The Romans Create a Republic

Chapter 6, Section 1

Page 141

As the Greek civilization began to decline, As the Greek civilization began to decline, a new civilization to the West began to a new civilization to the West began to emerge. emerge.

The city of Rome grew from a small village The city of Rome grew from a small village to a mighty empire. to a mighty empire.

It adopted and preserved much of Greek It adopted and preserved much of Greek art, philosophy, religion, and drama.art, philosophy, religion, and drama.

It also created a legacy of its own.It also created a legacy of its own.

Today, Italy is a countryToday, Italy is a country Before there were Before there were

countries, cities could countries, cities could grow….and sometimes grow….and sometimes turn into a powerful forceturn into a powerful force

Rome, today, is a city in Rome, today, is a city in ItalyItaly

But, it was once a But, it was once a powerful empirepowerful empire

This is Florence, ItalyThis is Florence, Italy The only place that would allow the Jersey Shore show to film in The only place that would allow the Jersey Shore show to film in

ItalyItaly

YeahYeah

Buddy!Buddy!

Rome…a previewRome…a preview

http://www.youtube.com/user/http://www.youtube.com/user/historyteachers#p/u/28/me4E5wDCK2Q historyteachers#p/u/28/me4E5wDCK2Q

The Beginnings of RomeThe Beginnings of Rome

Founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus – the twin sons of the God Mars Remus – the twin sons of the God Mars and a Latin Princess. and a Latin Princess.

The legend says that the twins were The legend says that the twins were abandoned as infants and raised by a she-abandoned as infants and raised by a she-wolf. wolf.

They decided to build a city near that spot. They decided to build a city near that spot.

Romulus and Remus Romulus and Remus feeding on the She-Wolffeeding on the She-Wolf

In reality, Rome developed due to the rich In reality, Rome developed due to the rich soil provided by the nearby river, the soil provided by the nearby river, the Tiber Tiber River. River.

Early SettlersEarly Settlers

Latins – farmers and shepherds who Latins – farmers and shepherds who traveled across the Alpstraveled across the Alps

Greeks- established 50 colonies on the Greeks- established 50 colonies on the coasts of Southern Italy and Sicily. Greeks coasts of Southern Italy and Sicily. Greeks taught Italians how to grow grapes and taught Italians how to grow grapes and olives.olives.

Etruscans – native metal workers, system Etruscans – native metal workers, system of writing, influenced Roman architecture, of writing, influenced Roman architecture, especially the arch.especially the arch.

Roman GodsRoman Gods

Adopted Etruscan rituals they believed would Adopted Etruscan rituals they believed would help them win favor with the gods. help them win favor with the gods.

Adopted personalities and legends of the Greek Adopted personalities and legends of the Greek gods.gods.

Romans gave their gods different names.Romans gave their gods different names. Zeus – JupiterZeus – Jupiter Hera - Juno Hera - Juno

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezpn8xH_XHI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezpn8xH_XHI

Jupiter and Juno

Roman Gods and GoddessesRoman Gods and Goddesses

http://www.unrv.com/culture/major-roman-http://www.unrv.com/culture/major-roman-god-list.phpgod-list.php

No more King!No more King!

The last king of Rome was ‘Tarquin the The last king of Rome was ‘Tarquin the Proud’. Proud’.

He was a harsh tyrant and driven from He was a harsh tyrant and driven from power in 509 BC.power in 509 BC.

The Romans declared they would never The Romans declared they would never again be ruled by a king. again be ruled by a king.

They swore they would put to death They swore they would put to death anyone who plotted to make himself king. anyone who plotted to make himself king.

Lucius Tarquinius Superbus Lucius Tarquinius Superbus

((535 B.C.535 B.C. – 496 B.C.) – 496 B.C.) 77thth King of Rome, King of Rome,

reigning from 535-509 reigning from 535-509 until the Roman revolt until the Roman revolt in 509 B.C. in 509 B.C.

which would lead to which would lead to the establishment of the establishment of the Roman Republic. the Roman Republic.

Established a RepublicEstablished a Republic

A republic is a form of government in A republic is a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote to select their leaders. the right to vote to select their leaders.

