THE RULING OF FASTING FOR THE SICK PERSON

THE RULING OF FASTING FOR THE SICK PERSONMohammad Hairul hafizan bin Hanape13b0234Shariah and Law

Linguistically: means the ultimate abstaining and keeping away from something.Shariah: abstaining from everything that breaks your fasting from the dawn time until sunset and the intention to perform fasting by the one who is eligible to do that. Fasting according to the Shariah2O you who believe! Observing the fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may become the pious (al-Baqarah, 2:183)The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Quran, a guidance for mankind and clear proofs for the guidance and the criterion (between right and wrong). (al-Baqarah, 2:185)

on the authority of Sahl ibn Sad (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: the Prophet Sallallahu alaihi wassallam (S.A.W.) said: there is a gate in Paradise called al-Rayyan, and those who observe fasting will enter through it on the Day of resurrection and none except them will enter through it.hadith

Adult sane MuslimPhysically well and residentAs for the woman, she should be free from menstruation and child birth. EXCEPT: a disbeliever, insane, young boy, sick, travelling, menstruation woman or in childbed, an old man or woman, pregnant, or a breastfeeding woman.Who should observe fasting?

(Fasting for) a limited number of days. So whoever among you is ill or on a journey (during them) - then an equal number of days (are to be made up). And upon those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] - a ransom (as substitute) of feeding a poor person (each day). And whoever volunteers excess - it is better for him. But to fast is best for you, if you only knew. (Surah al-Baqarah: 184)

Allah gives permission for those who are sick during the time of Ramadan fasting (obligatory fast) by using the Rukshah method for their wellbeing.Allahs Command: Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship and (wants) for you to complete the period and to glorify Allah for that [to] which He has guided you; and perhaps you will be grateful. (surah al-Baqarah: 185)

So whoever among you is ill - then an equal number of days (are to be made up). And upon those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] - a ransom (as substitute) of feeding a poor person (each day).

The degree of sickness can be divided as follows: 1.permanent illness and 2.temporary illness

Chapter II: Degree of the sickness1-Permanent, consistent incurable disease such as, cancers, chronic illnesses as kidney failure and heart diseases. if this person still want to do his fasting, then possibly it will lead to his death. 2-temporary or short-term and curable i.e. common cold. Light health problems i.e.headache, stomach ache, ulcers, these health problems does not affect his capacity to fasting, he is obliged to pursue with his fasting.

Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship(al-Baqarah: 185) 1)Permanent sickness: fears his sickness will worsen or his sickness has chance to be healed but it will take a long period of time, he can break his fasting (harus). (makruh) for him to continue his fasting in his condition.If he fears suffer calamity or worse, death: wajib to break fast and haram to continue fast. : And do not kill yourselves [or one another]. Indeed, Allah is to you ever Merciful. (Surah an-Nisa: 29)Chapter III: Opinion of the Scholars

Permanent: fidyah i.e. to feed ten needy people (al-masakin) for every day that they are breaking their fasting.Pay everyday, or can wait and counted the missing days then pay the fidyah i.e. if 20 days, wait first then gather the needy people.

Aged people and incapable (old): The practice of Anas bin Malik RA: very old (70-90 years) (1/4) sha or a half-kilogram of staple food (one sha = 3 kg)

2) temporary or short-term illness: 3 circumstances

1)light illness such as headache, stomach ache, ulcers, bodily pains

obligatory for him to fast and it is haram for him to break fast (reason:not darurah)2) unfit to do the fasting, and burden to him even though the nature if his sickness is not perpetuating, such as suffering from common cold, (makruh) to fast on that day as he is doing the rukhsah (enlightenment) that Allah Taala has given to the believers3)continue his fasting then the act will harmful to his health and bodyharam for him to continue his fast and he is ordered to breakfast

HOWEVER, Allah says: But to fast is best for you, if you only knew. (Surah al-Baqarah: 184) i.e. common cold, if he can tolerate fasting, then fast.

