The role of the public sector in the formulation and

implementation of environmental policy

Valter Angell NUPI www.nupi-no

va@nupi.no

OR;KEY ISSUES IN DEVELOPING

OUR COOPERATION

WHY ARE WE HERE?

• BACKGROUND– SINCIERE – CAS COOPERATION WITH CIENS– NORWEGIAN GOV. CHINA STRATEGY– Our common history

• OUR AIM– HIGH QUALITY SCIENTIFIC OUTPUT– To help a science based development

• HOW?– COOPERATION BETWEEN SCIENTISTS-

• THE HUMAN FACTOR – skills – motivation - incentives– COOPERATION BEWEEN INSTITUTIONS

• A MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE– FRAMEWORK FOR INTERDISIPLINARY COOPERATION -

DEPSIR

Norwegian China strategy; …AND

NORWEGIAN EXPERIENCE;STEP BY STEP – TOWARDS DEPSIR

• UNDERSTANDING THE ECOSYSTEMS– NATURAL SCIENCES

• END OF PIPELINE SOLUTION– ENGINEERING – S.O.T.A. TECHNOLOGY

• LEGISLATION– STANDARDS AND CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT

• CHANGE IN BEHAVIOUR- SOCIAL SCIENCES – taxes and subsidies

• DRIVERS– PUBLIC INTEREST

• POLITICAL PARTIES• NGOs• INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

DRIVERS - MORE

• SYSTEM DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHINA AND NORWAY – OK!

• BUT - ONE KEY COMMON ISSUES– AWARENESS RAISING –

• THE ROLE OF TRANSPARENCY • INFORMATION SHARING• LANGUAGE

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

• PERCEPTIONS– CONFLICT BETWEEN ECONOMIC OUTPUT

AND EXTERNALTIES

• A STATIC VIEW– EXAMPLES; WIN – WIN SOLUTIONS

• HOW ARE POLICIES CHANGED?– SOME INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES

EX. 1: WORLDBANK

• 1980, 3 ENVIROMENTALISTS, THEN..– POLONRESTE

• ROAD BUILDING IN BRAZIL - DEFORESTATION• INDONSIA TRANSMIGRATION• AFRICAN WILDLIFE – SIERRA CLUB

• A LETTER TO YOUR CONGRESSMAN– RESULT; 1990, 300 ENVIRONMENTAL

EXPERTS IN THE WORLD BANK

EX. 2 ACID RAIN

• THE LONG STORY– 1700 – 1800 – 1900 – 1962 ,

Swedish scientist Svante Oden brought the acid rain quandary to the attention of the press, instead of the less popular scientific journals. He compiled records from the 1950s indicating that acid rain came from air masses moving out of central and western Europe into Scandinavia. http://www.enotes.com/earth-science/acid-rain

• EUROPEAN ACIS RAIN POLICY HISTORY– RAINS MODEL – SCIENCE BASED TOOL FOR POLITICIANS– WESTERN NGO’S “WALDSTERBEN”

EX. 3: GLOBAL WARMING

• The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided that the Nobel Peace Prize for 2007 is to be shared, in two equal parts, between the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change.

SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION

• CHALLENGES AND FAILURES

• DIFFICULT DEALING WITH TWO OBJECTIVES; SCIENTIFIC QUALITY AND INFORMATION TO A BROADER PUBLIC

• ISSUES TO BE ADRESSES IN OUR COOPERATION