The Russian The Russian RevolutionRevolution

?? What you should know ??

1.Why did Russia drop out of WWI?

2.How did this help Germany?

3.What did V. I. LeninLenin promise the Soviet Union?

Russian History -- Russian History -- РоссияРоссияFor years Russia is ruled by For years Russia is ruled by

Tsars (or Czars)- kings or Tsars (or Czars)- kings or queens with queens with total controltotal control..

Nobles/Landowners had little Nobles/Landowners had little power, but were allowed to power, but were allowed to control serfs (peasants).control serfs (peasants).

Serfs lived in poverty similar to Serfs lived in poverty similar to slaves with no chance of slaves with no chance of education.education.

The DumaThe DumaDumaDuma- - Russian Russian LegislatureLegislature–Elected officials, over Elected officials, over half appointed by Tsar half appointed by Tsar Nicholas II.Nicholas II.Officials have Officials have NO real NO real powerpower..

Poor ConditionsPoor ConditionsRural farmers and peasant were Rural farmers and peasant were

upset and starving due to poor upset and starving due to poor harvests.harvests.

Workers in cities were upset with Workers in cities were upset with poor working conditions after poor working conditions after Industrialization.Industrialization.

The Tsars’ refused to make any The Tsars’ refused to make any changes and the majority of the changes and the majority of the people were upset.people were upset.

Tsar Nicholas IITsar Nicholas II

Russian citizens Russian citizens became angry became angry at Tsar Nicholas at Tsar Nicholas II for not making II for not making reforms reforms (changes).(changes).

Lack of ChangesLack of Changes PoliticalPolitical- Did not like czar in power-- Did not like czar in power-

no representation or voice.no representation or voice. EconomicEconomic- Poor wages and working - Poor wages and working

conditions, starvation due to conditions, starvation due to outdated farming methods.outdated farming methods.

Social- Social- oppression of lower classes, oppression of lower classes, overcrowded cities, WWI draft and overcrowded cities, WWI draft and loss of soldiers.loss of soldiers.

The rise of Marx….The rise of Marx….

Karl MarxKarl Marx ““Workers will Workers will

rise up and take rise up and take control of control of factories factories themselves….”themselves….”

Class struggleClass struggle– Bourgeoisie versus Bourgeoisie versus

ProletariatProletariat

Workers Demand ChangesWorkers Demand Changes

Many workers followed Karl Many workers followed Karl Marx’s ideas (Marxists) and Marx’s ideas (Marxists) and formed formed unionsunions..

Karl Marx- “Workers will unite Karl Marx- “Workers will unite and overthrow the owners.”and overthrow the owners.”

Formed two political groups: Formed two political groups: BolsheviksBolsheviks and and MensheviksMensheviks

Effects of WWIEffects of WWIRussian soldiers became Russian soldiers became

tired of the ‘stalemate’ with tired of the ‘stalemate’ with Germany in the war.Germany in the war.

Lack of supplies, weaponry, Lack of supplies, weaponry, millions of losses, low moral, millions of losses, low moral, and many defeats under and many defeats under Tsar Nicholas II Tsar Nicholas II leadership leadership angered troops.angered troops.

Russian SoldiersRussian Soldiers

Romanov FamilyRomanov Family

~World War I was NOT going well for Russia. They had the largest population and land mass but werethe least industrialized.

~Bloody Sunday in 1905

~Losing the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-05

~Rasputin running the government for the most part, while Tsar Nicholas II was at the Eastern Front.

Tsarevich Alexei ~Suffered from hemophilia

Rasputin – read page 703

>Rasputin was hated by the Russian Nobility. He was eventually killed by theRussian nobility.

>He was Poisoned (Cyanide).>Shot.>And finally drowned (in the Neva River).

DemandsDemands Citizens Citizens

demanded a demanded a better say in the better say in the government and government and to make changes to make changes or there would be or there would be action.action.

Staged numerous Staged numerous protests and riots protests and riots in Petrograd.in Petrograd.

~The Czar abdicated (gave up) the throne of Russia.

TSAR ABDICATES TSAR ABDICATES

Czar KerenskyCzar Kerensky+Takes over leadership.+Takes over leadership.+Wants to move towards+Wants to move towardsDemocracy.Democracy.

Fatal mistake Fatal mistake to stay in the to stay in the war!war!

Lenin and the RevolutionLenin and the Revolution

Bolsheviks were Bolsheviks were led by Vladimir led by Vladimir Lenin.Lenin.

Active in Active in Revolution since Revolution since early 1880’s.early 1880’s.

Would lead the Would lead the new government new government out of WWI.out of WWI.

