THE ROMAN REPUBLIC CHAPTER 8 SECTION 1. KEY TERMS Republic Patrician Plebian Consul Veto Dictator.
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Transcript of THE ROMAN REPUBLIC CHAPTER 8 SECTION 1. KEY TERMS Republic Patrician Plebian Consul Veto Dictator.
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T H E R O M A N R E P U B L I C
CHAPTER 8 SECTION 1
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KEY TERMS
• Republic• Patrician• Plebian • Consul• Veto• Dictator
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INTRODUCTION
• Romulus and Remus• Children of a princess and
Mars (Roman god of War)• Jealous king feared they
would take power, he ordered them drowned
• Gods protected infants, had a wolf rescue them, raised by shepherd
• Twins grew up to rule the seven hills of Rome.
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ROME’S GEOGRAPHY AND EARLY SETTLEMENT
• Fertile Soil• Large Hills easy for
defense• Tiber River – flows
through Rome and empties into the Tyrrhenian sea
• Center of a long, narrow peninsula
• Surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea
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THE ETRUSCANS
• We know very little about founders of Rome• First settlements in
900 B.C. • 600 B.C. Etruscans
held power
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THE ETRUSCANS (CONT..)
The Etruscans
• Ruled as Kings• Tarquinius Superbus• Overthrown by Romans in
509 B.C. • Harsh ruler• No more etruscan rulers• Some historians debate
this.
• Many roman gods originally etruscan gods
• Roman Toga, alphabet adopted from the Etruscans
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PEOPLES OF ANCIENT ITALY
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ROMANS FORM A REPUBLIC
• Romans don’t trust Kings • 264 B.C. Romans
gained control of entire Italian Peninsula • Created a Republic • Citizens have the right
to vote, select their own leaders
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THE ROMAN SENATE
• Senate is most powerful form of government• Voted on laws • 300 upper-class
Patricians• Plebians could NOT
hold office or be senators
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THE ROMAN CONSULS
• 2 Consuls led the Country similar to the President• Enforced the law• Elected by the people• Senate advised
Consuls on foreign affairs, laws, and finances. • Only ruled for 1 year
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THE ROMANS CONSULS (CONT…)
• Plebians Could NOT be Consuls before 367 B.C. • Consuls did what the
Senate wanted. • Power divided equally• Veto = “I forbid”• IF one veto’ed THEN
nothing would be done.
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OTHER IMPORTANT OFFICIALS
• Just in case Consuls didn’t act, Romans allowed for Dictators to handle emergency situations• Praetors: • Important officials• Served as judges• Trials for money,
business, contracts
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PATRICIANS VS. PLEBEIANS
Patricians
• Leaders• Fight to control
government• Wealthy from
conquest• Had land/slaves
Plebeians
• Wanted respect and fair treatment• Didn’t trust gov.• Many were jobless• Refused to fight in
army
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PATRICIANS VS PLEBEIANS (CONT…)
• Plebeians get their demand• Twelve Tables • Written code of Laws• Equality for all citizens • Hung in marketplace for
all to see• This is only a small
victory
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MASTER OF THE MEDITERRANEAN
• Roman armies are expanding • Invaded Carthage (N.
Africa) • Drove Carthaginians
from Spain, destroyed Carthage in 146 B.C. • Conquered Greece
and Gaul (France).
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MASTERS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN
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THE DECLINE OF THE REPUBLIC
120 B.C.
• Some Plebeian Leaders tried to break up large land and give it to Plebeians, Patricians fought back• 75 years Roman
armies take control, Consuls are not respected• Civil War
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RISE OF JULIUS CAESAR
58 to 51 B.C.
• Caesar leads army that conquered Gaul • Won the respect of his
soldiers • In 49 B.C. Caesar
violated military assignment • War between Caesar and
Pompey
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RISE OF JULIUS CAESAR (CONT…)
• Caesar becomes dictator in 48 B.C. • Dictator can only
serve in Rome for six months• Caesar gets rid of the
republic , he replaces the Senate.
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DEATH OF A DICTATOR
• Civil war lasted for 4 years• 45 B.C. Caesar
becomes only Consul• 44 B.C. Caesar
becomes dictator for life• Rome has a King?
People hate Kings…
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DEATH OF A DICTATOR (CONT…)
March 15th, 44 B.C.
• Caesar plans to go to Senate meeting• Senators kill him • He had gone too far
and too fast gained power.
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FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE
• More Civil war followed Caesar’s death• Caesar’s son Octavian
becomes the first Emperor of Rome. • Augustus = “Highly
respected”• Lasted 500 years
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FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE
• From city-state to holding vast territory • Largest gov. in the
World• The people no longer
make choices, the Emperor does.