The role of ICT4D in building resilience
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The role of ICT4D innovation in “Building Resilience”
Nairobi, Kenya, March 2014
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What is Resilience?
• the capacity of HH’s, communities, countries, and systems to mitigate, adapt to and recover from shocks and stresses in ways that reduces vulnerability and facilitates inclusive growth.
• The ability to recover or ‘bounce back’ after a catastrophic event, without significant external support.
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What are the shocks and stressors?
Extreme climatic eventsGlobal market volatilityPopulation doubling every 20 yearsServices/ infrastructure cannot meet demandHealth problemsLimited education Financial inequity accelerates social divisionsNatural resource limitations i.e., no landNo jobs leading to Conflict Poverty traps
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Why is Resilience important?• Recurring crises in Africa and Asia have cost
donors and Governments billions of dollars.• Despite short-term humanitarian success,
current interventions have not substantially improved capacity to withstand future shocks / stresses. More people need help
• As a result, the concepts of resilience and risk management have emerged as frameworks to improve the capacity of vulnerable communities to withstand future shocks and stresses.
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Lack of resilience diverts resources from development…
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0%
Average low drylandNigeria
South AfricaZambia
TanzaniaGambiaLesotho
SwazilandKenya
AngolaEthiopia
ZimbabweBotswana
NamibiaSenegal
Cape VerdeBurkina Faso
MaliMauritania
NigerEritrea
ChadSudan
Somalia
Med
ium
Mos
tlydr
ylan
d
Average developing countries
Average Sub-Saharan Africa
Share of humanitarian aid in total ODA (2000-2010) Number of Persons in Need of Humanitarian Assistance in…. Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Chad by Year
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Real challenges of we need to address…
25 % of Africa’s population lives in dry lands which suffer recurrent shocks.
Real concern that rising costs of emergency case load will drain development funding.
Choice: Should we focus on emergency or Should we rethink how investments are made in emergency and development operations?
Source: (CGIAR) - Zomer et al. (2007) and Zomer et al. (2008) based on WorldClim
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What’s different about Resilience?• Seeking to Integrate Emergency and Development
• Supports market based methods for growth / stability
• More emphasis on Governance and systems thinking
• Requires greater Voice and Agency local actors
• Scaled solutions and “connectedness” between scales
• Purposeful attention to conflict resolution
• Expanding DRR to Program wide “Risk management”
• More local responsibility and accountability
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Unexpected trends….
•from free to fees
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How can technology and new financial models help us to co-invest in smarter solutions?
• Solutions that support scaled engagement • Systems help us monitor and learn what works• Maps and helps coordinate investments • Improves feedback loops with target clients• Offers mass affordable information access • Supports better feedback to Governance systems• Enables co-investment and ownership• Provide options for better “value for money”
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How does Technology help build More Resilient Programming?
• Ability to Push, Pull and Share information now• Multiple ways to promote productivity gains• New forms of service delivery• Helps to blends public and private capital• Map and Measure actions - accountability• Monitor changes and supports actionable data• Helps people plan and react more effectively.
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Unexpected Trends….
•From Mass communication to•Mass Customisation
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Innovation Examples from this week
• Finding new jobs – Jobs Souktel, iMerit• Mapping –ESRI, Poi mapper• Monitoring and Evaluation – Kimetrica, e-valuate, T-works• Weather alerts – Grameen, e-extension• Market information – Esoko, IFDC• Knowledge sharing – Iformbuilder, Frontlines, DW• Education – Bridge Academies • Learning by Video – Digital Green• Financial services – MPESA, • Analytics – Zoho, Salesforce reports• Medical support – Dimagi, Datadyne, • e-extension – Min of Ag, GSMA
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Working at Scale across Scale levels
1M
100,000
10,000
1,000
Health
NRM
LivelihoodsValue chains
EarlyWarning/ DRR/ CCA
Connectedness
Community
Districts
Households
National
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SPA
Highly vulnerable
Vulnerable but Viable
RECOVER
BUILD
GROWResilient and empowered
Incr
easi
ng H
H re
silie
nce
Incr
easi
ng m
arke
t per
form
ance
Consistent market sales
Infrequent market sales
Occasional market sales
REBOUND
Pathway to Prosperity
ASSETS
SKILLS
SERVICES
RESILIENCE
Market Pull
Market Push
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The community
shock
1.
Disaster Risk Reduction
Building Resilient Pathways to Prosperity
3.
2.
Consistentmarket sales
Highly vulnerable
Vulnerable but Viable
Blended Capital funding
Private capitalResilient and
empowered
Incr
easi
ng H
H re
silie
nce
Incr
easi
ng m
arke
t per
form
ance
Infrequent market sales
Occasional market sales
TransitionGrant Funding
EmergencyGrant Funds
EmergencyFunds
ResilienceProgramming
$$$$$$$$
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•Achieving scaled solutions through innovation, risk management and blended financing
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Conclusions• Globally, societies are embracing technology as a way of
working smarter, civil society needs to do the same.
• Innovation offers a diversity of tools and combinations to deal with more complex and scaled challenges.
• Blending different financial models supports new ways of programing service delivery (grants and investments)
• Better information enables us to reduce risks for investments and “insure” against future shocks
• Can help us achieve more resilient solutions that offer investors /communities choice and “value for money”
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THANK YOU!
Resilience through innovationLets make it Happen!
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Resilience and Risk
• We live in a multi-risk environment.
• Global and Local risks are changing rapidly.
• The scale of the challenges are escalating
• The dynamics of recurrent shocks and persistent stressors make for a complex situation
• Current humanitarian and development approaches are not able to address these evolving contexts.