TWO PARTIES - - Pro - TWO PARTIES - - Pro - CommunismCommunism

BOLSHEVIKSBOLSHEVIKS– ““Majority”, led by Majority”, led by Vladimir I. Vladimir I.

LeninLenin. Party where the Russian . Party where the Russian workers would lead the country. workers would lead the country. Soon known as the Communist Soon known as the Communist Party. Party.

MENSHIVIKSMENSHIVIKS– ““Minority”, broke away from Minority”, broke away from

Bolsheviks. Were moderate to Bolsheviks. Were moderate to those who opposed Communist those who opposed Communist ideas. Led by ideas. Led by Julius MartovJulius Martov..

 

 

 

 A Chain reactionTo begin, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. In result, Serbia’s ally, Russia, joined the war and helped out Serbia (both had Slavic people). As Russia joined the war, German, Austria-Hungary’s ally, also came in

and joined the war. Moreover, France, Russia’s ally, joined the war. Having two enemies on both west and east side, German declared war to both Russia and France. Italy was originally in the Triple Alliance, but because

Italy thought that Germans made unwanted attack to Belgium, they joined the Allies.

 

 

 

 A Chain reactionTo begin, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. In result, Serbia’s ally, Russia, joined the war and helped out Serbia (both had Slavic people). As Russia joined the war, German, Austria-Hungary’s ally, also came in

and joined the war. Moreover, France, Russia’s ally, joined the war. Having two enemies on both west and east side, German declared war to both Russia and France. Italy was originally in the Triple Alliance, but because

Italy thought that Germans made unwanted attack to Belgium, they joined the Allies.

Support of MilitarySupport of MilitaryAlong with the workers, the Along with the workers, the

military rebelled against the military rebelled against the government after government after continuous defeats.continuous defeats.

Military sided with Military sided with Revolutionaries, removed Revolutionaries, removed and killed Tsar Nicholas II and killed Tsar Nicholas II and his family.and his family.

““Land, Peace, and Land, Peace, and Bread.”Bread.”

- Vladimir Vladimir Ilyich LeninIlyich Lenin

Civil WarCivil WarBolsheviks and their opponents Bolsheviks and their opponents

(those against radical change) (those against radical change) fought a two year civil war.fought a two year civil war.–RedsReds versusversus Whites (1918-1920) Whites (1918-1920)

Eventually Bolsheviks defeat Eventually Bolsheviks defeat opponents and create the opponents and create the Soviet UnionSoviet Union, a , a communistcommunist nation.nation.–19221922

. End of the War for RussiaEnd of the War for Russia

After overthrowing the Russian After overthrowing the Russian Government, Lenin signs a treaty with Government, Lenin signs a treaty with Germany. The treaty of Germany. The treaty of Brest-LitovskBrest-Litovsk is signed in March 1918.is signed in March 1918.

It is a bad treaty for It is a bad treaty for RussiaRussia which is which is now the now the Soviet Union.Soviet Union.– Russia loses some territory, pays war Russia loses some territory, pays war

reparations and Germany no longer must reparations and Germany no longer must fight on the EASTERN FRONT.fight on the EASTERN FRONT.

UUnited nited SSoviet oviet SSocialist ocialist RRepublicepublic

Each person was to work to Each person was to work to their ability and received their their ability and received their needs.needs.

Government controlled all Government controlled all industry and owned all land.industry and owned all land.

Idea appealed to the large Idea appealed to the large number citizens and to poor number citizens and to poor serfs.serfs.

?? What you should know ??

1.Why did Russia drop out of WWI?

2.How did this help Germany?

3.What did V. I. LeninLenin promise the Soviet Union?

The RISE of STALINThe RISE of STALIN

?? WHAT YOU SHOULD ?? WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ??KNOW ??

1.) How did Stalin achieve power?1.) How did Stalin achieve power?

2.) Explain the Five-Year Plan.2.) Explain the Five-Year Plan.

3.) How would Joseph deal with 3.) How would Joseph deal with threats to his power?threats to his power?

New Economic Policy – N.E.PNew Economic Policy – N.E.P

Peasants worked on small plots of Peasants worked on small plots of land.land.– Harvested crops went to the Gov’t.Harvested crops went to the Gov’t.– Allowed to sell their ‘surplus’ of crops.Allowed to sell their ‘surplus’ of crops.

Soviet economy getting better Soviet economy getting better gradually.gradually.

Then in 1924, something happens….Then in 1924, something happens….

