The Sanscrit Roots of English

8/8/2019 The Sanscrit Roots of English

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SANSKRIT ROOTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

A-, An-:not, without; < Skt. prefix (or upsarga) a- ( as in a-spasht, unclear, a- drishya, invisible, that which cannot be seen) and an- ( as in an-achar,misbehavior, an-ant, endless, that which has no end, an-abhyas, withoutpractice) Derivatives: a-cephalous; a-cheira, a-chira; a-chondroplasia;a-gnostic, a-gnosia; a-gonic; a-graphia; a-mnesia; a-mnesty; a-moral; a-morphous; an-aerobe; an-algesic; an-alphabetic; an-archy; an-arthria;an-emia; an-esthesia; an-hidrosis; an-hydrous; an-ion; an-odyne; an-

onym, an-onymous; an-ura; a-pathy; a-phagia; a-phasia, a-phasic;a-pnea; a-rgon; a-sbestos; a-sphyxia; a-sternal; a-stigmatism; a-sylum;

a-syndeton; a-theist; a-tom; a-trophy. But Not - amoeba; ascetic;asparagus; astronomy; athlete; Anabaptist; anachronism; anagram.

in- as in in -cessant and un- as in un -developed cognate with a , an a and an seen in greek and in and un seen in latin and both gk and latinhave taken from skt. a or anasthenia. deuteranopia; hemianopia; protanopia; tritanopia, anisa is alpha privative; analphabetic, alphabet, hybrid

Abdomen:Ab-do-men, do


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< Skt. √aj, to drive, L. ag-ere, Gm. ag

Acqua:Water, < Skt. aap as in Punjab ( panch-aap : the land of five

rivers), Tal-aab etc.

Acre:< Skt. Ajra , Gm. acker , Lt. ager , Grk. Agros ; Skt. √aj, to drive, L. ag-ere,Gm. ag

Act:process of doing, performing; result of that process.< Skt √aj, to drive;[ME.,


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Skt. Prefix adhi-, above, additional, upon, see advocate

Adjoin:ad-join, adhi- √yuj

Adjunct: ask nanjiad-jun-ct, adhi- √yuj -krtantsomething attached to another in subordinate position

Adjutant: adhi- √yuj -anti??a military officer who does office work and who is responsible for rules

and punishment among the lower ranks. The word< skt. Yu mng. to driveaway, preserve


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√aj

Ambiguity:√aj

Amorallacking morals. < Skt. prefix (or upsarga) a-, not, without; see a, an.

Analphabetic

1. not alphabetical. 2. unable to read, write; illiterate. An- < Skt. prefix(or upsarga) an-, not, without; see a, an. [Gk analphabetos, not know the

alphabet -- an / + alphabetos , alphabet].

Anchor:< Skt. √anch, to bend, curve; L. unc-us, curved, ang-ulus, an angle; AS.Ang-el , a hook.

Anemone:

< Greek, ‘windflower’, apparently because the flowers open when thewind blows (as if the flowers breathe) ,< Skt. √an , to breathe; L.animus,spirit; Goth. Us-anan, to breathe out, expire.

Angle:

< Skt. √anch, to bend, curve; L. unc-us, curved, ang-ulus, an angle; AS.Ang-el , a hook.

Anhydrous

without water. An- < Skt. prefix (or upsarga) an-, not, without; see a, an.[Gk anudros -- a / + hudor ].

Anil, Aniline:< Skt. nili, Port. anil, < Arabic al-nil, indigo ( r. v. d. 131)

Animal:

< Skt. √an , to breathe; L. animus,spirit; Goth. Us-anan, to breathe out,expire.

Animadvert:

Anim-ad-vert, √an-adhi- √vrit , L. animadvertere , < ‘ animus ’ mind +‘ advertere ’ to turn; < Skt. √an , to breathe; L. animus,spirit; Goth. Us- anan, to breathe out, expire; Skt. Prefix adhi -, above, additional, upon;

Skt. √Vrit , to turn, turn oneself, exist, be; L. uert-ere , to turn; Goth.Wairth-an , to become. Gm. Wert, werth . Animadvert means criticize or

censure, i.e. conscious(√an ) process of strongly(adhi) going against(turning to the opposite direction, √vrit )


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Animosity:< Skt. √an , to breathe; L. animus,spirit; Goth. Us-anan, to breathe out,expire.

Antidote:anti-dote medicine given to combat specific poison.


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gem, unslaked lime, from asbestos , unquenchable -- a / + Gk bennunai ,sbes /, to quench].

Asphyxia

condition of extreme decrease in oxygen along with an increase of carbon

dioxide leads to unconsciousness or death. A- < Skt. prefix (or upsarga) a-, not, without; see a, an. [NL,


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< skt. √Vrit , to turn, turn oneself, exist, be; L. uert-ere , to turn; Goth.Wairth-an , to become. Gm. Wert, werth

Avouch

√vach

Awl:tool for pricking, < Skt. aara, Dutch aal, Gm. ahle, Lith. yla (rvd 131)

AxiomSkt. √aj, to drive, L. ag-ere, Gm. ag

Axis:

Skt. √aj, to drive, L. ag-ere, Gm. ag

Bait:

< Skt. √bhid , to cleave; L. findere; Gm. bheid

Bald:< Skt. bhal-am, luster; Lith. bal-ti, to be white

Bald-faced:< Skt. bhal-am, luster; Lith. bal-ti, to be white

Bale-fire:

< Skt. bhal-am, luster; Lith. bal-ti, to be white

Ball< Skt. balbaliti

Band< Skt. bandh

Bear (animal):


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Bet:< Skt. √bhid , to cleave; L. findere; Gm. bheid

Bi-:

mng. two, < dvi in skt. Sound da disappeared and va pronounced as ba. See di,

bilateral, combine

Bibliothequesee theque

Bilateral:

bi-lateral, see bi

Bind< Skt. bandh

Bite:< Skt. √bhid , to cleave; L. findere; Gm. bheid

Bitter:

< Skt. √bhid , to cleave; L. findere; Gm. bheid

Bond< Skt. bandh

Bottom:< Skt. budhn, Dutch bodem, Gm. boden, L. fundus, Gk. puthmen . (rvd

131)

Brother

< Skt. bhratar , /bhr , one who supports

Bucephalus – was the name of the famous steed of Alexander the Great (C4 BC). cephal


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Skt. √aj

choragus;Skt. √aj

cogent;Skt. √aj

cogitate;

Skt. √aj

Calf< Skt. Garbha , meaning womb

Cent< Skt. shat , meaning hundred. As in shat-abdi

Cephal:


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soft carcinoma. cephal


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-com-

Skt. Sam, with, together, completely

Commend:

com-men-d, sam- - √da; to give in trust; to commit; praise.