and do not throw [yourselves] with your [own] hands into destruction [by refraining]. And do good; indeed, Allah loves the doers of good. (Surah al-Baqarah: 195)While from the hadith of Rasulullah S.A.W.: There is no harm and nothing harms (narrations of Ibnu Majah and al-Hakim)How to identify the intensity of sickness by the sick person: can only be known only by the subjective sensation of that person or by the help of verification of a qualified or expert (i.e. doctor, medical officers) whom are trustworthy, and this respect it is recommended to consult a medical advice from a Muslim doctor (some knowledge about fiqh) or health practitioner.

al-Shafiiyah, al-Hanafiah and al-hanabilah fidyah in fasting is only allowed for the aged people whom do not possess the adequate ability to do fasting, and also for the people whom suffer from incurable diseases And upon those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] - a ransom [as substitute] of feeding a poor person [each day]. (Surah al-Baqarah: 184)the Ulema of al-Malikiyah and al-Shafiiyah are of the opinion that the amount of fidyah that must be given are one mud for every one day of not fasting.Chapter 4: fidyah

The mutakakhirin Ulema such as Syaikh Sholih Al Fauzan dan Al Lajnah Ad Daimah lil Buhuts Al Ilmiyyah wal Iftahalf sho from the staple food at a particular place or settlement (either dates, rice) the traditions of Sahabi one of which was Ibnu Abbas R.A.

the measurement of one sho is equal to four mud; one sho is approximately three kilogram, half sho is equal to one and a half kilogram. The most appropritate and acceptable opinion is that this matter will be viewed according to the urf (the common practice) of the people in whom a person residing . Dialysis treatment (kidney failure)Chapter V: Diseases and their treatments, and their relationship with fasting1)Some of the scholars are of the opinion that going through a dialysis treatment will nullified and break the fast of the fasting person.

2)Another opinion is that doing the dialysis treatment is not nullifying the fast.>involved the draining out of blood to purify it.during the dialysis treatment, there are certain nutrients enriched into the purified blood and then goes back to the body. >Even though there are enrichment of nutrients, this is only a need for medical purpose.

Cupping Cupping (hijama) is the best remedy recommended and used by the Holy Prophet S.A.W. The Holy Prophet S.A.W. said, "Indeed the best of remedies you have is cupping (hijama)" [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (5371)]. 'Hijama' in arabic is derived from 'hajm' which means 'sucking'. Cupping (hijama) is the process of applying cups to various points on the body by removing the air inside the cups to form a vacuum.

The most common practiced is wet cupping (hijama) - This is the process of using a vacuum at different points on the body but with small incisions in order to remove 'harmful' blood which lies just beneath the surface of the skin.Regarding doing the cupping during the month of Ramadan, it is reported by Ibnu Abbas R.A. that: Rasulullah S.A.W. was cupping while he was fasting (Sahih Bukhari). However it is recommended that doing cupping at night time, it is most suitable. This is because a Hadith that the Prophet S.A.W. said: Breakfasting for those who do the cupping and those whom cupping is done unto him (Sahih Bukhari).

Using the inhaler for people who suffer asthma. the person will inhale something that will go into his breathing system, which is through the mouth. However it is excused that the person is in really need of that medicine. Using the injection needle for the purpose of consuming control drugs i.e. the diabetes mellitus person who needs to take injection after several hours. Needle injection is different from normal eating or drinking. Eye dropping, as the eyes are not opening organ. Donating blood, as like cupping, however doing it might make the person exhausted as his body is dehydrated (due to the loss of liquid in blood). It is suitable to do it during the night. Several medical-related things that will not break the fast

Receiving donated blood: although the person receiving blood which will increases the volume of liquid in his body, the process is done through a needle injection, and through the veins which are not the opening organs.

Using oxygen mask (for breathing facility)

The using of Anaesthetic drugs and inhaling anaesthetic gas for the medical purposes.

The usage of cream on the skin & The spraying of medicine onto the tongue; with a condition that the person do not intentionally consuming it.

Islam is the religion of the way of life, which covers all of the normal aspects of a human. Allah Taala will not burden a Muslim save for that the level of taklif is tolerable by him. As Allahs Decree: Allah does not charge a soul except [with that within] its capacity. It will have [the consequence of] what [good] it has gained, and it will bear [the consequence of] what [evil] it has earned. (Surah al-Baqarah: 286)

conclusionIlal li qaa and thank you for listening