Scientific Revolution. Definition of the Scientific Revolution.
The Scientific Revolution
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Transcript of The Scientific Revolution
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THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
World History: Miss Winters
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Causes of the Scientific Revolution
Medieval Intellectual Life Remember.. Thinking sin
caused the Black Death, etc. The Italian Renaissance
System of Patronage gave money to new areas!
Renewed focus on mathematics
Navigational problems of long sea voyages
Better scientific instruments
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New Sciences! 16th-17th century: physics and
astronomy 17th-18th century: chemistry and
biology 16th-18th century: mathematics
New methods of thought going back to Aristotle and Greek/Roman philosopher/scientists Just like the Renaissance did!
Discoveries during exploration led to doubt
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Copernicus (1473-1543) Aim to glorify God Heliocentrism: Believed
in a sun-centered universe Challenged circular orbits Universe of staggering size Earth no different than any
other planet On the Revolutions of
the Heavenly Spheres (1543) Published on his deathbed
due to fear of the Church
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Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Father of the
Scientific Revolution
Emphasis on practical, useful knowledge
New attitude toward nature
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Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Used experimental
method Discoveries using the
telescope supported Heliocentrism
Mathematical formula for acceleration of falling objects Law of inertia
Challenges categories of “form” and “matter”
1633- Church forced Galileo to recant; placed under house arrest
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Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
Planetary motion explained by mathematical formula Elliptical orbits Planets do not
move at uniform speeds in their orbits
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Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
Significance of Doubt
Spatial relationships can be expressed in mathematical formulas
Father of “analytical geometry”
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Isaac Newton (1642-1727) Blends inductive and
deductive methods Argues for a universe
governed by natural laws Laws of Motion!
Principia; Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687)
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Consequences of the Scientific Revolution
Rise of the “Scientific Community”
The modern scientific method
A universe ordered according to natural laws
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Consequences of the Scientific Revolution (cont)
Deism Belief that there is a
God that created the universe
BUT laws of nature, not miracles explain how the world works
Laws discovered by human reason
“De-Spiritualized” and de-mystified the Universe
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Consequences of the Scientific Revolution (cont)