In Rome, citizenship with voting rights was In Rome, citizenship with voting rights was granted only to free-born males. granted only to free-born males.

Patricians – aristocratic landowners who Patricians – aristocratic landowners who held most of the powerheld most of the power

Plebeians – common farmers, artisans, Plebeians – common farmers, artisans, and merchants with limited political powerand merchants with limited political power

Tribunes – plebeian formed assemblies Tribunes – plebeian formed assemblies which protected the rights of the plebeians which protected the rights of the plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials. from unfair acts of patrician officials.

Twelve Tablets (Tables)Twelve Tablets (Tables)

When laws were unwritten, the patricians When laws were unwritten, the patricians could interpret the law to suit themselves. could interpret the law to suit themselves.

In 451 BC, a group of 10 officials began In 451 BC, a group of 10 officials began writing down Rome’s laws. writing down Rome’s laws.

The laws were carved on 12 tablets (or The laws were carved on 12 tablets (or tables) and hung in the Forum.tables) and hung in the Forum.

Established the idea that all free citizens, Established the idea that all free citizens, patricians, and plebeians, had a right to patricians, and plebeians, had a right to the protection of the law. the protection of the law.

If not a king….than who?If not a king….than who?ConsulsConsuls

2 consuls – one commanded the army and 2 consuls – one commanded the army and the other directed the government. the other directed the government.

1 year long term1 year long termSame person could not be re-elected Same person could not be re-elected

consul again for 10 years. consul again for 10 years. One consul could always overrule, or veto, One consul could always overrule, or veto,

the other’s decision. the other’s decision.

SenateSenate

300 members chosen from upper class 300 members chosen from upper class Roman society.Roman society.

Later plebeians were allowed in the Later plebeians were allowed in the Senate. Senate.

Membership was for life – which allowed Membership was for life – which allowed for continuity.for continuity.

Roman SenateRoman Senate

DictatorsDictators

In times of Crisis, Dictators could be In times of Crisis, Dictators could be appointed by the consul and then elected appointed by the consul and then elected by the Senate. by the Senate.

The Dictator’s rule was for only six The Dictator’s rule was for only six months. months.

Military ServiceMilitary Service

All citizens who owned land were required All citizens who owned land were required to serve in the army. to serve in the army.

To secure public offices, 10 years of To secure public offices, 10 years of military service were required. military service were required.

LegionsLegions

Organized into large military units, called Organized into large military units, called Legions- 5,000 Legions- 5,000

Legions were divided into smaller groups Legions were divided into smaller groups of 80 men, each called a century.of 80 men, each called a century. Infantry – foot soldiersInfantry – foot soldiersCalvary – soldiers on horsebackCalvary – soldiers on horseback

Each legion had a nickname and a flag, Each legion had a nickname and a flag, called its eagle.called its eagle.

Losing the eagle in battle was a disgrace.Losing the eagle in battle was a disgrace.Legions were self-sufficient and could live Legions were self-sufficient and could live

off the land. off the land. They did their own construction and even They did their own construction and even

built roads and bridges. built roads and bridges.

Roman Legion FlagsRoman Legion Flags

Each soldier had armor, a helmet, a shield, Each soldier had armor, a helmet, a shield, a sword, and a daggera sword, and a dagger

Also carried tools for diggingAlso carried tools for diggingThey also brought a cooking pot and They also brought a cooking pot and

clothing.clothing.

Roman ArmorRoman Armor

Imperial Centurion ArmorImperial Centurion Armor

Rome Spreads PowerRome Spreads Power

Rome was lenient with conquered Rome was lenient with conquered territories. territories. They allowed some to have full citizenship They allowed some to have full citizenship

rightsrightsOthers received full citizenship rights except Others received full citizenship rights except

voting powervoting powerOther became Allies of RomeOther became Allies of Rome

Mediterranean SeaMediterranean Sea

Rome’s location made it easy to trade with Rome’s location made it easy to trade with others along the Mediterranean Coast.others along the Mediterranean Coast.

Carthage- city on North African coast- Carthage- city on North African coast- interfered with Rome’s trade. interfered with Rome’s trade.

