THE ROLE OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE IN MANAGING HIV/AIDS: The Case of Ghana September 8-9, 2005.
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Transcript of THE ROLE OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE IN MANAGING HIV/AIDS: The Case of Ghana September 8-9, 2005.
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THE ROLE OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE IN MANAGING HIV/AIDS: The Case of Ghana
September 8-9, 2005
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THE USEFULNESS OF HERBAL MEDICINES IN POST HIGHLY ACTIVE
ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT (HAART) ERA
BY DR. MUBARAK OSEI-KWASI
Noguchi Memorial Institute For Medical Research,
University Of Ghana
August 11, 2005
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• High prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant African women between 24 and 29 years means that most of them were infected between 15 and 19 years ( Junior Secondary School (JSS) and Senior Secondary School (SSS) years
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• Despite positive impact that antiretroviral therapy has had on the lives of individuals with HIV infection, the adverse effects, potential long-term toxicities, complexity of regimens, development of drug resistance and cost have made decisions about when to initiate HAART difficult.
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• Patients are seeking help from alternative systems of medicines–Unani, Chinese, Ayurvedic,
naturopathy, acupuncture, Kneipt-Therapy, homeopathy and many others
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• Their importance has led to a new Discipline known as Alternative Medicine being taught in some higher institutions in Europe, America and Asia.
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• Africans use medicinal plants for the treatment of many diseases without any scientific evidence. It is known that some medicinal plants contain vitamins, minerals, etc. which help the body maintain a healthy balance.
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Description Of PatientsSigns and symptoms specifically asked for and
documented• Chronic diarrhoea of greater than 1-month
duration.• Unintentional weight loss• Greater than 10% of body weigh• Dermatological problems.• Prolonged fever (documented more than 1-
month duration)• Persistent cough• Genital ulceration and vaginal discharge• Menstrual disorders.
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Description Of Patients
Signs and symptoms specifically asked for and documented
• Chronic diarrhoea of greater than 1-month duration.
• Unintentional weight loss• Greater than 10% of body weigh• Dermatological problems.• Prolonged fever (documented more than 1-month
duration)• Persistent cough• Genital ulceration and vaginal discharge• Menstrual disorders.
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NAME HIV
1 2 CD4 CD8
CD4
CD8 CD4 CD8
CD4
CD8
3
CD4 CD8
CD4
CD8
4
CD4
CD8
CD4
CD8
5
CD4
Y.B + + <50 1000 0.05 <50 640 O.08 <50 650 0.09 64 756 0.8 †
D.O. + - 282 558 0.52 330 517 0.64 305 480 0.64 300 520 0.57 †
Y.A. + +
<50 956. 0.06 <50 960 0.06 <50 946 0.06 † †
A.T + + 196 874 0.22 200 954 0.20 209 723 0.29 † †
Table 1. Constant low CD4 Levels
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NAME
HIV
1 2
1
CD4
CD8
CD4
CD8
2
CD4
CD8
CD4
CD8
3
CD4
CD8
CD4
CD8
4
CD4
CD8
CD4
CD8
5
CD4
CD8
A.M + + <50 854 0.06 340 756 0.45 350 765 0.46 350 840 0.41 S S
O.B. + + 147 900 0.16 168 956 0.17 209 1000 .021 357 968 0.36 428 1205 †
J.K. + + 96 960 0.1 108 1040 0.1 360 1258 0.28 540 1327 0.40 745 1488 †
L.P. + + 89 353 0.25 290 350 0.82 476 653 0.73 S S
A.S. + - 150 345 0.43 325 350 0.92 S S
A.K.U.
+ - 128 1595 0.08 340 1698 0.20 322 1437 0.22 425 1590 0.27 486 1592
S.B. + + 210 756 0.27 357 920 0.39 523 1000 0.52 754 1320 0.57 942 1415
A.A. + - 210 320 0.65 345 360 0.95 S S
Table 2. Increasing CD4 Levels
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Table 3. High CD4 Levels
NAME HIV
1 2
1
CD4
CD8
CD4
CD8
2
CD4
CD8
CD4
CD8
3
CD4
CD8
CD4
CD8
4
CD4
CD4
CD8
5
CD4
CD8
CD4
M.A + - 1021 750 1.36 1000 650 1.53 1001 652 1.5 1001 652 1.54 1011 750
G.T. + + 1062 741 1.43 1O70
748 1.43 1280 753 1.7 1170 780 1.5 1072 758
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Treatment of Herpes Zoster
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Constraints
1. Mistrust
2. Preparations of decoctions
3. Dosage of herbal decoctions
4. Definitions -cure and treatment
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Constraints (cont.)
5. Acceptance of herbal medications by orthodox medical institutions
6. Research funding
7. Support- i) Herbalist
-ii) Patients
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RESEARCH ON FLAVONOIDS
• Hu CQ, Chen K, Shi Q, Kilkuskie RE, Cheng YC, Lee KH.
• Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina
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RESEARCH ON FLAVONOID (Cont.)
• Seven other natural flavonoids, and 14 synthetic flavonoids have been evaluated.
• Flavonoids with hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-7 and with a C-2-C-3 double bond have been found to be potent inhibitors of HIV growth.
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SOME SOURCES OF FLAVONOIDS
• COCOA
• GREEN TEA
• CHRYSANTHENIUM ETC. –Identified As Major Sources Of
These Compounds.
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A CHALLENGE OF OUR TIME
• Ghanaian scientists (esp. Chemists and Biochemists) should do their best to isolate these compounds and join hands with other researchers to evaluate them for medicinal purposes.
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LAST WORDS
• WISDOM IS FROM ALLAH (GOD), EXPERIENCE CAN MAKE MAN KNOWLEDGABLE,
• BUT ONLY ALLAH (GOD) CAN MAKE HIM WISE
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THANK YOU !!!THANK YOU !!!MERMERÇI BEAUCOUP!!ÇI BEAUCOUP!!
GRACIAS!!!GRACIAS!!!
ASANTE SANA !!!ASANTE SANA !!!
YE DA MU ASYE DA MU ASεε !!!