 2005 2014 ∆ 2005 2014 ∆
Research 0.8 1.5 0.7 1.4 1.6 0.2 2.1 2.3 0.2 1.6 1.8 0.2 1.2 1.8 0.6 0.8 0.4 -0.4 1.4 1.7 0.3Knowledge 0.7 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.8 0.5 2.2 2.3 0.1 1.6 1.7 0.1 1 1.8 0.8 0.6 1.4 0.8 1.4 1.8 0.4Awareness 0.9 1.1 0.2 1.5 1.7 0.2 2.2 2 -0.2 1.6 1.2 -0.4 1 1 0 0.4 1.2 0.8 1.5 1.5 0Infrastructure 1 1.1 0.1 1.4 1.5 0.1 2.1 2.2 0.1 1.8 1.4 -0.4 1.2 1 -0.2 0.8 0.6 -0.2 1.5 1.5 0Stakeholder participation 0.6 1.1 0.5 1 1.5 0.5 2 2.2 0.2 1.4 1.5 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.5 0.3Laws & policies 0.5 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.8 0.6 2 2.4 0.4 1.4 1.1 -0.3 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.2 1.2 1.6 0.4Implementation of laws & policies 0.3 1 0.7 0.9 1.5 0.6 1.8 2.3 0.5 1 0.9 -0.1 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.4 0.5
Africa Asia WorldSouthwest PacificNear & Middle East
Latin America & the Caribbean
Europe & the Caucasus
n = 35 n = 18 n = 109n = 5n = 5n = 16n = 29
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 3 The state of capacities Section AB: Characterization, inventory and monitoring
• Major gaps in the coverage of characterization activities and hence major gaps in knowledge about the characteristics of AnGR
• Major gaps in programmes for monitoring trends in breed population and hence the current risk status of many breeds is unknown
• Lack of funding
• Need for institutional framework for the surveying and monitoring of AnGR
• Discrepancy between reported level of regular population monitoring and level of reporting of breed population data at international level
(78% of national breed population figures in DAD-IS not updated over last 4 years)
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 3 The state of capacities Section B: Breeding programmes
Implementation of breeding tools
in cattle:
evolution between the first and
the second SoW-AnGR
Note: The figure is based on information provided by
the 35 countries (9 OECD and 26 non-OECD)
that provided the relevant information
in both SoW-AnGR reporting processes.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Ani
mal
iden
tific
atio
n
Art
ifici
al in
sem
inat
ion
Bre
edin
g go
al d
efin
ed
Per
form
ance
rec
ordi
ng
Gen
etic
eva
luat
ion
(cla
ssic
app
roac
h)
Ani
mal
iden
tific
atio
n
Art
ifici
al in
sem
inat
ion
Bre
edin
g go
al d
efin
ed
Per
form
ance
rec
ordi
ng
Gen
etic
eva
luat
ion
(cla
ssic
app
roac
h)
Ani
mal
iden
tific
atio
n
Art
ifici
al in
sem
inat
ion
Bre
edin
g go
al d
efin
ed
Per
form
ance
rec
ordi
ng
Gen
etic
eva
luat
ion
(cla
ssic
app
roac
h)
World OECD non OECD
first SoW-AnGR (2005)
second SoW-AnGR (2014)
Percent of national cattle breed populations
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 3 The state of capacities Section C: Conservation programmes
State of development of in vitro gene banks for animal genetic resources
Established
Planned
Not established
No data
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 3 The state of capacities Section D: Reproductive and molecular biotechnologies
Changes in the level of use of reproductive and molecular biotechnologies since 2005 – regional breakdown
Note: The analysis is based on the 103 countries that provided the relevant information during both the first and the second SoW-AnGR processes.
