The role of hydropower in the EU’s Renewable Energies Policy
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Transcript of The role of hydropower in the EU’s Renewable Energies Policy
The role of hydropower in the EU’s Renewable Energies Policy
13 September 2011
Øyvind Vessia ([email protected]) DG Energy, European Commission
Content:
.EU’s policy on renewable energy
.What are planned of hydropower towards 2020 in the EU?
.Refurbishment and re-powering of hydropower plants
.Conflict between producing hydropower and following the Water Framework Directive (WFD)?
49%
13%
16%
13%
30%
18%
25%
16%
18%
20%
23%
17%
13%
40%
23%
11%
13%
14%
34%
15%
31%
24%
25%
14%
38%
15%
10%
RES share in 2020
BEBGCZDKDEEEIEELESFRITCYLVLTLUHUMTNLATPLPTROSISKFISEUK
EU-27 efforts in Renewables
2.2%
9.4%
6.1%
17.0%
5.8%
18.0%
3.1%
6.9%
8.7%
10.3%
5.2%
2.9%
32.6%
15%
0.9%
4.3%
2.4%
23.3%
7.2%
20.5%
17.8%
16%
6.7%
28.5%
1.3%
39.8%
0%
RES share in 2005
Member States’ targets
Based on 2005 starting point, recent progress and a balanced sharing of the effort, weighted by GDP/capita
Technology Results from the National Renewable Energy Action Plans
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Other Biofuels
Hydrogen
Biodiesel
Bioethanol
Heat pumps
bioliquids Heat
biogas Heat
solid Biomass Heat
Solar Heat
Geothermal Heat
bioliquids Electricity
biogas Electricity
solid Biomass Electricity
offshore
onshore
Tide, w ave, ocean
concentrated solar pow er
photovoltaic
Geothermal Electricity
Hydro
ktoe
Hydropower 2010 – 2020 in various Member States
Hydropower production
0
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
80.000
AT BU CZ EE FR GR IE LV LU NL PL SK ES UK
GW
h
Hydro: 2010
Hydro 2020
Hydropower in total for EU27
0
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000
250.000
300.000
350.000
MW GWh MW GWh MW GWh MW GWh
2005 2010 2015 2020
<1MW
1MW–10 MW
>10MW
Of which pumping
Trends: Hydropower in the EU (NREAPS)
.Hydropower is more than 50% of current RES-electricity» Will be around 30% in 2020
.Moderate increase in hydropower (2010 – 2020):» Around 25 TWh (8%) consisting of:
• 17.5 TWh large hydro (>10 MW)• 6.0 TWh medium• 1.5 TWh small (<1 MW)
Re-powering and refurbishment of hydropower (1/2)
.NREAPs estimate an increase of 8 TWh of pumping» Expected as a response to more variable
power production and prices
» 2010: 23 TWh of pumping – i.e. increase of 35% towards 2020
» Part of this will be refurbishment of old installations
Re-powering and refurbishment of hydropower (2/2)
.Refurbishment of hydropower plants offers important opportunities:» Increased efficiency of turbines and generators – i.e.
more renewable electricity
» More flexible operation – more value from each litre of water by producing when prices are the highest
» Possible to improve ecological status of the waterbodies
» BUT – operators might delay refurbishment of fear of more stringent ecological requirements (and thus lower production)
• The result is that the refurbishment does not take place, with neither global (RES) or local (WFD) benefits
Example from Sweden: “Constant Concessions Under Changing Circumstances: the Water and Renewable Energy Directives and Hydropower in Sweden”, Peter M. Rudberg SEI http://sei-international.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/SEI-ProjectReport-Rudberg-ConstantConcessionsUnderChangingCircumstances-2011-2ndEd.pdf
Conflicts between WFD and hydropower?
.A recent study commisioned by DG ENV estimated that hydropower could be reduced by only 8-9 TWh (2.3 – 2.6% of total hydro) because of ecological mitigation required by the WFD
.BUT also found that refurbishment can lead to both ecological mitigation AND increased production of hydropower.
Conclusions
.Hydropower is an important source of renewable electricity in the EU
.Limited increase in production (8%) towards 2020, but different operation (pumping increases with 35%)
.Refurbishment offer important opportunities to combine ecological mitigation and increased hydropower production