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Conjugation: √yuj con-jug-a-t-ion

Conjunct: √yuj

Conjunction: √yuj

Conjunctiva: √yuj con-junct-ivathe mucous membrane that lines the eyelid; see junction

Conjunctive: √yuj con-junct-ive

Conjunctivitis: √yuj

Conjunctivoplasty: √yuj removal of part of the cornea

Construct:con-stru-ct-stru- < skt. /star

Convertcon-vert,< skt. Vrit, to turn, turn oneself, exist, be; L. uert-ere, to turn;

Goth. Wairth-an, to become. Gm. Wert, werth

Corundum:

< Skt. kuruvinda (rvd 131)

Cup< kapaal in skt., kopf in gm., (drink in the skull of the enemy)

Data: (pl) factual information.


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in data Romae , 'given at Rome', or littera data , 'a letter given', databeing the first word of the formula indicating the date on which an act or

document had been drawn up),

Dative:

the grammatical case that marks the receiver of an action, used withpropositions meaning 'to' or 'for' in some IE languages, as L, Gk, Russian.


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render – to give or pay back, to melt, to recite, etc . < Skt. √da, to give, grant,bestow, offer, yield, impart; [OF rendre ,


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< Skt. √da, to give, grant, bestow, offer, yield, impart; to make a gift,donation. [L donatus , pp of donare ]. donatary, donation, donative,

donator, donatory.

elucidate – elu-ci-da-te-da- < Skt. √da, to give, grant, bestow, offer, yield, impart; L. elucidare ,'to give out light' -- ex + lucidus , using dare to form the compound L.verb.

rental – re-n-t-al< Skt. √da, to give, grant, bestow, offer, yield, impart; is adopted < AN, <'British' ML rentale , perhaps for ML *renditale .

rendezvous – appointed place of meeting. – de- < Skt. √da, to give, grant, bestow, offer,

yield, impart; [F, substantive use of rendez vous , 'present or betake yourselves']. The word originally had to do with getting to a meeting place.

It is made up of the 2nd pers pl imperative of the F verb rendre, with themeaning given above, + vous , 2nd pers pl of the reflexive pronoun,'yourselves'. In F, the word meant 'the place where you were supposed topresent yourselves', or 'the meeting you were going to attend'. In E it isfirst recorded in 1591, denoting 'a place where troops are to gather'

DaughterGrk. thygater < Skt. Duhitar , /duh, to milk

DayGm. tag , Swd. dag , < Skt, dagha , burning day opposed to a cool night

December:

Decametre:

Decade:

Dental

danta

Dentist

deuteragonist –


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the actor taking the part of second importance in classical Greek drama;character who is a foil to another. [Gk deuteragonistes -- deuteros +

agonistes , combatant, actor].

Di-:

< dvi in skt. So und ‘va’ disappeared < dvi in Gk. dis for twice.Interestingly Latin retains the sound va in bi prefix and has lost thesound ‘da’. See bi

Dimension:

Dichotomy:

Discotheque:Disco-theque, see theque

Disjoindis-join, see join

Disjunct

Disjunction:see junction

Disjunctive:

Disjuncture:

Divert:

di-vert, dvi- √vrit,< skt. √Vrit , to turn, turn oneself, exist, be; L. uert-ere , toturn; Goth. Wairth-an , to become. Gm. Wert, werth.

Divest:di-vest, see di, vest< skt. Vas, to clothe. L. ues-tis, clothing garment;

Goth. Was-jan, to clothe; AS. Wer-ian, to wear clothes

Divide:< Skt. /vidh, /vindh mng. to lack, be in want of. Gm. Widh.

Division:< Skt. /vidh, /vindh mng. to lack, be in want of. Gm. Widh

Do:


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< Skt. √dha, to hold, to support, to create.

dolichocephalic – having the breadth of skull less than 4/5 of length, 'a long

anteroposterior diameter'. cephal


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Easter:

< skt. Vas, uchchh, to shine; ush, to burn; vas-antas, spring. Gm. Wes,to shine

Eco:Grk. oekos , < Skt. okas , (meaning home) < /uch , (mng. to benefit)

Economics:

eco-nom-ics, see eco

Economy:eco-nomy, order of the house, see eco

Ecstatic

Ec-sta-ic, Skt, ut- √stha -ic

Eczema:where vesicles are formed. < gm. Yes mng. to ferment. Skt. Yas, to exertoneself, skt. yesh to seethe, bubble

Edify:Skt. √Indh, to kindle; edh-as , fuel; L. aed-es, orig. a hearth, aestus, heat;AS. Ad, a funeral pile, ast, a kiln.

edit – < Skt. √da, to give, grant, bestow, offer, yield, impart;to publish, give to the world; to prepare for publication.[L editus , pp ofedere , to give out;back-formation < editor -- ex + dare ].edition, editor,editorial, editorialize.

Eke:< Skt. Ug-ra(s), very strong, oj-as , strength; L. aug-ere , to increase; Goth.auk-an, to eke; L. aux-ilium , help.

elucidate – to throw light on (figuratively). < Skt. √da, to give, grant, bestow, offer, yield, impart; [L elucidatus , pp of elucidare -- ex + lucidus , full of light,< lucere , to shine, give light].elucidation, elucidate,

Emerald:

emerald< ME. emeraude< OF. esmeraude, esmeralde < L. smaraldus,smaragdus< Gk. smaragdos, maragdos< Prakrit< maragada < Skt.


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marakata; from Webster’s new international dictionary of the Englishlanguage (second edition)

Enact:

Enactive:

Enactment:

Enactor:

Enactory:

encephalon, encephalitis - See encephal/o. see cephal

Epact:

Envisage:en-vis-age, < skt. √visaj, to see

Espionage:see spec

Estuary:

Skt. √Indh, to kindle; edh-as , fuel; L. aed-es, orig. a hearth, aestus, heat;AS. Ad, a funeral pile, ast, a kiln.

Ether:


Eu-:Eu< Skt. Su, good, easy, well; as in su-putra , a dutiful son.

Eulogise:

Eulogist:

Eulogistic:

Eulogy:


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containing great praise, Eu-logy, Eu< Skt. Su, good, easy, well

Euphemism:a word or phrase used to avoid saying an offensive word, Eu< Skt. Su,

good, easy, well. Euphemistic adj., Euphemistically adv.

Euphoria:Eu-pho-ria, Eu< Skt. Su, good, easy, well, Pho< √bhu, to be. Euphoric adj., Euphorically adv.

