THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important...
-
Upload
lenard-justin-freeman -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important...
![Page 1: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THETHE
SCIENTIFIC SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION
EUROPE IN EUROPE IN THE 1500’sTHE 1500’s
![Page 2: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONESSENTIAL QUESTION
What were the What were the important important contributions of contributions of scientistsscientists like Copernicus, like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton Kepler, Galileo, and Newton during the during the Scientific Scientific Revolution?Revolution?
![Page 3: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Scientific Revolution was a time period
(starting in the mid-1500s) in Europe where
new ways of thinking about the natural world
came about
The ideas of the ancient scientists (Greeks and
Romans) and of the Catholic Church were challenged by the new breed of scientists
in Europe
![Page 4: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
During this era of the Scientific Revolution, Europe experienced a time when new ideas in physics, astronomy, biology, and anatomy changed the
ways Europeans viewed the world
![Page 5: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
To prove these new ideas, the scientists
began using the “scientific method”,
which is a logical procedure for
gathering information and testing ideas
![Page 6: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Before the 1500s, science was a mix of
ancient ideas and Church teachings; for
centuries, no one challenged these old
scientific beliefs
But the new ways of thinking in the 1500s
led to a more rational approach to science:
observation, experiments, and
scientific reasoning
![Page 7: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Thinkers used logic and the
scientific method to find
answers to questions
Everything was questioned and
nothing was assumed to be
true; it had to be PROVEN true
![Page 8: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
A TIME OF GREAT CHANGE
It is because of the influences of the major movements in Europe during the 1500s that the
Scientific Revolution came about
The Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, and the Age of
Exploration all made the Scientific Revolution happen
![Page 9: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
REASONS FOR THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONThe Scientific Revolution began in the mid-1500s
because of recent discoveries in other areas
of European life During the Renaissance,
people began to question religious beliefs and
thought that humans could accomplish anything
This belief in the possibilities of human
achievement led to great leaps in science
![Page 10: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Questioning religious beliefs led to people also questioning the Church’s long-held
scientific beliefs
The Protestant Reformation also had
an effect on the Scientific RevolutionBecause of the
Reformation, people questioned the
Catholic Church’s religious beliefs
REASONS FOR THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
![Page 11: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
REASONS FOR THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
The 1500s were also the time of Europe’s Age of Exploration
The discovery of lands previously
unknown to Europeans led
people to search for other “new” things,
such as new scientific ideas
Particularly, explorers were interested in better technology that would help them explore (such as ship-building, navigational devices, and weapons)
![Page 12: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What were some of the key ideas of the Scientific
Revolution?
![Page 13: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
THE HELIOCENTRIC THEORY
![Page 14: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Polish scientist Nicolaus Copernicus proposed that the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun, an
idea known as the “heliocentric theory”
![Page 15: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Before, people believed in the Greek theory that the Sun revolved around the Earth
Copernicus’ idea radically changed Europe’s concept of the universe and
was the foundation of modern astronomy
![Page 16: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Johannes Kepler, a German astronomer and mathematician, proved Copernicus’
theory to be true
![Page 17: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Kepler also proposed that planets move in elliptical orbits (not in perfect circles)
and do not always travel at the same speed around the Sun
![Page 18: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
GALILEO GALILEI
![Page 19: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
GALILEO GALILEI Galileo was one of the most influential scientists of all time
Some of Galileo’s accomplishments: (1) he improved the telescope
(2) He made observations about the Moon and our
Solar system
(3) He created the Law of Inertia and (4) he
perfected the scientific method
![Page 20: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Galileo’s work got him in trouble with the Catholic
Church when he challenged their long-held
scientific beliefs
The theory he challenged was the incorrect geocentric
theory; with this, the Sun and planets all revolve
around the Earth
![Page 21: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Church always taught that God considered humans his greatest creation and made Earth the center of the Universe
Galileo’s teachings completely went against the Church’s beliefs, so he was brought before the Inquisition
![Page 22: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Under the threat of torture, Galileo was
forced to recant (deny) his ideas
about the Sun being at the center
Galileo spent the rest of his life under
house arrest, but his ideas spread and lived on, inspiring future scientists
![Page 23: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ISAAC NEWTON
Isaac Newton was an English scientist who made many
breakthroughs in the field of
physics
![Page 24: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ISAAC NEWTON
Newton discovered and explained the theory of gravity
![Page 25: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
He also studied the physics of motion, heat, and light and created the mathematical field of
calculus to prove his theories
The mythical story of
Newton being inspired by an apple hitting him on the
head
![Page 26: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ANATOMY
![Page 27: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
WILLIAM HARVEY
William Harvey was an English doctor who proved that blood circulates through the body
and is pumped by the heart
![Page 28: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
ANATOMY
![Page 29: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
ANDREAS VESALIUS
Andreas Vesalius studied human anatomy, dissecting human corpses
His work added to European knowledge of the human body for the first time in 150 years; this
marked the beginning of modern medical science
![Page 30: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION SPREADS
thermometer
eyeglasses microscope
Because of these new ideas, new inventions came about
during the Scientific Revolution
![Page 31: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
WHY DOES THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION MATTER TO
YOU?
The Scientific Revolution shaped the world we live
in today; if not for the first steps of those
scientists, the way we live, think, travel,
communicate, and are entertained might be
VERY different
![Page 32: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1500’s ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the important contributions of scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e146/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Originally created byChristopher Jaskowiak
Thanks to Brooks Baggett for some of the slides