The role of the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) in a nuclear emergency

Per Olov NtzmannAdministrative DirectorSwedish Radiation Safety Authority

Collective responsibility for radiation protection and nuclear safety

Our tasks

Regulatory Authority Supervisory AuthorityLicensing Authority Expertise in radiation and nuclear safetyEmergency Preparedness and Response

About theSwedish Radiation Safety AuthorityUnder the Ministry of the EnvironmentDG Ann-Louise EksborgBudget approx. 400 million SEK275 employeesOffice in Solna

Ordinance (2008:452), Instruction for the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM)

provide advice on radiation protection and sanitation after discharge of radioactive substancesmaintain and lead a national organization for expert support technical advice to the authorities responsible for managing the consequences of an accident Emergency Preparedness and Response Legal framework

Ordinance (2003:789), Civil Protection ActQualified advice on radiation measurementsCoordinate and assist in radiation protection assessments for rescue service

Ordinance (2006:942), Emergency Management and Heightened Alert Plan and carry out preparations for the prevention, counteraction and limitation of identified weaknesses and riskUndertake preparations that are necessary in the event of activated emergency preparedness or eventEmergency Preparedness and Response Legal framework

GovernmentCounty administrationsCivil Contingencies AgencyNat. Food AdministrationBoard of AgricultureBoard of Health and WelfareCustomsMeteorological and Hydrological InstituteNational Police BoardCoast GuardRescue leader, police and medical personnelSwedens National Authorities and local organisations cooperate both in emergency preparedness and during a crisis:Operational capacityCoordinated national laboratory and field measurement resourcesDispersionExposureDoseSSMs advice, strategyand informationThreatsScenariosRiskSourceSSMs Role in Crisis Management

Radiation Protection Act, Instruction for SSM, Civil Protection Act etc. Provide fast and reliable informationProvide qualified advice to decision makersSSM Emergency Response Org. Duties / Nuclear & Radiological Emergencies

Qualified advice to decision makersRegarding radiological protective measures for the public, workers, agriculture, livestock, food industry and food regulations, waste disposal, etc. Provide public and media with informationInformation service for media and public is establishedThe SSM website is utilisedSSM participates in radio and TV broadcastsPress conferences are arranged coordinated with other authoritiesSSM Emergency Response Org. Duties / Nuclear & Radiological Emergencies

Examples of questions to be analyzed before advice can be given

What is the technical condition at the power plant what are the dynamics associated with how it will develop?

What is the source term?

When and at which height will it discharge, and what will be the temperature of the discharge?

What is the weather, wind, inversion level, outdoor temperature?Stabile, instable, or which type of atmosphere?

How will the discharge disperse what is the dispersion prognosis?

What will be the resulting doses and risks?

Coordinate national monitoring resourcesProvide fast and reliable informationProvide balanced adviceSSM Emergency Response Org. Duties / Nuclear & Radiological Emergencies Radiation Protection Act, Instruction for SSM, Civil Protection Act etc.

Coordinate national measurement resources

FOI air filter stations SSMs monitoring stations Dose rate measurements in municipalities SSMs mobile measurements The Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) airborne measurements Field gamma spectrometry by contracted laboratories, lab measurements of grass and milk samples etc. Whole body measurements, dosimetry etc. Decisions based on measurement dataSSM Emergency Response Org. Duties / Nuclear & Radiological Emergencies

Swedish Defence Research Agency in Ume

Swedish Radiation Safety Authority in StockholmResponsible for coordinating the national expert organization

Studsvik AB in Nykping

Linkping UniversityUniversity of Gothenburg

Lund UniversitySwedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala

Swedish Metrological and Hydrological Institute in Norrkping

Swedish Defence Research Agency in Stockholm

Geological Survey of Sweden in UppsalaLundMalmGteborgUmeUppsalaStockholmNykpingLinkpingNorrkpingNational expert response organization for nuclear and radiological emergenciesSpecial resources

Coordinate national monitoring resourcesProvide fast and reliable informationProvide balanced adviceHonour international and bilateral agreementsSSM Emergency Response Org. Duties / Nuclear & Radiological Emergencies Radiation Protection Act, Instruction for SSM, Civil Protection Act etc.

