The Scientific RevolutionThe Scientific Revolution

The FoundationsThe Foundations

SocratesSocrates From Ancient GreeceFrom Ancient Greece Great philosopher and Great philosopher and

thinkerthinker Developed the Developed the

Socratic Method Socratic Method

Socratic MethodSocratic Method

Basically, asking Basically, asking questions to answer questions to answer questionsquestions

PtolemyPtolemy

Greek, alive around 168 CEGreek, alive around 168 CECreated a map of the world, (known world Created a map of the world, (known world

at the time)at the time) It was somewhat accurate, but information It was somewhat accurate, but information

on the far east was highly flawed.on the far east was highly flawed.Also spent time creating the “Ptolemaic Also spent time creating the “Ptolemaic

System” a view of a System” a view of a geocentricgeocentric solar solar systemsystem

Ptolemaic SystemPtolemaic System Basic Principal: The Basic Principal: The

Earth is where we live Earth is where we live and where life is, so it and where life is, so it MUST be the focus MUST be the focus because it deserves because it deserves respect.respect.

Everything else must Everything else must circle around itcircle around it

You say you want a new You say you want a new revolution?revolution?

Early ‘science’ based on reasoning, not Early ‘science’ based on reasoning, not true scientific worktrue scientific work

Basically, “I think this is the case because. Basically, “I think this is the case because. . . .”. . .”

The revolution isThe revolution is the change the change FROMFROM reasoning and inductive thought reasoning and inductive thought TOTO observation and deductive thoughtobservation and deductive thought

CopernicusCopernicus

Full Name: Nicholaus CopernicusFull Name: Nicholaus Copernicus When: 1473 – 1543When: 1473 – 1543 Where: Present day PolandWhere: Present day Poland What: Astronomer and MathematicianWhat: Astronomer and Mathematician Significance:Significance:

Developed Developed HeliocentricHeliocentric model of Universe model of Universe Calculated tilt and rotation of earth in relation to sun, Calculated tilt and rotation of earth in relation to sun,

and supported it with math. and supported it with math. Additional support came from observation of stars, Additional support came from observation of stars,

etc.etc.

Copernicus drawbacksCopernicus drawbacks

Math was not simple, it required several Math was not simple, it required several assumptions that, at the time, could not be assumptions that, at the time, could not be proven.proven.

He retained the circular orbit systemHe retained the circular orbit system

Copernicus StrengthsCopernicus Strengths

He did work out his system in full He did work out his system in full mathematical detail, regardless of mathematical detail, regardless of complexitycomplexity

MOST SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONMOST SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION

He combined math AND physics to He combined math AND physics to support his theories, adapting physics to support his theories, adapting physics to conform to his view of the universeconform to his view of the universe

GalileoGalileo

Full Name: Galileo GalileiFull Name: Galileo GalileiWhen: 1564 – 1642When: 1564 – 1642Where: ItalyWhere: ItalyWhat: Astronomer and PhilosopherWhat: Astronomer and PhilosopherSignificance:Significance:

Created theories about bodies in motionCreated theories about bodies in motionPendulumsPendulumsRate of decent (9.8 meters per second squared)Rate of decent (9.8 meters per second squared)All bodies fall at same rateAll bodies fall at same rate

Galileo ContributionsGalileo Contributions

Built his own telescope (first one of its kind)Built his own telescope (first one of its kind) His discovery of the phases of Venus is the one His discovery of the phases of Venus is the one

thing that supported Copernicus’s theories about thing that supported Copernicus’s theories about the Solar System.the Solar System.

Attacked by the church for his support of Attacked by the church for his support of Copernicus’s theories. Copernicus’s theories.

Was forced to recant his writings and spend the Was forced to recant his writings and spend the rest of life under house arrest or die. Recanted.rest of life under house arrest or die. Recanted.

Bringing Home the BaconBringing Home the Bacon

Full Name: Sir Francis BaconFull Name: Sir Francis BaconWhen: 1561 – 1626When: 1561 – 1626Where: EnglandWhere: EnglandWhat: PhilosopherWhat: PhilosopherSignificance:Significance:

Believed scientist should come up with Believed scientist should come up with accurate informationaccurate information

Developed the Developed the Scientific MethodScientific Method