Eureka:

An exclamation used to show success ,Eu< Skt. Su, good, easy, well.

Euthanasia: The act of killing someone who is very ill or very old so that they do notsuffer anymore, Eu< Skt. Su, good, easy, well.

Exact:(adj,v) strictly in accord with fact; accurate; to force payment of; demandby force of authority. < Skt √aj, to drive; [L exactus , pp of exigere , toweigh out, demand, to achieve, but also to drive out; hence to cause tocome out, giving the E verb 'to exact' (demands) -- ex /, out, + agere ].exactness, exactor, exaction, exactitude, exactly.

Examine:to observe carefully; to inspect; to question. < Skt √aj, to drive; [ME

examinen,


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exactitude,


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Flat:

< Skt. prithu, Gk. platus, Gm. platt (rvd 131)

Foot:


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formicary - a nest of ants.[ML formicarum ,


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uniform - (adj,n) always the same; a distinctive outfit.

[L uniformis , single in form --uni /, one, + forma ].

uniformity.

vermiform - wormlike in shape.[NL vermiformis -- L vermis , worm].

conform – from ME conformen,


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Skt. dhoom

Gaiter< skt. Vas, to clothe. L. ues-tis, clothing garment; Goth. Was-jan, to

clothe; AS. Wer-ian, to wear clothes

Geese:< Skt. hansa

-Gen-:


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of new tissue.[L regenerare , to reproduce --

re / + generare , to beget. See generate].regeneracy, regeneration, regenerative, regenerator.

generous – willing to give; magnanimous; ample, abundant.[F genereaux , of noble birth, magnanimous,


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genial – cordial and kindly; conducive to life, growth, comfort.

[L genialis , festive, possessed,and dedicated to unusual powers,

thus cheerful, favorable,

< genius , spirit of festivity. See genius].

genus - pl genera – a class, kind, group, with common characteristics;

Biology: classification between the family and the species;any class divided into subordinate species.

congenial – having the same tastes; sympathetic, friendly, sociable.[an E formation < con / + genial, as above.

congenital – existing at or before birth.[L congenitus , present at birth;inborn -- con + pp genitus , pp of gignere ].

engine – machine converting energy into force or motion.[ME engin, skill, machine,


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[ME germain, having the same parents,closely connected,


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being influenced by OF gentilite (L gentilitatem ).

genuine – authentic; not spurious, not counterfeit.

[L genuinus , natural, possibly

an alteration of ingenuus , native, freeborn].

indigenous – originating, growing, living in an area; native to.

[L indigena , a native, lit., 'one born --Gk /genes -- within -- indu /, a variant of endo / -- the clan'].

ingenuous – unsophisticated; artless, openly frank, candid.[L ingenuus , 'born within the clan',free-born, frank, honest -- in + genus ].

The E sense 'frankness, candor',ingenuousness, is based on L ingenuitas .

ingenious – cunningly clever; inventively skilful and imaginative.[ME,


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L genus - The main derivative of genere is the noun genus ,

'birth, stock, race', any group of beings with a common origin,especially if they also have natural resemblances;

hence 'class, kind', as below in 2.

L genus was derived < the verb base gen /, 'to produce,give birth to', which is to be compared to the Gk base gen /,of the same meaning.

gene - P (249) says the biological gene is < L genus .Other sources trace it to Gk genos , < gennan .

2. gen/ -


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The adj is gentilis , 'belonging to the class', hence,in LL, 'a non-Roman, a foreigner', and in LL-ML, 'a non-Jew,

non-Christian', especially in L gentiles , 'Gentiles', cominginto E straight < L.

The adj gentile - came through F gentil , itself < L gentilis .

genius - L genere , 'to beget', has derivative Genius ,'a god presiding over birth', especially of a potentially

great or talented or otherwise remarkable person;hence, as in Genius loci , the tutelary god of a place.

genius loci - lit., 'the genius of the place'. The notion of a protecting genius of the place grewout of the notion of a genius domus or genius familiae ,'the tutelary divinity of the house or family'.

The idea was now applied also to the spiritof a community or institution; thus the meaning 'presiding deity'.(See Vergil, Aeneid , 5.95).

Thus genius is first the personification of vital or productive strength;then a guardian spirit. As a tutelary spirit of a person or place,

it has the plural genii ; as applied to persons of innate ability,geniuses.

The root is gignere (gen / 'beget, produce, cause'.

engine - engineer - L ingenium , 'natural ability', > LL, 'ingeniousinvention', > F engin , with derivative senses 'skill'and 'machine' - especially 'engine'. This gives Eengine, engineer.

gin - < F engin comes, by aphesis, ME gin, a contrivance,device, as in 'cotton gin', whence E gin, a trap or snare.

genuine - If the etymology given in the As In... section is correct,the explanation would be: genuinus , 'of the true genus'or stock, native, not foreign, authentic', giving the E genuine,

broadened to 'frank' and 'sincere'.

AHD (758) also says"possibly < alteration of ingenuus , native, freeborn."

WNNCD says"[


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But E & M, cited approvingly in P (250), derive genuinus

< L genu , knee.

jaunty - having a buoyant, self-confidant air; brisk;

crisp and dapper.[F gentil , nice,


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geni/o - < Gk geneion , 'chin'.

genion, genioplasty (also noted in BN at gen/).

genu/ - < L genu , 'knee', akin to Gk gonu , 'knee' and gonia , 'angle'.

genuflect, pentagon, gonalgia, gonarthritis; gonyalgia., maybe < Gkparakonan , to sharpen --para , beside, + akaina , point, barb, and /orakone , whetstone].

diagonal - [Gk dia , through, + gonia , angle]...aina , point, barb, and /orakone , whetstone].

diagonal - [Gk dia , through, + gonia , angle]........er/, race, kind,the L base gen/, to produce,the Gk base gen(e), race, kind.

gene, genetics; genesis, Genesis;genealogical, genealogy; genetic,genetics; genocide; genophobia.

adipogenous; aerogenic; algogenic;

allogenic; androgen; anthropogenesis, anthropogeny;antigen, antigene; autogenesis; blastogenesis;cacogenic, cacogenesis; carcinogen, carcinogenesis;cardiogenic; chromatogenic, chromatogenous;chromogen, chromogenic; clastogenic; collagen;

cryogen, cryogenic; cryptogenic; cyanogen, cyanogenetic;cytogenesis, cytogenetics, cytogenous, cytogeny;dentinogenesis; dysgenesis; ectogenous; epigone;ergogenic; erotogenic, erogenous;Eugene, eugenics; exogenous, exogens;fibrinogen; florigen; gametogenesis; genophobia;

glottogenic; gynogenesis;halogen, halogenate; hemorrhagenic;hepatogenic, hepatogenous;

heterogeneity, heterogenesis, heterogenous;histogenesis, histogenous; homogeneity,homogeneous, homogenize; homogenous, homogeny;hydrogen; hylogeny; hymenogeny;hypnogenetic; hysterogenic; iatrogenic;ideogenous, ideogenetic; idiogenesis; indigenous;inogenous; kinetogenic; lipogenous;


