The Russian Revolution

Russia-Review

Mongol

Rule

Russia Under the Czars

Byzantine Influence

Boyars

•Autocratic-ruled with unlimited power

•Resistant to Change

•Oppressive rule

The Romanovs

Alexander II

1856-1881• Moves Russia toward modernization and social change

• Freed serfs

• Redistributed land

•Halted all reforms Halted all reforms made by his fathermade by his father

•Discouraged Discouraged challenges to his rule challenges to his rule by:by:

•CensorshipCensorship

•Secret PoliceSecret Police

•Political Prisoners-Political Prisoners-sent to Siberia sent to Siberia

•Pogroms-JewsPogroms-Jews

Alexander III

1881-1894

Russian Pogroms

• 1871-1906

• Widespread anti-Semitism spread from Europe

The anti-Semitic violence of the Russian pogroms drove millions of Jews out of the Russian Empire. In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, people emigrated to escape army conscription and ethnic tensions, such as the forced assimilation of Hungary's minority groups.

Nicholas II & Alexandra

1894-1917•Economic Economic GrowthGrowth

•Industrialization Industrialization

•Trans-Siberian Trans-Siberian RailwayRailway

•Growth of Growth of revolutionary revolutionary movements: movements: Why?Why?

•Russo-Japanese Russo-Japanese War (1905)War (1905)

•1914 Russia 1914 Russia enters WWIenters WWI

(“Nicholas & War )(“Russo-Japanese War” 1:2323)

Review: Russo-Japanese War

• Cause-Imperialism• In the late 1800s Russia and Japan

were competing for territorial control of Manchuria and Korea

• Both nations signed agreements over the territories but Russia violated the treaties and Japan attacked (1904).

Review: Russia and WWI

• 1914-Czar Nicholas engages Russia into WWI• Unprepared to handle the military and

economic costs • Weak troops and generals-lacked modern

technology• First year-4 million soldiers died• Revolts on the home front forced the Czar to

step down ending 300 years of Czarist rule in Russia

Rasputin•While Nicholas was dealing with WWI, Rasputin became an influential force in Russian policy making.

•Self-proclaimed “holy man”

•Mysterious healing powers-Seemed to be the only person who could heal the heir to the throne (hemophilia)

•To show gratitude Czarina allowed him to make key political decisions

•Murder 1916 by a group of nobles who feared his increasing role in government affairs

The Rise of the Bolsheviks

Warm-Up:(1)Briefly describe the demise

of the Romanovs.(2)Who was the leader of the

Bolsheviks?

Today’s Special:

Russian Revolution!

Ingredients:

Czarist Rule

Russo-Japanese War

World War I

Urban Workers

Peasant Unrest

Ideas of Marx

Leadership of Lenin

Bloody Sunday

Bloody SundayJanuary 22, 1905

•St. Petersburg-Czar’s Winter Palace•200,000 workers gathered asking for better working conditions •Czar’s generals fired on the unarmed crowd•More than 1,000 were wounded and several hundred killed

Bloody Sunday 1:12

Impact of Bloody Sunday

•Why were Russians outraged?

•Led to creation of the Duma-Russia’s first Parliament

•Duma’s intent-Move Russia towards Constitutional Monarchy such as Britain.

•Czar dissolved the Duma after 10 weeks. Why?

   

(“1905 Factory Strike” 1:02)

The March Revolution

•March, 1917•200,000 workers called for the Czar to step down•Soldiers sided with the protesters-created general uprising•Czar Nicholas steps down•A year later revolutionaries murder Czar and family-end of 300 year czarist rule•Duma creates provisional government

Lenin•Marxism-ideology that followed ideas of Karl Marx. Main idea; working class (proletariat) would overthrow the Czar and the working class would rule.

•Exiled to Germany-Studies Marxism

•Returns to Russia-1917 after Czar steps down

•Leader of Bolsheviks-Bolsheviks a radical revolutionary group who were willing to sacrifice everything for change

•Motto: “Peace, Land, & Bread”

Lenin & the Bolsheviks 2:26

Bolshevik RevolutionA.K.A. The November

Revolution •November 1917-armed factory workers overthrew provisional government

•Within days, Lenin and Bolsheviks seized power

•Lenin redistributed all farmland to the peasants

•The Bolshevik Government signed a treaty with Germany (Brest-Litovsk) and Russia withdrew from WWI

•Bolsheviks murdered the Royal family

Lenin Takes Control 5:01

Changes…•Lenin restores Russian economy (NEP: New Economic Policy-peasants could sell surplus crops, some private ownership, and encouraged foreign investment)

•Rename Bolsheviks the Communist Party

•Rename Russia-USSR (Soviet Union)

•Lenin has stroke (1922)

•Power struggle between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin

•Stalin wins and rules as dictator

Lenin’s Rebuilding of Russia 2:36

Title: Stalin

Totalitarianism• A government that takes total, centralized, state

control over every aspect of public and private life. • Key traits of a totalitarianism:

– Ideology– Dynamic Leader– Dictatorship and One-Party Rule– State Control of Society– Modern Technology– Methods of Enforcement– State Control of Individuals

Rise to Power:

•Between 1922 and1927 worked his way to head of govt. Used ruthless tactics.

•Gets rid of rival – Trotsky

•Eliminates all other enemies

•Builds a totalitarian state

•Women gain equal rights

JOSEPH STALIN

•5 Year Plans- plans to increase HEAVY industry- quotes too high – leads to shortages! •Collective Farms: Cause resistance among Kulaks (wealthy farmers) but SOME increase in agriculture •Great Purge: 1934- eliminates anyone who threatens his power- uses terror. •Forced Famine in Ukraine- crush resistance to collectivization- 7-10 million die!

Stalin’s Legacy:• By the mid-1930s, Stalin transformed the

Soviet Union into a political and industrial giant.

• Command Economy-government made all economic decisions

• He stood unopposed as dictator of his totalitarian state

• Total social control was achieved by terror

• Goes down in history as one of the world’s worst tyrants (kills millions of Russians whom he sees as a threat)

• Many believe that Stalin was paranoid-schizophrenic

Stalin 21:28