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The Scientific MethodThe Scientific Method
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
The scientific method is a process process that is used to find that is used to find answers to questions answers to questions about the world about the world around us. around us.
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
Is there only one “scientific Is there only one “scientific method”? method”? – No, there are several versions of the No, there are several versions of the
scientific method. scientific method. – Some Some versions have more steps, while versions have more steps, while
others may have only a few. others may have only a few.
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
However, they all begin with the However, they all begin with the identification of a problem or a identification of a problem or a question to be answered based on question to be answered based on observations of the world around us.observations of the world around us.
They also provide an organized They also provide an organized method for conducting and analyzing method for conducting and analyzing an experiment.an experiment.
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
What is a What is a hypothesishypothesis? ?
– It is an educated guess based on It is an educated guess based on observations and your knowledge of observations and your knowledge of the topic.the topic.
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
What is What is datadata??
– It is information gathered during an It is information gathered during an experiment.experiment.
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
Identify the Identify the ProblemProblem– What do you want to What do you want to
know or explain? know or explain? – Use observations Use observations
you have made to you have made to write a question that write a question that addresses the addresses the problem or topic you problem or topic you want to investigate.want to investigate.
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
Form a Hypothesis– What do you think will happen? – Predict the answer to your question or the
outcome of the experiment.
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
Create an ExperimentCreate an Experiment– How will you test your hypothesis? How will you test your hypothesis? – Develop a procedure for a reliable Develop a procedure for a reliable
experiment and address safety rules.experiment and address safety rules.
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
The variable that is changed in an experiment is called the independent variable.
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
The variable that you watch to see how it changes as a result of your changes to the independent variable is called the dependent variable.
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
When graphing data that is collected, the independent variable is plotted on the x-axis (horizontal axis).The dependent variable goes on the y-axis.
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
Perform an Experiment and Collect Perform an Experiment and Collect DataData– Follow the steps in your procedure to Follow the steps in your procedure to
perform your experiment. perform your experiment. – Record data and observations!Record data and observations!
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
Analyze the DataAnalyze the Data– Is the data reliable? Is the data reliable? – Do your data and observations from the Do your data and observations from the
experiment support your hypothesis?experiment support your hypothesis?
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
Is your data inaccurate or the Is your data inaccurate or the experiment flawed?experiment flawed?
If YES, modify the experiment.If YES, modify the experiment.– Rewrite your procedure to address Rewrite your procedure to address
the flaws in the original experiment.the flaws in the original experiment.– Perform the modified experiment and Perform the modified experiment and
analyze the new data.analyze the new data.
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
If the data is reliable, If the data is reliable, communicate the resultscommunicate the results..– Write a conclusion that summarizes the Write a conclusion that summarizes the
important parts of your experiment and the important parts of your experiment and the results.results.
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Assessment QuestionsAssessment Questions
Identify the dependent variable and the independent variable in the following experiments.
Question
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A student tests the ability of a given chemical to dissolve in water at three different temperatures.
independent variable: dependent variable:
Answer
Question 1
Assessment QuestionsAssessment Questions
temperature ability to dissolve in water
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A farmer compares how his crops grow with and without phosphorous fertilizers.
independent variable:
dependent variable:
Answer
Question 2
Assessment QuestionsAssessment Questions
presence of phosphorous fertilizer
crop growth