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lymphogenic, lymphogenesis;

melanogenesis; merogenesis; mutagenize, mutagenesis;mycetogenic; necrogenous; nephritogenic, nephrogenous;

neogenesis; neurogenesis, neurogenic, neurogenetics;

nitrogen, nitrogenous; odontogeny;oncogene, oncogenic, oncogenous; oogenesis;orogenesis, orogeny; orthogenic;oxygen; paleogenesis, palingenesis; pangenesis;

paragenesis; parthenogenesis; pathogen, pathogenesis;petrogenesis; phanerogenic; pharmacogenetics;phlogogenic; phosgene;

photogenic; phylogenesis, phylogenetics,phylogeny; phytogenesis; plasminogen;pseudogene; psychogenesis, psychogenic;

pyogenesis, pyogenic; pyrogen; pyretogenous;rachitogenic; rhizogenic, rhizogenesis;schizogenesis; somatogenic; spasmogen;spermatogenesis, spermatogenous, spermatogenic;spasmogen; steatogenous; thermacogenesis;toxigenic; trichogenous;

ureogenesis, urinogenous, urogenous, urocyanogen;viscerogenic; xenogeneic; xenogenesis, xenogenetic, xenogenic; xenogenous; zoogenic./gen; /genic; /genous; gon/.

More Info - mycetogenic; toxigenic; necrogenous;oncogene, oncogenic, oncogenous; oxygen;pyretogenous; hepatogenic, hepatogenous;phosgene.But Not - genioplasty; genuflect, pentagon,gonalgia, gonarthritis; gonyalgia.

Selected Etymologies:

genesis - the coming into being of something; the origin.

[L, < Gk, origin, creation, generation,< gignesthai , to come into being].

gene - hereditary unit determining a characteristic of an organism.[Gk genos , < gennan ].More Info


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genetics - study of inheritance and variation and (loosely),the art of breeding.

[Gk gen / , < gignesthai , to come into being].

genetic - pertaining, referring to, origin.

[See genetics].

genocide - planned extermination of a national, racial, ethnic group.

genealogy - record, table, of the descent of a person, family, or group< ancestors; a family tree.[ME genealogie,


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paleogenesis.

paragenesis - formation of minerals in contact.[Gk para , side by side].

parthenogenesis - reproduction < a female eggnot fertilized by a male; unisexual reproduction.[NL,


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E 'suffix' uses: /genesis, /genetic /geny, /gen, /genic, /genous.

E words use:

gen/ - short for gen/o, < Gk genos , 'race, kind, sex'.

/gen - < F /gene ,


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1. /gen - can signify 'something that produces', as androgen, nitrogen,and 'something that has been produced or is growing', as phosgene.

2. /gen, /genic/, /genous - can be < L gigno , genit /, 'to beget, bring

forth'.

Note that words in /genic and /genous can mean either:

1. produced by a part of a substance:

mycetogenic - induced by fungi.necrogenous - originating in dead matter.or they can mean....

2. producing , as in:

toxigenic - producing toxins.oncogenous, oncogenic - forming tumors.[Gk onkos , barb, mass, tumor].oncogene - gene that causes the change of normal cellsinto cancerous tumor cells. See oncology.

Some words have both meanings:

pyretogenous - causing fever or caused by fever.

Some words have both forms :

hepatogenic, hepatogenous - both meaning the same thing,'originating in the liver'.

The Gk verb is gennan .

Note also:

gon/ - < Gk gone , 'offspring', as in gonad - a sexual gland;'begetting or producing' = 'mother-cell or structure'.

gene - P ((249) says that the biological term gene is


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The name is a wrong one. He did not realize that not all oxidesare acidic and that not all acids contain oxygen. He would have

been nearer the mark if he had given this name to hydrogen.

[Note on: oxy/ ]:

1. sharp, keen, pointed - oxycarpous; oxydactylousoxycephaly - head with a high forehead, pointed top. see cephal

oxymoron - combination of sharply incongruous words.[LGk oxumoron , < the neut of oxumoros ,pointedly foolish,


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Genocide:

Gen-o-cide, < Skt. jan- shaat

God:

< Skt. hoota , (mng. One who is invoked) as in havana in hindi

Graphy-

Grip:< Skt. grabha, Dutch grijpen, Gm. greifen, Danish gribe, Lith. graibyti,

greibti.

Hagiographa:the third of three divisions of the Hebrew scriptures, religious text.< Skt.Yaj, to sacrifice, worship

Hagiographer:author of a worshipful biography.< Skt. Yaj, to sacrifice, worship

Hagiographist:author of a worshipful biography.< Skt. Yaj, to sacrifice, worship

Hagiography:biography that idolizes or idealises a person.< Skt. Yaj, to sacrifice,

worship

Hagiolatry:worship of saints.< Skt. Yaj, to sacrifice, worship

Hagiologist:author of a worshipful biography.< Skt. Yaj, to sacrifice, worship

Harmony:

< Skt. Ar-as, spoke of a wheel; L. ar-mus, ar-tus, a limb; ar-ma, arms, ar-s ,art; Goth. ar-ms , an arm; Gm. ar, to fit

Hegemony:Skt. √aj, to drive, L. ag-ere, Gm. ag

Hemi-

half. < Skt. saami, see semi. derivatives: hemi-sphere


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Hemi-an-op-ialoss of 1/2 the field of vision.Hemi < Skt. saami, see Hemi-; -an- < Skt.

prefix (or upsarga) an-, not, without; see a, an.[ /an-opia = no vision].

Hone:to sharpen, < Skt. shaan (tu) (rvd 131)

-Hydr-, Hydro-:

Skt. udakam, water; cf. hypo. Gk. hudor,water. The context determines whether hydr/o in E means: 1. 'water', 'of

water', 'hydrophyte' (in Botany), 2. 'hydrogen' (in Chemistry); or 3.'presence of (excessive) water' (in Medicine); or 4. 'a hydrous compound'

(in Mineralogy); or 5. 'hydroid' (in Zoology). In Chemistry, the term isalso loosely applied to any compound formed by, or whose structurecorresponds to, the elimination of water from two simpler molecules.

