The role of livestock transfer relationships in risk ... · The role of livestock transfer...
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The role of livestock transfer relationships in risk management among pastoralists in
Karamoja, Uganda
Padmini IyerDepartment of Anthropology
Rutgers University
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Overview
Risk management:
an adaptive problem
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KDF
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Livestock Transfers and Risk Management
•Stock friendships in East Africa
• Theoretical considerations
• Reciprocity – problematic because of likelihood of currently wealthy/able stock friend to become destitute in the future
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What is the role of livestock transfer relationships in
risk management?
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Research Area
Karamoja Region, Uganda
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Field Site 1
Field Site 2
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Field Site 1 Field Site 2
N=45 men
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Stock Friendships (akoneo) in Karamoja
• Can be contracted at any age
• Small gifts Livestock
• Stock friends as fictive kin
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Characteristics of Stock Friend Networks
• Stock friendship network sizeSite 1 avg. = 9
Site 2 avg. = 6
• CompositionKin - 30% [Site 1]; 38% [Site 2] Affines > Agnatic
• Geographic dispersal34% same village; 51% same sub-county [Site 1]27% same village; 54% same sub-county [Site 2]
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Properties of Stock Friend Networks
• Reciprocity vs. need
• Demand sharing & Need based transfers
• Ties of obligation
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Are livestock transfer relationships beneficial during disaster?
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Predictors of Help Received & Help Given
• Help given
Site 1 – Livestock Traders
Brewers
Food Aid Recipients
• Help received
Predictors: Age, Wealth, Household size, Size of stock friend networks
Results: Size of stock friend network predicts help received (p<0.01)
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Frequencies of help received during drought in both field sites
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Acquaintance Close Agnates Agnates Affines Friends Govt/NGO
Only 8% of friends in
drought helping data are
‘stock friends’
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Who are these other ‘friends’ from whom help was
received during a drought?
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Propositions
Weak ties
vs.
Strong, obligatory
relationships (Stock
friendships)
RA & Key Informants walking to the kraals
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Stochastic Environments & Need-Based Transfers
“In a time of need, you don’t know who is going to help you”
Participant, Field Site 1
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Future Work
• Village level networks
• Homophily
• Tracking of stock friends’ role over multiple years
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Funding Support• Study participants
• Research Assistants
• Lee Cronk
• Helen Wasielewski
• Drew Gerkey
• Dissertation Committee
• Friends & Family
• Graduate School New Brunswick
• Rutgers Dept. of Anthropology
• Center for Human Evolutionary Studies
• National Science Foundation
• John Templeton Foundation –Human Generosity Project
Acknowledgements