The Scientific Revolution - Mr. Ritchie...
Transcript of The Scientific Revolution - Mr. Ritchie...
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The Scientific Revolution
• In the Middle Ages, the Catholic
Church was the authority on
science.
• Some people began to question
the Church’s authority…
• Francis Bacon stressed the
importance of observation to
figure out how the world works.
• Renee Descartes stressed the
importance of logic to figure out
how the world works.
• Observation and logic would form
the basis of the scientific method!
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• Instead of just
accepting anything the
Church said, people
began to use the
scientific method– State a question or problem.
– Form a hypothesis.
– Conduct an experiment to
test the hypothesis.
– Make careful observations
and collect data.
– Analyze the data to see if
the hypothesis is correct.
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Science Experiment
• Galileo performed a
famous science
experiment at the
Leaning Tower of
Pisa…
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Steps in the Scientific Method
• State a question or
problem.
• Form a hypothesis.
• Conduct an
experiment to test the
hypothesis.
• Make careful
observations and
collect data.
• Analyze the data to
see if the hypothesis
is correct.
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Steps in the Scientific Method• State a question or problem:
Do objects of different weights
fall at the same speed?
• Form a hypothesis:
Objects of different weights
fall at the same speed.
• Conduct an experiment to test
the hypothesis:
Drop a heavy ball and a light
ball from the top of the
Leaning Tower of Pisa to see if
they land at the same time.
• Make careful observations and
collect data:
The two balls landed at the
same time.
• Analyze the data to see if the
hypothesis is correct:
The hypothesis is correct.
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FOUR SCIENTISTS MADE DISCOVERIES
THAT CHANGED THE WORLD
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Used the
telescope to
support
Copernicus’
heliocentric
theory
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Galileo’s Telescope
• Galileo used a telescope to
observe our solar system
• What did Galileo discover with his
telecope? List & draw three
discoveries in your notes.
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• Galileo came to believe that the Earth moves, but the church disagreed with him.
• The church asked “If the Earth is moving, why can’t we feel it?”
• They ordered him to stop his experiments and threatened him with excommunication.
• However, he did not stop. He wanted to find proof.
The Church Response
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The church asked,“If the Earth is moving, why can’t we feel it?”
How did Galileo answer this question?
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In Galileo’s
experiment, the
horse represents
_______________.
The ball represents
_______________.
Galileo’s Horse Experiment
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Where will the ball
land when he drops
it?
It falls straight down
and lands next to
the horse.
Galileo’s Horse Experiment
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Where will the ball land when he
drops it? Will it fall straight down
again?
The ball still lands
next to the horse!
In Galileo’s experiment, the horse moves,
and the ball moves with it!
Therefore, the earth can move, and we move
with it without noticing!
Galileo’s Horse Experiment
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• In 1632, Galileo published a book
called Dialogue on the Two Chief
World Systems
• The book described an imaginary
conversation about the theories of
Ptolemy and Copernicus
– The character that upheld the
geocentric theory was portrayed
as foolish
– The character that believed in the
heliocentric theory was logical
and convincing
• PREDICT: How do you think the
Catholic Church reacted? Why?
Galileo’s Book
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• In 1633, the pope called Galileo to
Rome to face the Roman Inquisition
• The court accused Galileo of heresy
• The court forced him to swear that
the geocentric theory was true
Galileo & The Roman Inquisition …and yet
it moves.
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• Galileo was put under house arrest
for the rest of his life.
• His theories lived on in his books.
The truth could not be silenced!
Galileo & The Roman Inquisition
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Use page 391-392 to make a foldable
• On the outside of each flap, provide a title.
– @ THE CENTER, THE SHAPE OF ORBITS, FALLING OBJECTS, THE
MOON, sun, JUPITER
• On the inside top of each flap, describe and illustrate an
old way of thinking (Aristotle, Ptolemy)
• On the inside bottom of each flap, describe and illustrate a
new way of thinking (Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo)
• Create six flaps! Don’t cut until you finish!!!
Aristotle Copernicus Kepler Galileo
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FOUR SCIENTISTS MADE DISCOVERIES
THAT CHANGED THE WORLD
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What keeps the
moon traveling in
orbit around the
Earth? What keeps
the Earth orbiting
around the sun?
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• Discovered the law of gravity.• All physical objects have a force of attraction
• The strength of the force depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them
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Gravity holds the planets
and moons in orbit
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If there was no gravity…
• Planets would NOT stay in orbit!
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Gravity made you
fall, and it makes the
moon orbit around
the Earth!
Why am I
falling to the
ground?
My three laws of
motion explain
how everything
moves!
Calculus will
help us measure
curves and
irregular shapes!
I will use my
knowledge of
optics to invent
the reflecting
telescope!
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Ocean Tides
• The moon pulls on
the oceans!
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1st Law of Motion• An object at rest will remain at rest
unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
An object in motion continues in motion
with the same speed and in the same
direction unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force.
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2nd Law of Motion
• Acceleration is
produced when a
force acts on a mass.
The greater the mass
(of the object being
accelerated) the
greater the amount of
force needed (to
accelerate the object).
• http://learningcenter.nsta.org/my_l
earning_center/sciguides/files/Hor
izontal-Balloons.swf
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3rd Law of Motion
• For every
action there is
an equal and
opposite re-
action.
http://www.cpo.com/home/po
rtals/2/Media/post_sale_cont
ent/newtons%20third%20law
.swf
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Science & Religion
• Sometimes, religion and
science conflict with
each other…
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The Bible says:• “The world is firmly
established, it cannot be moved.“– Psalm 93:1, Psalm
96:10, and 1 Chronicles 16:30
• “The Lord set the earth on its foundations; it can never be moved." – Psalm 104:5
• "And the sun rises and sets and returns to its place" – Ecclesiastes 1:5
Galileo said:
NO! The Earth
revolves around
the Sun!!!
Religion vs. Science
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Take it back!
Admit that the
Earth does not
move!
OK, OK,
just don’t
torture me!
…and
yet it
moves.
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The Bible says:
• God created the world in seven days
• The first humans were Adam and Eve
Charles Darwin said:
• NO! Science shows us that the world has been around for about 3.8 BILLION years, and we are related to apes
Religion vs. Science
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Science & Religion
• Sometimes, religion and
science coexist just
fine…
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“The most beautiful
system of the Sun, Planets
and Comets could only
proceed from the counsel
and dominion of an
intelligent being. All
variety of created objects
which represent order and
Life in the Universe could
happen only by the willful
reasoning of its original
Creator, whom I call the
Lord God.”
– Isaac Newton
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•Inventions
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Makes distant
objects seem
closer; used
to study the
skies
(astronomy)
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Makes small
objects appear
much larger
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Measures
temperature
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Measures pressure
of the Earth’s
atmosphere
Used to predict
weather
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Things to Remember
1. The scientific method
(hypothesize, observe,
experiment) was
important at this time.
2. The Church struggled
to keep people from
disagreeing with them.
3. Galileo was cool.