2005 2014 2005 2014
Africa 34 82 88 20 25 20Asia 12 100 100 8 63 100
Southwest Pacific 5 40 60 4 0 25Europe & the Caucasus 31 100 100 17 82 88
Latin America & the Caribbean 15 93 100 9 100 100North America 1 100 100 1 100 100
Near & Middle East 5 100 100 2 50 50World 103 90 94 61 57 64
Regions
%
Embryo transferArtificial insemination
%n n
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 3 The state of capacities Section E: Legal and policy frameworks
Reported progress in the development of legal and policy frameworks since the adoption of the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources
Number of country
reports
Comprehensive framework before GPA
adoption
Progress since GPA
adoption
No progress since GPA
adoption Africa 40 10% 18% 72%
Asia 20 10% 40% 50% Europe and the Caucasus 35 54% 26% 20%
Latin America and the Caribbean 18 11% 6% 83% Near and Middle East 7 0% 14% 86%
North America 1 100% 0% 0% Southwest Pacific 7 14% 0% 86%
Total 128 23% 20% 57%
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 5 Needs and challenges
Since 2007, importance of genetic resources for food and agriculture, including AnGR, highlighted in several major international initiatives and agreements:
• In 2007: Adoption of Global Plan of Action
• In 2010: Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020, including Aichi Biodiversity Targets
• In 2012: CGRFA adopted indicators measuring – state of implementation: process indicators – outcome in terms of AnGR diversity: resource indicators
• In 2012: Rio+20 International Environmental Summit of Nations agreed post-2015 development agenda succeeding Millennium Development Goals
• In 2014: Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization entered into force
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Outcomes and highlights - Part 5 Needs and challenges
Section A. Challenges posed by livestock sector trends
Section B. Characterization and monitoring
Section C. Sustainable use and development
Section D. Conservation
Section E. Policies, institutions and capacity-building
Part 5 provides needs and challenges based on Parts 1-4
and is mainly aimed at policy makers
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Next steps • Finalize draft of Part 4
• Continue management of review process
• Revise sections of Parts 1, 2, 3 based on reviews
• Expand section E and include general adaption
• Review list of additional text boxes (more than 30 invitations pending)
• Produce complete final draft (foreseen for March 2015)
• Receive comments by ITWG-AnGR and CGRFA
• Produce final version for publication
Note: extra-budgetary contribution required for hard copy publication in English and translations to other languages
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Acknowledgements Assistant and editor: Dafydd Pilling
Animal Genetic Resources Branch: Irene Hoffmann, Mateusz Wieczorek, Roswitha Baumung, Paul Boettcher, Badi Besbes, Kafia Fassi-Fihri, Umberto Ciniglio and Gregoire Leroy
National Coordinators and their advisory committees from 129 countries
Database loading and analysis: Gianluca Franceschini, Ekaterina Dorodnykh, Karl Morteo and his team
Interns: Claire-Marie Luitaud, Katherine Hall, Tatiana From, Jessica Miller, Bendik Elstad
Authors: Daniel Martin-Collado, Hans Lenstra , Workneh Ayalew, Victor Olori, Santiago Avendaño, Rudolf Preisinger, Tadelle Mirkena, Pieter Knap, Peter Amer, Kor Oldenbroek, Kerstin Zander, Ken Stalder, Juan Manuel Serradilla, Eduardo Manfredi, Harvey Blackburn, Elzbieta Martyniuk, Gustavo Gutierrez, Pablo Orozco-TerWengel, Doris Rittenschober, Adam Drucker, Dan Leskien, Anni McLeod, WIPO team
The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –
Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014
Acknowledgements Reviewers: Steffen Weigend, Workneh Ayalew, Vlatka Cubric Curik, Vera Matlova, Ruth
Charrondiere, Ramani Wijesinha-Bettoni , Stephen Bishop, Oswin Perera, Oliver Lewis, Olaf Thieme, Joseph L.N. Sikosana, Michèle Tixier-Boichard, Mary Mbole-Kariuki, Marie-Hélène Pinard-van der Laan, Larry Kuehn, Keith Ramsay, Kathiravan Periasam, Jean-Francois Hocquette, Harvey Blackburn, Gigi Manicad, Donagh Berry , Dan Leskien, Chanda Nimbkar, Arthur Mariante, Kor Oldenbroek, Sipke Joost Hiemstra, Harinder Makkar
Contributing textboxes: Yvette De Haas, Tobias Bühlmann, Thi Thuy Le, Tamas Szobolevszki, Talgat Karymsakov, Steve Bishop, Stephane Joost, Sipke Joost Hiemstra, Sajjad Khan, Peer Berg, Olafur Dýrmundsson, N V Phuong, Mr Rekik, Mervi Honkatukia, Maria Rosa Lanari, Loungo Maninki Phiri, Kristaq Kume, Ilse Köhler-Rollefson, Hongjie Yang, Harvey Blackburn, Gemma Henderson, Francisco Javier Navas González, Peta Jones, Elzbieta Martyniuk, Elli Broxham, Dr Pathak, Bédibètè Bonfoh, Cleopas Okore, Catherine Marguerat, Carlos Mezzadra, Bill Lyons, Bess Tiesnamurti, Arthur Mariante, Adam Kade Malam Gadjimi, Jennifer Woodward-Greene, Eirini Kitsara, Sebastián de la Rosa
Donors: Governments of Germany, France, Norway, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland; AU-IBAR (European Union)
…and anybody that I forgot to mention!