Honour Swedens International Obligations Nuclear AccidentsBilateral AgreementsNorway, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Russia, Ukraine, LithuaniaIAEA-EMERCON Agreement Most countries; military facilities not includedTrans boundary consequences or abnormal levelsEU-ECURIE AgreementSimilar to IAEA-EMERCON. No need for trans-boundary consequencesSSM Emergency Response Org. Duties / Nuclear & Radiological Emergencies

Training and Exercises the key to a working preparedness

Summary

The Swedish Radiation Safety Authority is responsible for coordinating the activities (regarding safety and radiation protection) in Sweden if an accident occur involving radiation.

Resources in alert 24 hours a day. In the event of an accident, a special emergency and crisis organization comes into operation.

The Swedish Radiation Safety Authority provides qualified advice and information to a variety of actors including decision makers and the public.

Early notification of emergencies is obtained from automatic alarm monitoring stations in Sweden and abroad and through international and bilateral agreements on early warning and information.

We work proactively and preventively with nuclear safety, radiation protection and nuclear non-proliferation in order to protect people and the environment from the harmful effects of radiation, now and in the futureWho is responsible?The responsibility for radiation safety rests entirely with the individual or licensee performing activities involving radiation. The task of the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority is a supervisory one, to ensure that the partyresponsible conducts the activity in a safe manner.full scope

The Authority sets requirements for activities involving radiation. We also provide advice on radiation protection. These requirements and advice are based on scientific grounds. We also finance research. Not only do we set requirements, we also check compliance. If we find that an activity is in any way deficient with regard to radiation safety, there are several kinds of action we can take. For example, we can make the decision to stop the activity immediately.The Authority has many different roles and tasks:As a Regulatory Authority we formulate regulations for activities involving radiation.As a Supervisory Authority we check that those conducting activities involving radiation follow applicable rules and regulations and take responsibility for nuclear safety, radiation protection and nuclear non-proliferation. We do this by, for example, inspecting nuclear power plants and hospitals, as well as industries and universities that use radiation. We also support municipal authorities in their inspections of solariums.As a Licensing Authority we process applications to establish or alter activities involving radiation. We review and make decisions regarding licences and advise the Government on licensing matters. Examples of activities that require a licence include the operations of nuclear power plants, use of certain types of laserand X-ray equipment, and the transportation of radioactive materials.As an Authority with expertise in radiation and nuclear safety we contribute to the building of knowledge in society within our field. We do this by financing research and following up on research findings. We also provide advice and recommendations to the general public on how to protect themselves from sources of natural radiation, such as radon and the sun.As an Authority for Emergency Preparedness and Response we coordinatenational preparedness for incidents and emergencies involving radiation. We are prepared around the clock to quickly manage the consequences of accidents and incidents involving radiation in Sweden and abroad.

The Swedish Radiation Safety Authority is an authority under the Ministry of the Environment

The Authority works proactively and preventively in order to protect people and the environment from the undesirable effects of radiation, now and in the future. We have more than 275 employees with expertise in fields such as engineering, natural and behavioural sciences, law, economics and communications.

We continually strive for development through continuous improvements based on established standards to maintain quality and standards to protect natural and working environments.

The Riksdag (Parliament) and the Government decide on the assignments and budget of the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, but like other authorities, we make decisions independently on individual matters.The Swedish Radiation Safety Authority has a budget of approximately 400 million Swedish kronor per year. Our work is financed through fees (main part) and tax funds (minor part).

The Authority is headed by the Director General, Ann-Louise Eksborg, who has been appointed by the Government.