Derivatives: hydra; hydrangea; hydrant; hydraulics; hydroelectric;hydrarthrosis; hydrastad; hydrate; hydremia; hydride; hydrion;

hydrocarbons; hydrocele; hydrocephalic, hydrocephalus; hydrochloric;hydrocyanic; hydrodynamics; hydrogen; hydroid; hydrology; hydrolysis,hydrolytic, hydrolyze, hydrolyzation; hydromancy; hydrometer;hydronephrosis; hydropathic, hydropathy; hydrophilic, hydrophilism,hydrophilous; hydrophobia; hydrophone; hydrophyte; hydroplane;hydroponics; hydrops; hydroscope; hydrosphere; hydrostatics;hydrotropism; hydroxide; Hydrozoa, anhydride; anhydrous;carbohydrate; chlorhydria; dehydrate; dehydrogenate, dehydrogenize;monohydric; orthohydrogen; parahydrogen.

hydrant – discharge pipe for water.

hydroelectric – concerning production of electricity by waterpower.

hydrastad – small sac with watery liquid, esp one formed

by and containing tapeworm larva.

hydrate – crystalline salt which contains water (copper sulfate).chloral hydrate.

hydremia –


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water in the blood.

anhydremia – loss of water from the blood.

hydrarthrosis – watery fluid in a joint cavity.

hydrocele – circumscribed collection of fluid.[Gk hudor + cele , tumor, swelling].

hydrocephalus – abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid in the cranium,with enlarged skull, atrophy of the brain.[NL hydrocephalus ,


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1. (plant) which live and flourishes in water.2. also one pollinated by water.

hydrophobia – an aversion to water, esp as a sign of rabies in man.

[LL,


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acetic anhydride – compound formed the by eliminationof water from molecules of acetic acid.

carbohydrate – Neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen,and oxygen, as in sugars, starches, forming a major food group.[F carbone ,


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hydrochloric - (acid). clear, colorless, fuming, poisonous, acidicaqueous solution of hydrogen chlorid, found diluted in the stomach.

hydrocarbon - organic compounds (as benzene, methane)

having only carbon and hydrogen.

hydroxide - 'hydrated oxide'.

hydromancy, hydropathic , hydroplane, Hydrozoa.

hydrogen - F hydrogene was so-named for the water produced (/gene )or resulting from the combustion of this gas.

anhydride - However anhydride is not the opposite of hydride ,a compound of hydrogen and another element,

e.g ., calcium hydride, CaH2.

anhydrous - e.g ., anhydrous copper sulfate (white powder)is obtained by driving off the water from above.

Hydra - [ME Idra,


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refused to count this exploit as one of the 12 Labors he hadlaid

on Heracles, because he had help in defeating the monster.

2. Hydra - the constellation in the equatorial region of the

southern sky near Cancer, Libra, and Centaurus.

3. Hydra - used in E to represent a many-sided, persistentproblem that cannot be gotten rid of by a single

effort.

hydra - 'water snake', a small fresh-water polyp with tentaclesof the genus Hydra . The name is from Gk Myth.

See Hydra.

Hypo-:under, beneath; < Skt. up- (uppar), up-grahan, the act of seizing frombelow; >Gk. hypo; ( y in hypo is greek u, Skt. u; cf. Cyrus, Skt. kuru, thename of an ancient Persian king. In Chemistry hypo- indicates a lowerstate of oxidation or low position in a series of compounds; comparehypo-bromite from up-durita.

Immortal:Im-mortal, see mortal

inactive - 'not doing'. inaction.√aj

inaction, √aj inactive; √aj

Injunction:

in-junct-ionthe act of enjoining; a command; act of imposing. see junction

Injunctive:in-junct-ive, see junction

Inspect:

see spec

Inspector:

Invert:

in-vert,< skt. Vrit, to turn, turn oneself, exist, be; L. uert-ere, to turn;Goth. Wairth-an, to become. Gm. Wert, werth


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Invest:

In-vest,< skt. Vas, to clothe. L. ues-tis, clothing garment; Goth. Was-jan,to clothe; AS. Wer-ian, to wear clothes

Investigate:

Ion:< Skt. ayan, < √i , to go, Gk. ion, < ienai to go. (rvd 131)

Iron: < Skt. ayas, L. aes, Goth. ais, OG. er, Modern Gm. Eisen, Eng. Iron.

Is:


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Jointly

< Skt. √yuj, see Yeug

Jointure

< Skt. √yuj, see Yeug

Jostle:

knock someone for space, to be close to, crowded together;< skt. Yuj , to join, connect, meet, link as in yoga, union; Gm. yeug, to join; L. jung-ere,

to join, jug-um, a yoke, con-iux , a spouse, iux-ta(-), near; AS. geoc, a yoke;Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join, zeugma , a bond

Joust:

to fight with a lance while riding a horse as a sport or compete for power,to compete personally(closely)< skt. Yuj , to join, connect, meet, link as in

yoga, union; Gm. yeug, to join; L. jung-ere, to join, jug-um, a yoke, con-iux ,a spouse, jux-ta(-), near; AS. geoc, a yoke; Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join,zeugma , a bondJugate: jug-ate

having parts joined or arranged in pairs; Skt. √yuj, see jugular, yeug

Jugular:veins carrying blood < head to heart. something that joins two things like

a yoke, , does not have n unlike junction, directly< Latin. < skt. Yuj , to join, connect, meet, link as in yoga, union; Gm. yeug, to join; L. jung-ere,to join, jug-um, a yoke, con-iux , a spouse, iux-ta(-), near; AS. geoc, a yoke;Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join, zeugma , a bond

Jugum: yokelike join in insects keeping the forewings and hindwings together inflight

Juice:< skt. Yu mng. to bind, to fasten, join, mix

Junction:< skt. Yuj , to join, connect, meet, link as in yoga, union; Gm. yeug, to

join; L. jung-ere, to join, jug-um, a yoke, con-iux , a spouse, iux-ta(-), near;AS. geoc, a yoke; Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join, zeugma , a bond; n is a

verbal infix


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Junta:L. juncta, < skt. Yuj , to join, connect, meet, link as in yoga, union; Gm.

yeug, to join; L. jung-ere, to join, jug-um, a yoke, con-iux , a spouse, iux- ta(-), near; AS. geoc, a yoke; Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join, zeugma , a

bond

Jupiter: ju-piter, dyau-pitra in skt., dyau mng. sky and pitra mng. father

Juxtapose juxt-a-pose< Skt. √yuj, see Yeug

Juxtaposition juxt-a-pos-i-tion, √yuj < Skt. √yuj, see Yeug

leptocephalus – 1. individual having an abnormally elongated, narrow skull. 2. long, thin,small-headed larva (MI) of various eels. cephal


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having abnormally small head.