V.I. Lenin is deadV.I. Lenin is dead January 1924 – Lenin passes January 1924 – Lenin passes

away.away. Communists must choose new Communists must choose new

leader of the party.leader of the party.– Leon Trotsky versus Joseph StalinLeon Trotsky versus Joseph Stalin

Stalin put supporters of his in Stalin put supporters of his in top positions.top positions.– Supporters isolated Trotsky and Supporters isolated Trotsky and

he fled the country. !!STALIN he fled the country. !!STALIN LEADS!!LEADS!!

GOAL: To make Soviet Union a GOAL: To make Soviet Union a modern industrial power.modern industrial power.

Lenin worried about his friend Lenin worried about his friend JosephJoseph

““Comrade Stalin….has Comrade Stalin….has concentrated an enormous concentrated an enormous power in his hands ; and I am power in his hands ; and I am not sure that he always knows not sure that he always knows how to use that power with how to use that power with sufficient caution.” sufficient caution.” -- V.I. Lenin-- V.I. Lenin

He wanted someone who was more He wanted someone who was more tolerate, loyal, and considerate of other tolerate, loyal, and considerate of other communists.communists.

Stalin’s Five-Year PlansStalin’s Five-Year Plans Five-Year Plans aimed at building Five-Year Plans aimed at building

industry, transportation, and farm output.industry, transportation, and farm output. Command Economy Command Economy established.established.

– All economic activity controlled by gov’tAll economic activity controlled by gov’t..– High production goals set – High production goals set – QUOTASQUOTAS

Collectives – farms owned and operated Collectives – farms owned and operated by peasants as a group or gov’t.by peasants as a group or gov’t.– No more individual ownership.No more individual ownership.

Peasants/farmers rebel and kill animals, Peasants/farmers rebel and kill animals, destroy tools and machinery.destroy tools and machinery.

Stalin upset, has wealthy Stalin upset, has wealthy KULAKS KULAKS killed. killed.

Paranoid leaderParanoid leader Stalin worries everyone is out to Stalin worries everyone is out to

get him.get him. 1934 – 1934 – THE GREAT PURGETHE GREAT PURGE

– Secret Police sought out those Secret Police sought out those against Stalin or his against Stalin or his government/country.government/country.

– Old Bolsheviks, communist and Old Bolsheviks, communist and military leaders targeted.military leaders targeted.

Charged with crimes, “show Charged with crimes, “show trials” held.trials” held.

Some sent to labor-camps, Some sent to labor-camps, 4 4 million executedmillion executed. Maybe even . Maybe even a higher toll….a higher toll….

Foreign Policy GoalsForeign Policy Goals Soviet Union wants to join Soviet Union wants to join

League of Nations.League of Nations. Sought good relations with Sought good relations with

WESTERN NATIONS.WESTERN NATIONS.– U.S.A had the “Red Scare” – U.S.A had the “Red Scare” –

fearful of communism spreading.fearful of communism spreading. Stalin still wants revolutions to Stalin still wants revolutions to

take place elsewhere – world-take place elsewhere – world-wide communism.wide communism.

Soviet Union does make friends Soviet Union does make friends with “the WEST”.with “the WEST”.

Stalin’s StyleStalin’s Style

The Soviet Union is now a The Soviet Union is now a Totalitarian State.Totalitarian State.– One-party dictatorship controls One-party dictatorship controls

every aspect of citizens lives.every aspect of citizens lives. Use of terror to ensure Use of terror to ensure

obedience.obedience. Propaganda on radio and Propaganda on radio and

newspaper aimed at gaining newspaper aimed at gaining support of communism and support of communism and evils of capitalismevils of capitalism..

Revived NATIONALISM !!Revived NATIONALISM !!

Stalin’s Style continued….Stalin’s Style continued….

Censorship of all types of media.Censorship of all types of media.– Communist Newspaper – Called Communist Newspaper – Called

PravdaPravda ~~ “TRUTH”. ~~ “TRUTH”.– Artwork had to showcase Artwork had to showcase

communism in a positive light. communism in a positive light. Socialist RealismSocialist Realism

>By the 1940’s Stalin had helped >By the 1940’s Stalin had helped make the Soviet Union a military make the Soviet Union a military superpower and leader in superpower and leader in manufacturing heavy industry.manufacturing heavy industry.

>But he left millions dead in his wake.>But he left millions dead in his wake.

?? WHAT YOU SHOULD ?? WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ??KNOW ??

1.) How did Stalin achieve power?1.) How did Stalin achieve power?

2.) Explain the Five-Year Plan.2.) Explain the Five-Year Plan.

3.) How would Joseph deal with 3.) How would Joseph deal with threats to his power?threats to his power?