This image gives an overview of our role in emergency preparedness. Soon I will come back to some details. I just want to emphasize that we have special regulations and demands regarding organisation, plans, reporting systems, equipment etc. at the NPP (and other license holders). And of course SSM also supervise that they fulfil the requirements.

15 Radiation Safety shall, within the national radiation preparedness coordinating the contingency measures required to prevent, identify and detect nuclear or radiological incidents that can cause damage to human health or the environment. The Authority shall in this context 1st provide advice on radiation protection and decontamination following release of radioactive material, if a nuclear or radiological emergency occurring inside or outside the country, 2nd maintain and lead a national organization for expert support in nuclear and radiological emergencies, and 3rd responsible for technical advice to the authorities responsible for managing the consequences of an accident in nuclear activities, if it occurs within or outside the country.2.DECONTAMINATION = sanering

15 Radiation Safety shall, within the national radiation preparedness coordinating the contingency measures required to prevent, identify and detect nuclear or radiological incidents that can cause damage to human health or the environment. The Authority shall in this context 1st provide advice on radiation protection and decontamination following release of radioactive material, if a nuclear or radiological emergency occurring inside or outside the country, 2nd maintain and lead a national organization for expert support in nuclear and radiological emergencies, and 3rd responsible for technical advice to the authorities responsible for managing the consequences of an accident in nuclear activities, if it occurs within or outside the country.

Medicinsk expertgrupp Socialstyrelsens Nuklermedicinska expertgrupp (N-MEG) ger rd och information avseende strlningsmedicinska frgor, samt tar del av den analys av lget som grs av SSM. Den medicinska expertgruppen svarar fr att Socialstyrelsen r kontinuerligt informerad i strlningsmedicinska frgor, ger rd till SSM i strlningsmedicinska frgor, besvarar frgor frn vra sjukvrdsinrttningar rrande behandling av strlskador, bistr kommunikationsenheten med underlag.Gruppen bestr av medicinska experter frn vra universitetssjukhusMedical Expert Board of Health and Welfare, Nuclear Medicine experts (N-MEG) provides advice and information on radiation medical issues, and takes part of the analysis of the situation made by the SSM. The expert medical community responds to the National Board is continuously informed of the radiation medical issues, advises the SSM of radiation for medical, answers questions from our medical facilities for the treatment of radiation injuries, assist the communication device with data. The group consists of medical experts from our university

Expert for remediation The national expert group on remediation (NESA) to promote coordination between co-operating authorities in matters concerning the reorganization. NESA addresses, among other issues concerning the choice of decontamination methods and handling of the waste that method causes; development of strategies for rehabilitation in different settings, cost-effectiveness assessments, remediation criteria (in which the activity level it is more cost effective to start and finish clean-up). The group estimates form the basis of the recommendations that SSM gives the following models affected county.

The group's members have expert knowledge of radio-ecology, remediation techniques, agricultural, forestry and fishing industries, waste management, radiation monitoring, etc.. Head of Operations decides whether SSM should convene NESA. The group also called at the request of any county.

The source term indicates the extent of a discharge is, how long it is going and what it consists of.

emergency laboratory at Lund University in Lund and Malm, Linkping University, Studsvik, Sweden University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala and FOI in Ume. Laboratories, who also participated in the exercise, sample preparation and analysis of pasture grass to indicate concentrations of radioactive substances

Early warning and CommunicationSSM is the authority (Competent Authority) for a predetermined foreignand organizations should send notice message (alert)and information on nuclear accidents and radiological emergencies inSweden under the international and bilateral agreements that Sweden has concluded.

International Atomic Energy AgencyEuropean Community Urgent Radiological InformationExchange SystemFORTUNATELY there are not a lot of real accidents or incidents in Sweden. Therefore of course its absolutely necessary to train and exercise. Sometimes, as just now, in a full scale with a lot of actors involved. But also in a smaller scale, and to use your experiences in the everyday business.Or incident