THE ROMAN ARMY
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Transcript of THE ROMAN ARMY
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THE ROMAN ARMY
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Without the well-trained and disciplined Roman Legions, there would have been no Roman Empire. The soldiers were the first Romans into a new area. They came, they saw, they conquered. And they ruthlessly maintained order so civilization could take root and dominate.
VENI, VIDI, VICI
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How was the Roman Army organised?
• Main part of the army was the LEGION
• This was made up of 5000 men under the command of the LEGATE
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How the Roman Army was organised?...
• The legion was divided into ten cohorts
• Each cohort was made up of six centuries
• The centuries were commanded by a centurion
• Centuries originally had 100 men but 80 was normal
• http://www.bandbhadrianswall.com/thewall.htm
Centurion
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How the Roman Army was organised
• The centurions were very important men
• They were responsible for training the soldiers under their command and making sure everyone obeyed orders.
• Some were very cruel
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Standard Bearers• Each century had its own emblem or
standard.• This was carried by the standard bearer, a
very experienced and trusted soldier• To lose your standard was a great disgrace
(as in “THE EAGLE OF THE NINTH” story)
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Standard Bearers … cont’d…
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Standard Bearers … cont’d…
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How to become a Legionary?
• You had to be a Roman citizen
• You had to be physically fit and 1.6m tall
• You were expected to stay in the army for 25 years
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Training• Most soldiers joined
between 18-20 years old
• There were three 30km marches each month
• On each march the legionary would carry 25 kilos of equipment
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Training• Legionaries would
also learn drill, or marching
• This was important for learning manoeuvres in battle
• New recruits were given shields and swords twice as heavy as the real thing!
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Who else was in the Army?• Auxiliaries- These were
soldiers from lands conquered by the Romans who volunteered to fight for the Romans
• many of these had special skills-and formed units like cavalry, archers, pikemen, etc.
• But most fought with a sword and short spear
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Who else was in the Army?
• Auxiliaries could earn Roman citizenship if they lasted 25 years
• As veterans they earned farm land on the frontier
• Children and all descendants also inherited citizenship
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Auxiliaries… cont’d
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Auxiliaries• Thought of by Romans as second class
soldiers , paid less and not trained as rigorously
• Odds were 50/50 of surviving 25 years of service
• Only half made it…
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Hadrian’s Wall
• Built by 10 000 soldiers in 2 years
• Started by Emperor Hadrian to punish unruly Caledonians (Picts, Scots, et al)
• Over 120 km long from coast to coast
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Milecastles
• Located at mile intervals• Small forts built into the wall