Mid:< Skt. madhya

Middle:

Midnight:madhya-naktam

Midmorning:

Midpoint:Millennium:Milieu:Militant

MilitantlymilitancyMilitary:

< Skt. √mil, mil-i-t, mil-i-ta, L. mille, militus

Militarily

Militarism

Militarist

Militaristic

Militarise

Militate

Militia

Militiaman

Millipede

Milli-pede, L. Mille-pes, Skt. √mil -pada

Milli-

Millibar

Milligram


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Milliliter

Millimeter

Million

Millionaire

Mortal:< Skt. mri , as in mrityu in Hindi

Mortality:see mortal

Moscow:

moss-acqua, see acqua

Mother:< Skt. matri

Mouse:< Skt. mush

Mug:an attack, < Skt. magha

Myth:< Skt. mithya

Naval:

Skt. /Nabhas, Gm. Nabel

navigate; skt √aj

Night:< Skt. naktam

Nineennea/; noni/, nov/ - ninth, nine, every ninth.

[Gk ennea , L novem , nine]. More Info

ennead - group of nine.

nona (hora ) - late stage in the life of the patient.nonagenarian - person whose age is in the nineties.

[L nonagenarius , containg ninety, from nonageni , ninety each,

from nonaginta , ninety, from nona / (akin to novem , nine) + /ginta ,


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(akin to viginti , twenty).

novena, November.

Oast-house:


Octa


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Orthropsia not from ortho-the characteristic of human vision by which sight is better at dawn or

dusk than in bright sunlight.[Gk orthros , time near dawn]

Orthocephalicortho-cephal-ic, urdhva-kapal-ic -having a well-proportioned head.see ortho-

Orthochromaticortho-chroma-t-ichaving normal color or staining normally. see ortho-

Orthoclaseortho-clasea variety of feldspar (rock-forming mineral) found in igneous or granitic

rock. see ortho

Orthodonticsortho-dont-ic-s, urdhva-danta- - -see ortho

Orthodontiaortho-dont-ia, urdhva-danta- corrective dentistry.orthodontist.

Orthodoxortho-dox, urdhva-right opinion conforming to established doctrine.[ME orthodoxe,


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Orthogonalortho-go-nal, urdhva- -

intersecting or lying at right angles. see ortho

Orthograde

ortho-grade, urdhva-walking with the body vertical or upright; pertaining to a biped,especially man.

[Opposed to pronograde; L. pronus, leaning forward].

Orthography

ortho-graph-yart, study, of correct spelling. see ortho

Orthopedicsortho-ped-ic-s, urdhva-

correction of skeletal deformities and associated muscles, joints, andligaments.

[E orthopedic,


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Orthosis

ortho-si-s, urdhva-ti-:(visarga) straightening or correction of a deformity.

Orthotropousortho- , urdhva Botany: growing straight (of an ovule).

Orthuria orth-ur-ia, urdhva-

normal frequency of urination.

Pecuniary:Grk. pecus < Skt. pashu , in old days more the animals possessed richer

the person would be.

-Ped-:


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[L quinque , five, quintus , fifth].

cinquefoil, quinquefoliate, quinquevalent, quintuple,

quincunx - an arrangement of five things with one at each cornerand one in the middle of a square or rectangle. (Title of a 1990 novel).

[L quincunc /, quincunx, lit., five twelfths --quinque , five + uncia , twelfth part, ounce - more at five, (1658).

[L quintus means 5th,

but is more commonly used (incorrectly) to mean 5].

Per-: per and peri are they both from skt. pari< Skt. prefix (upsarga) pari; round, about, fully; as in Skt. parinabhiround the navel, parikhya to look around, parimukham about the face,

paridasha full ten, paritripa to satiate completely. In chemistry per- isprefixed to denote the presence in a compound of the largest possible ora relatively large proportion of the same element, or the presence of anatom having its highest, or a relatively high, valence. Skt. pari > Gk. peri,around, about. Gk. peri- is both the adv and prep peri , 'all round, round

about, concerning', and sometimes the E prefix is used as a mereintensive. perimeter, periphery, periscope, pericranium, period.

Derivatives: pericarditis; pericardium; pericarp; pericranium; perigee;perimeter, perimetrical; perineal, perineum; perinephric; period;periodontics, periodontal, periodontitis; periosteum; peripatetic;peripatetic; peripheral, periphery; periphrasis; periscope, periscopic;

perisperm; peristalsis, peristaltic; peristyle; Perithecium; peritrichous;peritoneum. But Not - periwig, periwinkle.

Pericide: pitar-shaat , see father and cide

Perimeter Math: closed curve around a plane area, or the length of such; outerlimits of an area. peri< Skt. prefix (upsarga) pari; round, about, fully; [MEperimetre,


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walking about from place to place; relating to the philosophy of Aristotle.peri- < Skt. prefix (upsarga) pari; round, about, fully; [ME peripatetik,


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Pesticide:

pest-i-cide, see cide

Peter:

< patthar

Petro:< patthar

Petrol:

Petroleum:

-Pho-:


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Prodigalityextravagant wastefulness; extreme abundance or generosity. [ME

prodigalite,


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To make a redaction is to make ready for publication.react,

reactance,reactant,

reaction,

reactionary,reactive,reactor;

Recommend:re-com-men-d, -sam- - √da; to commend, commit oneself or anotherperson to someone or something. [ME,


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to reconsign; to remit; to send back (a person) again by order.[ME,


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sharkara, traveled to the West in days when Pali was the popular speechin India. English ‘sugar’ and allied European words are < Med. Latin succarum ( also zugurum), < Arabic, sukkar, < Persian shakar, < Prakrit sakharaa, < Skt. sharkara (rvd 131)

Saccharide:< Skt. sharkara; Med. L. saccharum; L. saccharon, < Gk. sakcharon,which is < Pali sakharaa, < Skt. sharkara. Indian granulated sugarsharkara, traveled to the West in days when Pali was the popular speechin India. English ‘sugar’ and allied European words are < Med. Latin succarum ( also zugurum), < Arabic, sukkar, < Persian shakar, < Prakrit sakharaa, < Skt. sharkara (rvd 131)

Saccharin:< Skt. sharkara; Med. L. saccharum; L. saccharon, < Gk. sakcharon,which is < Pali sakharaa, < Skt. sharkara. Indian granulated sugar


Saccharoid:< Skt. sharkara; Med. L. saccharum; L. saccharon, < Gk. sakcharon,

which is < Pali sakharaa, < Skt. sharkara. Indian granulated sugarsharkara, traveled to the West in days when Pali was the popular speech

in India. English ‘sugar’ and allied European words are < Med. Latin succarum ( also zugurum), < Arabic, sukkar, < Persian shakar, < Prakrit

sakharaa, < Skt. sharkara (rvd 131)

