APPROXIMATELY 1870-1914

The Second Industrial Revolution

New Products

Use of steel instead of iron- faster lighter machines, electric streetcars and subways

Electricity- energy source that could be transmitted over long distances through wires Generators developed in 1870’s

Light bulb- created by Thomas Edison in U.S. Factories could now operate 24 hours a day

Telephone- Alexander Grahm Bell in 1876Radio waves- Guglielmo Marconi in 1901Internal-Combustion Engine: fired by oil or gasoline

Made ships, airplanes, and cars possible Ford Model T Cars

The Assembly Line

Pioneered by Henry Ford in 1913Each person completed one piece of

production- became very skilled at that jobMore efficient mass production of goodsManufactured goods became cheaper

Two Economic Zones

Advanced Industrialized core: Great Britain, Belgium, France, the Netherlands,

Germany, West Austria-Hungary, Northern ItalyAgricultural Economy:

Southern Italy, Spain, Portugal, the Balkans, Russia, and Austria-Hungary

Working towards a World Economy

Map Pg.76

Karl Marx

Theorist who developed Marxism- a form of socialism

Believed capitalists were oppressors and workers were the oppressed

Proletariat: a term for the working classPredicted a revolution of the proletariat and

the formation of a socialist economyLed to creation of socialist parties such as the

SPD (Social Democratic Party) in Germany

Trade Unions

Workers organized in order to insure good treatment and fair pay.

Unions represented workers and their rightsHad the right to negotiate with employers

over hours and wages, and the right to strike if their needs were not met.