Rome and Carthage fought bitterly for Rome and Carthage fought bitterly for control of the Mediterranean Sea. control of the Mediterranean Sea.

CarthageCarthage

Rome and Carthage fought 3 wars Rome and Carthage fought 3 wars known as the Punic Wars known as the Punic Wars

Fought for control of Sicily and the western Fought for control of Sicily and the western Mediterranean, lasted 23 years. Mediterranean, lasted 23 years.

Ended in the defeat of Carthage.Ended in the defeat of Carthage. Rome took Sicily as its prizeRome took Sicily as its prize

The Second Punic war began in 218 BC.The Second Punic war began in 218 BC.The mastermind was Carthaginian The mastermind was Carthaginian

general, Hannibalgeneral, HannibalHannibal wanted to avenge Carthage’s Hannibal wanted to avenge Carthage’s

earlier defeat. earlier defeat.

Hannibal assembled 50,000 infantry, 9,000 Hannibal assembled 50,000 infantry, 9,000 Calvary, and 60 elephantsCalvary, and 60 elephants

To surprise the Romans, he led his army To surprise the Romans, he led his army on a long trek form Spain across France on a long trek form Spain across France and through the Alps. and through the Alps.

Hannibal’s ArmyHannibal’s Army

The battlefield The battlefield may have may have looked looked something like something like this. this.

Carthage (orange)Carthage (orange)

Hannibal invaded Northern Italy.Hannibal invaded Northern Italy.Hannibal’s troops marched up and down Hannibal’s troops marched up and down

the Italian peninsula for more than 10 the Italian peninsula for more than 10 years. years. Seized crops and cattleSeized crops and cattlePillaged farm houses Pillaged farm houses

Hannibal won his greatest victory at Hannibal won his greatest victory at Cannae, in 216 BC. Cannae, in 216 BC.

His army inflicted heavy losses on the His army inflicted heavy losses on the Romans. Romans.

But the Romans regrouped and prevented But the Romans regrouped and prevented Hannibal from taking Rome. Hannibal from taking Rome.

Finally, Scipio became the Roman military Finally, Scipio became the Roman military leader. leader.

Scipio attacked Carthage and forced Scipio attacked Carthage and forced Hannibal to return to defend his native city. Hannibal to return to defend his native city.

In 202 BC, The Romans defeated In 202 BC, The Romans defeated Carthage for the second time. Carthage for the second time.

http://www.youtube.com/user/http://www.youtube.com/user/historyteachers#p/u/45/E1NFrNv0Jis historyteachers#p/u/45/E1NFrNv0Jis

ScipioScipio

Rome wants RevengeRome wants Revenge

Carthage was no Carthage was no longer a threat to longer a threat to Rome, but some Rome, but some Romans wanted Romans wanted revenge. revenge.

An influential senator, An influential senator, named Cato, ended named Cato, ended all his speeches with all his speeches with “Carthage must be “Carthage must be destroyed.”destroyed.”

33rdrd Punic War Punic War

In 149 B.C., Rome attacked Carthage. In 149 B.C., Rome attacked Carthage. In 146 B.C., the city was set on fire.In 146 B.C., the city was set on fire.50,000 people were captured and sold into 50,000 people were captured and sold into

slavery.slavery. Its territory was made the new province of Its territory was made the new province of

Africa. Africa.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=trvNo79PsRI&feature=related v=trvNo79PsRI&feature=related

Rome expandsRome expands

The defeat of Carthage gave Rome full The defeat of Carthage gave Rome full control of the Mediterranean Sea. control of the Mediterranean Sea.

The Romans went on to conquer The Romans went on to conquer surrounding territories and expand their surrounding territories and expand their empire. empire.

Roman Empire at its greatestRoman Empire at its greatest

AssignmentAssignment

On the bottom of your paper, list 2 reasons On the bottom of your paper, list 2 reasons why a consul serving just one year at a why a consul serving just one year at a time would be good. List 2 reasons why a time would be good. List 2 reasons why a consul serving just one year at a time consul serving just one year at a time would be bad. would be bad.

GoodGood BadBad

1.1. 1.1.

2.2. 2.2.