Saccharonate:

< Skt. sharkara; Med. L. saccharum; L. saccharon, < Gk. sakcharon,which is < Pali sakharaa, < Skt. sharkara. Indian granulated sugar


Saccharonic:

< Skt. sharkara; Med. L. saccharum; L. saccharon, < Gk. sakcharon,which is < Pali sakharaa, < Skt. sharkara. Indian granulated sugarsharkara, traveled to the West in days when Pali was the popular speech

in India. English ‘sugar’ and allied European words are < Med. Latin succarum ( also zugurum), < Arabic, sukkar, < Persian shakar, < Prakrit sakharaa, < Skt. sharkara (rvd 131)


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Saccharose:< Skt. sharkara; Med. L. saccharum; L. saccharon, < Gk. sakcharon,

which is < Pali sakharaa, < Skt. sharkara. Indian granulated sugarsharkara, traveled to the West in days when Pali was the popular speech

in India. English ‘sugar’ and allied European words are < Med. Latin

succarum ( also zugurum), < Arabic, sukkar, < Persian shakar, < Prakrit sakharaa, < Skt. sharkara (rvd 131)

Sandal:Arabic and English sandal are corruptions of Sanskrit chandan

Sapphire: 136 rvd


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Son:OE. su-nu , < Skt. pra-su-ti

-Spec-:

< S kt. √spash , to see

Spectrum:< S kt. √spash, to see

Spectacle:< S kt. √spash, to see

Spectacular:

< S kt. √spash, to see

Spy:

< S kt. √spash, to see

Stampede:Stha or stham + pada

State: sta-te, √stha -ti , < Skt . √stha, to stay

Statement:

sta-te-ment, < Skt. √stha, to stay

Static: < Skt . √stha, to stay

Statistics:

sta-tis-tic-s, < Skt. √stha, to stay

Stand: sta-nd, < Skt. √stha, to stay

Stamina:< Skt. √stham

Stentorian:Skt. stanayitnu

Stratagem


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< Skt. √aj

Structure: stru-c-ture, < Skt. √star

-Stru-:< Skt. √star , lay layers, as in vi-star, pra-star . see construct, structure

Subjoin:

sub-jointo append, add at the end; < skt. Yuj , to join, connect, meet, link as in

yoga, union; Gm. yeug, to join; L. jung-ere, to join, jug-um, a yoke, con-iux ,a spouse, iux-ta(-), near; AS. geoc, a yoke; Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join,

zeugma , a bond.

subjoinder:

Subjugate:sub-jug-ateto put under yoke; hence < skt. Yuj , to join, connect, meet, link as inyoga, union; Gm. yeug, to join; L. jung-ere, to join, jug-um, a yoke, con-iux ,a spouse, iux-ta(-), near; AS. geoc, a yoke; Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join,zeugma , a bond

Subjugation:

Subjunction:

Subjunctive: sub-junct-ive< skt. Yuj , to join, connect, meet, link as in yoga, union; Gm. yeug, to join; L. jung-ere, to join, jug-um, a yoke, con-iux , a spouse, iux-ta(-), near;AS. geoc, a yoke; Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join, zeugma , a bond

Subvert: sub-vert,< skt. √vrit , to turn, turn oneself, exist, be; L. uert-ere , to turn;Goth. Wairth-an , to become. Gm. Wert, werth

Suffixes:

-ate


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-ic: signifies ‘pertaining to’. It is the same as common Skt. adjectivalsuffix ic, which occurs, as in Skt. laukika pertaining to lok world. Eng.

Sulphuric corresponds to Skt. shulbaric.

-ide

-idine

-in

-ite:


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Synagogue:

Skt. √aj, to drive, L. ag-ere, Gm. ag

Syzygy:

Straight line configuration of 3 celestial bodies in a gravitational system.<skt. Yuj mng. to join, connect

Ten:

Fr. dix, Gm. zehn , Lt. decem , Grk. deka < Skt. d asa

Term:Skt. tarman

-Theque:in Persian dani < Skt. dhani as in machchardani

Three:

trayaha

Time:ti-me < ti in skt mng. measure, as in tithi. – me < skt as in dha-r-ma, ma-r- ma, cha-r-ma(skin)

Tradition:tra-dit-ionpassing down of culture through generation to generation.


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Tri-pod:


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< Skt. √vas , to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu , a house, vas-ati , adwelling place; L. vest-a , goddess of the household, uer-na , a home born

slave.

Vested interest:

< Skt. √vas , to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu , a house, vas-ati , adwelling place; L. vest-a , goddess of the household, uer-na , a home bornslave.

Vesta:< Skt. √vas , to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu , a house, vas-ati , adwelling place; L. vest-a , goddess of the household, uer-na , a home bornslave.

Vestal:

< Skt. √vas , to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu , a house, vas-ati , a

dwelling place; L. vest-a , goddess of the household, uer-na , a home bornslave.

Vestibule:

< Skt. √vas , to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu , a house, vas-ati , adwelling place; L. vest-a , goddess of the household, uer-na , a home bornslave.

Vestige:< Skt. √vas , to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu , a house, vas-ati , adwelling place; L. vest-a , goddess of the household, uer-na , a home born

slave.

Vestigial: < Skt. √vas , to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu , a house, vas-ati , adwelling place; L. vest-a , goddess of the household, uer-na , a home bornslave.

Vestgially: < Skt. √vas , to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu , a house, vas-ati , adwelling place; L. vest-a , goddess of the household, uer-na , a home bornslave.

Vestments: clothes worn by priests in church ceremonies.< skt. Vas, to clothe. L.ues-tis, clothing garment; Goth. Was-jan, to clothe; AS. Wer-ian, to wearclothes

Visible: vis-i-ble, skt. /visaj


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Vision: vis-ion, skt. /visaj

Vocal: < /vach in skt.

Voice: < /vach in skt.

Vortex:< skt. Vrit, to turn, turn oneself, exist, be; L. uert-ere, to turn;Goth. Wairth-an, to become. Gm. Wert, werth

-ward:< skt. Vrit, to turn, turn oneself, exist, be; L. uert-ere, to turn;Goth. Wairth-an, to become. Gm. Wert, werth

Was:< Skt. Vas, to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu, a house, vas-ati, a dwelling place; L. vest-a, goddess of the household, ver-na, a homeborn slave.

Wassail:< Skt. Vas, to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu, a house,vas-ati, a dwelling place; L. vest-a, goddess of the household, ver-na, ahome born slave.

