The Scramble for AfricaEurope competes for Empire on the

Dark Continent

Europe Divides Africa

• By the beginning of the 1880s only a small part of Africa was under European rule.

• The causes of the scramble for Africa had more to do with events in Europe than with Africa.

Causes• End of the Slave Trade • Exploration • Henry Morton Stanley• Capitalism • Steam Engines and Iron Hulled Boats • Medical Advances • Politics • Military Innovation

Great Britain

Britain

• Britain acquired the Cape Colony in South Africa. It was an important port on the sea route to India.

• In 1867, the Suez Canal was built.• In 1882, Britain took over administration

of Egypt.• Little by little, Britain occupied the rest

of East Africa

Cecil Rhodes

• Dreamed of building a railroad across Africa.

• Two colonies named after him.

• Diamond mining

France

• Controlled much of West Africa and North Africa.

• Motivated by the loss of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany.

Belgium

• King Leopold II• Personally owned

Congo Free State and used it for ivory and rubber.

• Taken from Leopold in 1908-Belgian Congo

Germany• In 1884, German

South West Africa, Cameroon, German East Africa, and Togo created.

• The Herero and Nama in Southwest Africa revolted against German rule.

The Boer War

• Fought over gold and diamond mines in the Transvaal and Orange Free State

• War lasts from 1899 to 1902.

• Treaty of Vereeniging

Impact of the Boer War

• Britain began to look for allies and improve foreign relations.

• Discovery that 40% of men called up were unfit for duty led to welfare reforms in Britain.

• War made on civilians…Women and children sent to concentration camps.

• What is going on here?

• What was the “white man’s burden?”

• What does this cartoon say about the relationship between Europe and Africa?

The End Result

• Positives: introduced new technologiesimproved transportationintroduced better education systemsintroduced new crops

• Negatives: apartheid

forced laboreconomic exploitationracism