Wassailer:< Skt. Vas, to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu, a house,

vas-ati, a dwelling place; L. vest-a, goddess of the household, ver-na, ahome born slave.

Wast:< Skt. Vas, to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu, a house, vas-ati, a dwelling place; L. vest-a, goddess of the household, ver-na, a home

born slave.

Wear:< skt. Vas, to clothe. L. ues-tis, clothing garment; Goth. Was-jan, toclothe; AS. Wer-ian, to wear clothes

Weird:

< skt. √Vrit , to turn, turn oneself, exist, be; L. uert-ere , to turn; Goth.Wairth-an , to become. Gm. Wert, werth

Were:

< Skt. √Vas , to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu , a house, vas-ati , adwelling place; L. vest-a , goddess of the household, uer-na , a home bornslave.

Wert


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< Skt. √Vas , to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu , a house, vas-ati , adwelling place; L. vest-a , goddess of the household, uer-na , a home born

slave.

Widow

< Skt. Vidhva, √vidh, √vindh mng. to lack, be in want of. Gm. Widh mngto lack.

Widower< Skt. Vidhur

Worth< skt. Vrit, to turn, turn oneself, exist, be; L. uert-ere, to turn; Goth.

Wairth-an, to become. Gm. Wert, werth

Yeast

< gm. Yes mng. to ferment. Skt. Yas , to exert oneself, skt. yesh to seethe,bubble

Yesterday yes-ter-day, skt. Hyaha (hyas-tar-divas), Fr. hier

Yeug: To join, to yoke together;< Skt. √yuj, to join, link, connect, relate, as inyoga . Derivatives include yoke, jugular, adjust, junta, jugular, conjugate, subjugate (directly < Latin iugum, yoke); zygo- zygoma, zygote, – zygous;

azygous, syzygy (directly < Greek zugon, yoke, and zugoun, to join); jostle, joust; adjust, juxtapose, juxtaposition (< Latin, iux-ta(-), close by); join, joinder, joint, jointure, junction, juncture, junta; adjoin, conjoin, conjugal, conjunct, enjoin, injunction, rejoin, rejoinder, subjoin (< Latiniungere, to join; here n is a verbal infix); Greek zeugma, a bond.

Yoke

something which connects two things or people in a way that unfairlylimits freedom.< skt. Yuj mng. to join, connect, meet, link as in yoga,union; Gm. yeug, to join; L. jung-ere, to join, jug-um, a yoke, con-iux , aspouse, iux-ta(-), near; AS. geoc, a yoke; Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join,

zeugma , a bond; see Yeug

‘you’ ‘vous’ from skt. yuyam??

Zygodactyl:

with two toes pointing forward, two backward, (as certain climbing birds);< skt. Yuj , to join, connect, meet, link as in yoga, union; Gm. yeug, to

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join; L. jung-ere, to join, jug-um, a yoke, con-iux , a spouse, iux-ta(-), near;AS. geoc, a yoke; Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join, zeugma , a bond; see

Yeug.

Zygote:

cell formed by union of two gametes, as a fertilized ovum beforecleavage;< Skt. Yuj , to join, connect, meet, link as in yoga, union; Gm.yeug, to join; L. jung-ere, to join, jug-um, a yoke, con-iux , a spouse, iux- ta(-), near; AS. geoc, a yoke; Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join, zeugma , abond

Zymotic

relating to or causing fermentation.< skt. /yu mng. to bind, fasten, join,mix.

Skt maghav:

/megaly great; large; enlargement.

one million.

Gk megas , megal / greatmegacephalic; megacycle; megadontia;

megaencephaly; megahertz; megalgia;

megalith; megalecithal; megalocardia;megalocyte; megaloglossia; megalomania;megohm; megaphone; megaphyllous.

acromegaly; angiomegaly; cardiomegaly;chiromegaly; dactylomegaly; gastromegaly;

hepatomegaly; splenomegaly; visceromegaly.

More Info - megohm; macr/o.

Selected Etymologies:

megacephalic - having an unusually large head.

megacycle - million of cycles of alternating current or waves.megahertz.

megadontia - having very large teeth.

megalencephaly - abnormally large brain,

usually with mental deficiency.


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megalgia - very severe, or hypersensitivity to, pain.

megahertz - one million cycles per second.megacycle.

megalith - very large, rough stone used as monumentsin construction, especially of ancient tombs.

megalocyte - larger than average red corpuscle.

megaloglossia - enlargement of the tongue.

megalomania - psychosis characterized by delusions of grandeur. macromania.

megaphone - cone-shaped device to magnify the voice.

megaphyllous - having very large leaves.

megalecithal - (egg) which has a lot of yolk.

[Gk lekithos , egg yolk].

megalocardia - cardiac enlargement.

Syn: cardiomegaly.

To join.Derivatives include yoke, jugular, adjust, junta, and yoga.

I. Zero-grade form *yug-. 1. Suffixed form *yug-o-. a. yoke, < OldEnglish geoc, yoke, < Germanic *yukam; b. jugate, jugular, jugum; conjugate, subjugate, < Latin iugum, yoke; c. zygo- zygoma, zygote, – zygous; azygous, syzygy , < Greek zugon, yoke, and zugoun, to join; d. Yuga, < Sanskrit yugam, yoke. 2. Suffixed (superlative) form *yug-isto-. jostle, joust; adjust, juxtapose, juxtaposition, < Latin i xt , close by,perhaps < *iugist (vi ), “on a nearby (road).” 3. Nasalized zero-grade form*yu-n-g-. join, joinder, joint, jointure, junction, juncture, junta; adjoin, conjoin, conjugal, conjunct, enjoin, injunction, rejoin, rejoinder, subjoin,

< Latin iungere, to join.

II. Suffixed form *yeug-m . zeugma, < Greek zeugma, a bond.

III. Suffixed o-grade form *youg-o-. yoga, < Sanskrit yoga , union.

Language Abbreviations Key:

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E English ME Middle English OE Old English

L Latin ML Medieval Latin LL Late Latin*VL Vulgar Latin OL Old Latin NL New Latin

(SciL)

Gk Greek ByzGk Byzantine Gk MGk Medieval Gk

*IE Indo-European Gmc Germanic Skt Sanskrit CCeltic

F French OF Old French MF Medieval FrenchAF Anglo-French AN Anglo-NormanIt Italian OIt Old Italian (Middle Ages)Sp Spanish Port Portuguese

G German OHG Old High German LG Low German

* hypothetical, not attested by written evidence.

Sanskrit Verbs:

vas yuj yuspashdaaj

ughvisajvidh

The Sanscrit Roots of English

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Transcript of The Sanscrit Roots of English